Where does the Millennium Bai Village belong?

Millennium Bai Village belongs to the famous cultural landscape scenic spot in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.

Millennium Bai Village is located in Nuodeng Village, Guolang Township, Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The village name has not changed for nearly 1300 years since Nanzhao period in Tang Dynasty, and it is the oldest village in northwest Yunnan. On June 24th, 2002, 65438+ Yunnan Provincial People's Government awarded this village a provincial-level historical and cultural village. As the oldest existing village name in Yunnan, the earliest economic center of Bai nationality, the most concentrated Ming and Qing architecture in western Yunnan, and the remains of Ming and Qing culture, the long history determines the profound cultural connotation of Bai nationality village for thousands of years.

Nuodeng village used to be commonly known as Nuodeng well or Nuojing, and the well was a salt well. According to the historical records of Yunnan, the well and mine salt industry in Yunnan came into being in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In BC 1 10, salt was produced in today's Anning, Dayao and Yunlong areas. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yunlong was Subi County, which meant that Subi was a land of salt in ancient Bai language. The fundamental reason for the establishment of Subi County in Han Dynasty was the salt production here. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yunlong belonged to Yinzhou and was the governor of Yaozhou. According to Professor Fang Guoyu's book Two Thousand Years Counties in Yunnan, Yinzhou is the land of Yunlong, which leads to salt springs and other five places. The newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi has verified that Yunlong Salt Well in Han Dynasty is now Nuodeng Well, and whether the salt spring under Yinzhou in the early Tang Dynasty is Nuodeng remains to be verified. However, from the analysis of existing historical materials and regional conditions, Yanquan may be Nuodeng Well. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, after Nanzhao regime seized all the territory of Yaozhou Doudufu, Ningbei Festival was established. In 79 1 year, Ningbei Festival was changed to Jianchuan Festival, which has Ningbei, Shacone, Taboo, Ruoye, Langqiong and Sinoden. Fan Chuo's Schumann said: There is a Jino Deng Jing in Jianchuan. According to Mr. Fang Guoyu's notes, Jinuo Deng Jing is now Nuodeng Well in Yunlong County. Schumann wrote it in 863 AD. It can be seen that the name of Nuodeng Village has a history of 1 139 years. After Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the name Nuodeng has continued to this day.

In A.D. 1383, the Ming government set up four lifting departments in Yunnan, among which the lifting department of Wujing Salt Department was located in Nuodeng. The so-called five wells refer to Nuodeng, Shanjing, Shijing, Dajing and Shundang wells. According to Ming History? Records of grain and goods: Five Wells (Salt Division is subordinate to Salt Division 7, that is, in addition to the above five wells, there are two salt divisions: Mishajing in Jianchuan, Junmin House in Heqing and Lanzhou Well Salt Division in Lijiang. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there were three new wells in Yunlong, namely Shimen, Tianer and Jin Quan (now Baofeng). In A.D. 1393, Jason Wu Inspection Department was established in Norden. Wujing was appointed by the central authorities and generally promoted by villagers, such as Huang and Li in Nuodeng Village today. The ancestors were all promoted by mainland literati in the Ming Dynasty, and the descendants settled here. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanyang erected a monument for the Yellow Man in Nuodeng, and recorded that in A.D. 1466, Fujian native Huang was promoted by Jason Wu. After serving for 9 years, the task of Shundang well salt class was not completed, leaving his grandson to make up the salt class in Nuodeng and retreat to Fujian. Later, the Yamen of Tiju Division gradually evolved into the Huang family residence in Nuodeng Village, and the former site of Yamen was also transformed into the Huang Imperial Examination Inscription Workshop during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the evolution and development of Nuodeng Village depends entirely on the rise and fall of the salt industry economy. During Nanzhao period, the salt production in Xinuo Deng Jing had reached a considerable scale. By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Jason Wu had handed over more than 38,000 Liang salt to the central government. Li Yuanyang's Records of Jiajing Dali recorded that after five wells were opened, salt was divided, and the local well salt was used exclusively by Dali; Wujing Salt specializes in Yongchang. It can be seen that the salt produced in Wujing area such as Nuodeng has long been famous in western Yunnan. Notes in Yongzheng's Annals of Zhou Yunlong: Nuodeng and Shundang (the salt is salty, so it is not necessary to wash the stove, but it can be turned into sand. Baoshan and Tengchong have been fond of Nuo salt since ancient times because of their abnormal salinity. Due to the development of salt industry economy, Nuodeng Village once became one of the commercial centers in western Yunnan, and occupied an important position in the shops listed in Jiajing's Dali Mansion Records. Gunuodeng, Shangdao Post Road is located in Dali and Kunming in the east, Tengchong in Baoshan in the south, Pima in Liuku in the west and Lanping, Lijiang and Tibet in the north. At that time, merchants from all directions gathered, all walks of life were prosperous, everything was perfect, and goods flowed smoothly. The market in the village opens four times a month. On the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the streets are driven, and on the eighth and twenty-third days, the mountains are driven. Although the road is not wide, there are twenty or thirty shops on the north side of the hillside. Inno Deng is located in the valley, and multi-storey residential buildings with different styles can be seen everywhere on several hillsides. Courtyard forms, such as three squares and one wall, four entrances and five patios, five courtyards and one printed courtyard. Because of the steep mountain, the buildings and courtyards between the front and back homes are reconnected and terraced fields are connected, which is often the back door above the front home leading to the courtyard of the back home. The village road is paved with stone slabs. There are three steps, one step and five steps. No one can count how many steps there are in this village.

The oldest existing building in Nuodeng Village is Wanshou Palace. According to records, Wanshou Palace was built in Yuan Dynasty, which was the guild hall of businessmen from other provinces at that time. In the early Ming Dynasty, the guild hall was converted into a temple, formerly known as Zhu Shou Temple. There are poems in the existing inscriptions in the Ming Dynasty: dancing in the morning, listening to the sound of mountains for thousands of years. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the temple was renamed Wanshou Palace. From the evolution of Wanshou Palace, we can see the economic prosperity of Nuodeng since Song and Yuan Dynasties. This prosperity based on ancient production and circulation has greatly promoted the development of local social and cultural life. Although Yunlong is located in a remote place, the traffic is inconvenient, but the Ming and Qing dynasties are still full of style and talents. Nuodeng Village is the village with the largest number of imperial examinations in Yunlong (Nuodeng ranked second among the three in the Qing Dynasty, with many people, Gong Sheng and scholars. At present, more than 60 Gong Sheng and more than 500 scholars have verified the genealogy of several Norden families. For example, there is a surname Yang in the village called Yuan, who has been born for generations. During the reign of Kang Gan in Qing Dynasty, Huang Gui was a famous scholar in Nuodeng Village, and was praised as a scholar in central Yunnan. The earliest collection of poems in Yunnan, Selected Poems in Southern Yunnan, has selected several poems by Huang Gui. Under the influence of Confucian culture, Nuodeng's old customs of respecting Confucius are quite rich, and Nuodeng's Confucius Temple is beautifully built, especially Dacheng Hall, Tengjiao and Qixingmen. In the past, the annual activities of offering sacrifices to Confucius were very grand, and the traditional Confucianism was very obvious in Nuodeng Village.

Nuodeng villagers are known as Jiuyang and Eighteen Surnames. Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Nanjing, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanxi and other places have emigrated or moved for business or official reasons. After the integration with the local aborigines, the existing residents' families in Nuodeng Village have been formed. From the genealogical analysis, the ancestors of the first family living in Norden were cremated after their death. After several generations of integration with the indigenous residents, they not only maintained the traditional customs of the mainland, but also combined with the local main ethnic group Bai to form a new group. Therefore, since the Qing Dynasty, all Nuodeng villagers have become Bai residents, and they have maintained a complete Bai language and customs. For example, in terms of religious belief, the worship of Bai lords is still very influential in Nuodeng Village. Nuodeng's master was Wang Ji, the general of the third expedition to Luchuan in the Ming Dynasty, and he was called the master of Sanchong. In addition to the belief in the Lord, the characteristics of the integration of the three religions in Nuodeng Village are also very obvious. They believe in Buddhism and Taoism, especially in religious activities and temple architecture, and the characteristics of Taoism are more prominent. The temple architecture in Nuodeng Village reached its peak during the Kanggan period. Up to now, there are still Yuhuangge Temple Group, Lingxingmen Temple, Confucian Temple, Wumei Temple, Maitreya Temple, Xiangshan Temple, Guling Temple, Yunchong Temple, Kannonji Temple, Wang Mu Temple and Longwang Temple, as well as Wenchang Palace, Sanchong Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Kuixingge Temple, Caishen Temple and Guanguan Temple.

Religious integration and ethnic integration are the same. Judging from the cultural and ideological situation of Nuodeng Village, the integrity of the big family of the Chinese nation has been inseparable since ancient times. As far as its particularity is concerned, Nuodeng Village embodies the humanistic landscape with certain typical value in China's historical and cultural heritage.

Since 2002, due to the effect of famous historical and cultural villages, the development prospect of cultural tourism in Nuodeng Village has attracted wide attention. Leaders, experts and scholars from social sciences, culture, news and tourism who come to Nuodeng Village for investigation, research, exploration and sightseeing are in an endless stream, and domestic and foreign tourists are increasing day by day, pouring in in batches. Nuodeng, an ancient Millennium Bai village, has become a new one in Yunlong's economic and social development.