King Frederick II of Prussia invited Voltaire as a guest, claimed to be a "friend of the Enlightenment" and promoted an enlightened monarchy, which shows that he

A

First of all, he was indeed influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment

Frederick II and Voltaire exchanged letters and met in Potsdam. He himself wrote a large number of French works and was a writer with great influence in the 18th century. "Anti-Macchiavell" (Anti-Macchiavell), which he wrote in 1740, is very famous in Europe. In the book, he used a critical and progressive perspective to analyze Machiavelli's national political views.

And Machiavellianism is to maintain the monarchy by any means necessary

About his internal affairs and reforms

In terms of internal affairs, he implemented agricultural reforms (peanuts) ), military reform, educational reform, legal reform, drainage projects in Dr?mling and Oderbruch, the abolition of torture and the establishment of a clean and efficient civil service system. His famous saying is "I am the first public servant of this country." He made a lot of contributions to the development of law. In addition, the people of Prussia at that time could seek help from the king by writing letters or asking for an audience. Frederick II tried his best to avoid the abuses of feudalism under his maxim that "the king is the first public servant of the state." In this regard, he was very distrustful of his officials, and he deeply felt that the concept of hierarchy would cause trouble.

“I am not happy that the poor people who are facing lawsuits in Berlin are in such a difficult situation. And they are often arrested, such as Jacob Treher from East Prussia. As soon as he had to stay in Berlin due to a lawsuit, the police arrested him. Later I asked the police to release him. I want to tell you clearly that in my eyes, a poor peasant and the most prominent duke or the most wealthy. There is no distinction between nobles and nobles. Everyone is equal before the law!" (Letter from Frederick II to the Minister of Justice in 1777)

This is his principle of "everyone is equal". Characteristics of the period in power. At the same time, he was tolerant and open to immigrants and small religious believers (Huguenots, Catholics), which was also one of the characteristics of his internal affairs. In Berlin's Forum Fridericianum, a Protestant church and a Catholic church stand side by side, which is a unique sight in the 18th century. Frederick later said: "Jeder soll nach seiner Fa?on selig werden" (meaning: everyone can go to heaven, even if they do things differently). However, regarding discrimination against Jews, Frederick II inherited the policies of his predecessors verbatim - the revised General Privilege Policy in 1750 (Revidiertes General-Privileg 1750), the Jewish Porcelain Regulations in 1763 (Judenporzellanverordnung 1763) . Prussia was the first European monarchy to enjoy limited freedom of the press. Under this king, homosexuals were not persecuted.

He hoped to completely abolish serfdom, but failed due to strong opposition from Prussian landowners. However, it could be gradually implemented in the king's territory. Frederick II established small towns and villages in the newly opened areas to allow farmers with free status to settle in. When serf contracts need to be extended for state reasons, these helpers, farmhands and maids will be asked about their employer's situation and treatment. An employer with poor management may have its farmhands transferred to a farm with a good management record. Employer's office.

During the reign of Frederick II, hundreds of schools were built in Prussia. The quality of teachers in rural schools varies from good to bad and is on the low side. These schools could only produce officers with literacy deficiencies.

However, although the quality of the talents cultivated was low, it greatly improved the literacy rate and promoted the modernization process of the army. The enhancement of Prussia’s national power and Bismarck’s courage to deal with various countries to complete dynastic wars in the future It also relies on the results of these reforms