Which of the three immigrants in ancient China lived in the capital?

In the modern history of China, there have been three huge waves of immigrants, namely, going east, going west and South Asia.

Guandong refers to the east of Shanhaiguan, which is what we call the northeast today. Northeast China is the land of Longxing of Manchu. . After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the famous wicker border pass was built in the northeast, which was divided into two parts and the border ban policy was implemented. Han people are not allowed to illegally cross the eastern border wall, that is, the Longxing land of Manchu. This led to a slow population growth in the northeast of China for a long time. 1860, the forbidden border began to relax, and a large number of Han people in Shanhaiguan began to make a living. The population explosion during the period of Kanggan in China and the economic crisis after the Opium War led to the extreme overpopulation and the deterioration of the living environment, which also directly contributed to immigration. 1897, the Qing dynasty fundamentally abandoned the border ban policy, marking the completion of the integration of Manchu and Han nationalities. By the time the Japanese launched the September 18th Incident, the population of Northeast China had exceeded 30 million, most of whom were immigrants from China, Shandong and Hebei and their descendants. In order to survive, they have to overcome not only the prohibitions of the Qing Dynasty, but also numerous difficulties and obstacles. In order to survive, they fought tenaciously against the harsh natural environment, bandits and colonial aggression forces of Russia and Japan. A word "Chuang" truly expresses this historical truth. Breaking through the Kanto, a rare wave of immigrants in the world, completely changed the history of Northeast Asia.

The folk term "going west" refers to Shahukou, Youyu County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. Once out of this pass, we will go to the inner and outer Mongolian grasslands and Xinjiang. From the name of killing hukou, we can see how fierce the contradiction between grassland people and farmers is. Westward advancement can also be understood in a broad sense. Xiguan in a broad sense refers to the pass in northern Shanxi, such as Gukou and Shenmukou in Shaanxi. Shanxi-Shaanxi immigrants came out of these passes and gradually distributed in the vast Mongolian Plateau and Xinjiang, which promoted the ethnic integration in these border areas, changed these areas from pure animal husbandry areas to farming-pastoral ecotones, and the Sanjin culture also took root in these areas. At that time, Shanxi merchants were in a dominant position in many famous commercial cities outside China, and their business even went as far as Russia, so they were one of the famous commercial groups in China.

The so-called Nanyang is what China called Southeast Asia in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including Philippine Islands, Indonesian Islands, Malay Islands and Indochina Peninsula. Descendants of China people went to Nanyang very early, such as in the late Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. As long as there is massive unrest in China, many people will go to Nanyang to make a living. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population of Lower Nanyang increased dramatically. After 1840, China experienced a serious economic crisis and continued internal turmoil, and a large number of Chinese began to make a living overseas in Nanyang. According to A Brief History of Immigrants in China written by Ge et al., during the 90 years from 1840 to 1930, the average number of immigrants exported from Fujian and Guangdong provinces was above100000. This is a huge migration tide in the history of the world.

At present, there are about 50 million Chinese living in Southeast Asia, which is the largest concentration of overseas Chinese. After several generations of management and struggle, Chinese have had an important impact on the economies of these countries in Southeast Asia. They not only contributed to the host country with their own success. It also supported China's revolution, anti-aggression struggle and even economic construction since modern times. The word "Xia" in "Xia Nanyang" vividly shows that these Chinese have left their home country, brought Chinese civilization to the destination country and integrated into the local society.