Cats immigrated to Australia.

Cats have been domesticated by humans for 3500 years (but not as thoroughly as dogs). Nowadays, cats have become a very widespread pet in families all over the world. Studies have shown that if cats don't eat mice, their night vision ability will decline and they will lose their ability to move at night for a long time. According to a study by the University of Heidelberg in Germany, there is a substance called taurine in mice, which can enhance the night vision ability of organisms, but cats can't synthesize this substance by themselves, so they can only supplement it by eating mice.

character trait

1. Sleeping

The cat sleeps for half a day. Cats sleep for 14- 15 hours, and some cats sleep for more than 20 hours, so cats are called "lazy cats". However, if you carefully observe the way a cat sleeps, you will find that as long as there is a little noise, the cat's ears will move, and if someone comes near, it will suddenly get up. At first, the cat was a terrible hunting animal. In order to keenly perceive all the movements of the outside world, it didn't sleep very hard.

wilful

The cat seems a little headstrong and bent on her own way. Originally, cats are animals that like to act alone, unlike dogs, which obey their owners' orders and act in groups. Therefore, it does not regard its master as a monarch, but does what it says. Sometimes, whatever you call it, it will ignore it. Cats and their owners are not master-slave relationships, so it is better to treat them as equal friends. It is this relationship that makes it unique. On the other hand, cats regard their owners as their parents, and like children, they love to be spoiled. When they feel lonely, they will climb on their master's knees, or jump on the open newspaper and sit around to show their charm.

3. Love cleanliness

Clean your kitten often. In many cases, they love licking their bodies and cleaning themselves. After dinner, it will wipe its beard with its front paws, lick its anus with its tongue after urinating, and lick its hair with its tongue after being held. This is the kitten removing the smell and dirt from her body. There are many rough protrusions on the cat's tongue, which is the most suitable tool to remove dirt.

Reaction and balance are second to none.

Walk gracefully and jump lightly on the high wall. Seeing the cat walking casually and jumping lightly on the high wall, I can't help but be impressed by its sense of balance. This is mainly due to the cat's outstanding reaction nerve and sense of balance. It only needs to change the position and height of its tail slightly to achieve the balance of its body, and then it can jump nimbly by using the strong muscles and strong joints of its hind feet. Even if you land in the air, you can change your attitude in the air and land lightly and accurately.

Good at climbing, but not good at falling from a height.

5. Cats talk to their owners by barking.

Communicating with cats Cats' barking can not only convey information, but also express feelings, so the owner can read it and communicate with it through observation and judgment. There are many kinds of cats, including those with poor mouths and those who love silence. We can't generalize. If we get along with them for many years, we can read every word of them.

6. Cats use their bodies to express language.

The so-called "cat body language" means that cats express their feelings and desires with their ears, tail, hair, mouth and body. If the cat is tired of being at people's feet and around, rub your head affectionately. If a cat rubs the smell of its mouth on you, it means that it wants to take you as its own. If the cat purrs in its throat, it means that it is in a good mood. If the cat bends its front foot inward like a duck hatching eggs, it means that it is at ease and dependent.

7. Cat's gratitude

Generally, cats will have a premonition that they are going to die before they die, and then they will go back to their owners' home to say goodbye, and then find a place where no one knows and die alone.

age

Cats can live for 8.9 years if they have nothing to do, and the longest is 36 years.

If your cat has a good sleep and a good snack spirit, it can live to nearly 12 years old (but generally speaking, it is rare).

[Edit this paragraph] Cat breeds

There are about 35 kinds of cats, and domestic cats mainly evolved from African wildcats. Cats live almost all over the world, from tropical rain forests to deserts, to the ice and snow in Siberia, and they are all their homes.

At present, there are four popular cat classification methods:

1, western species and exotic species (including siamese cats, oriental cats, etc. ). The widely popular classification of origin in the West.

2, purebred cats and hybrid cats. Classification according to the perspective of variety cultivation.

3. Domestic cats and wild cats. However, according to the living environment, there is no strict boundary between the two.

4. Long-haired cats and short-haired cats. Mainly classified according to the length of hair, for example, Persian cats and Himalayan cats are long-haired cats; Thai cats and Russian blue cats are short-haired cats.

There are many kinds of short-haired cats, almost all over the world. The main varieties are as follows:

Longli

China, civet cats, is the birthplace of civet cats. It belongs to a natural cat, which has been preserved by natural elimination of many varieties for thousands of years. People are most familiar with the story of "civet cats for princes" (Song Dynasty), which is also the earliest record of civet cats that can be found. Therefore, civet cats have such an English name Long Li, which was awarded by CAA Cat Association. It is very popular with people because it has beautiful, thick fur and healthy body. Easy to feed and very good at catching mice. However, due to the continuous introduction of foreign cats, there are few pure civets, so the majority of owners should not be deceived by thinking that all tabby cats are civets.

Appearance: Civet's head is round, the distance between two ears is not short, the size of ears is very suitable, with wide ear roots and deep auricles, and the tip is smooth. Civet cats have very wide cheeks, giving their heads a very smooth feeling. Its very big eyes are round and slightly inclined, and the colors range from yellow, gold to green. The color of the nose is brick red and black "strokes" The figure of civet is very moderate, not only wide in chest, but also deep and thick. Like the tail, the limbs are of moderate length, very suitable, strong and muscular. The impression left is that the figure is very strong, with a big round face, which matches the short people of the British.

Coat and coat color: Civet's coat consists of long protective coat and short fluff, which is short, hard, shiny and very smooth. Civet cats have very clear and obvious markings. The association only recognizes mackerel spots, preferably "broken mackerel tiger grouper", which is broken in the middle. People usually call it "Beaver Flower Stripe" because it is very similar to wild leopard cats (beavers). It has an M-shaped line on its forehead that all tabby cats have, and there will be an extended "eyeliner" at the corner of its eye. A necklace will appear on its neck, limbs and tail; Fish bone spurs (mackerel spots) (intact) or "spots" (broken mackerel spots) will appear on its body. Generally speaking, the color of stripes is black, and the background color of their coat is brown or dark brown, and there can be other colors; The hair below the neck and abdomen is grayish white or milky white. White patches are temporarily not allowed. The mackerel pattern mixed with each other is a bit like tiger skin. Under normal circumstances, its pads and brown hair are black. This kind of mark can hide it in the wild, so as to better hunt and avoid the harm of the enemy.

Personality: Civet cat is very independent, loves sports and is very cheerful. If the surrounding environment changes, it will be very sensitive It is highly dependent on its owner. If a new owner suddenly changes, his mind may become melancholy. Although adult cats don't like to play with people, they will walk around in your sight at any time. It is a very delicate animal, full of confidence in itself and loyal to its owner.

Feeding emphasis: in the family, the feeding problem of civets is very simple. It doesn't need much attention, as long as it has very clean water and suitable rations. This is a necessary condition for it to live a happy life. Cats have evolved for thousands of years, and ordinary small problems will not trap them because they have very high self-regulation ability. It is not afraid of cold weather.

Persian cat (Himalayan cat)

English name: Persian cat (monochrome cat)/long-haired cat (non-monochrome cat)/Himalayan cat (key color cat)

Himalayan cat

Persia is the name of ancient Iran. Persian cat is the most common and typical breed. In fact, Persian cats were born in 1860 after breeding in Britain for more than 100 years, based on the long-haired cats of ancient Persia (now Iran) and angola cat of Turkey or Armenia. Persian cat has a lovely baby face, long and gorgeous fur, elegant manners and high value. A purebred Persian cat can reach thousands of dollars and is one of the favorite cats of cat lovers in the world.

Appearance Persian cat is a pony, with a strong and round trunk, round head, face and limbs; Short and thick, with a short nose and big and round eyes. The coat is particularly plump. It is a double coat, which consists of two kinds of hairs: long soft fluffy underground fluff and slightly long rough mane (the mane of the best pure cat in the exhibition can reach 12 cm). From white to dark black; Graduated from silver-gray double layer to obvious tortoise shell color. Persian cats that meet the exhibition standards are extremely expensive.

Big or medium build. The chest is wide and deep. The middle part of shoulders and hips is plump. Keep your back straight and muscular, but not too fat.

The head is round and big, the skull is wide and the cheeks are full.

Small ears, round ears, lean forward. The bottom will not be too wide; The distance between the two ears is wide, located at the lower position of the head and connected along the circular line of the head.

Eyes are big and round; Eyes are bright. Eyes wide open, looks very cute.

The nose is short, flat and wide. In Britain, the tip of the nose must be lower than the lower lip.

The chin is full, firm and round, well developed, showing a good occlusion state.

The limbs are short and stout. Forelegs straight. From the back, the hind limbs are straight.

The soles of the feet are strong, round and big, and the toes are close together; The forelimbs have five toes and the hind limbs have four toes.

The tail is short, but proportional to the body.

Fur has double hairs. The undercoat is thick and covered with long and smooth waterproof undercoat. In winter, the thick undercoat grows completely, so the undercoat in winter is fuller than that in summer. The quality and type of undercoat are the most important, but the color and pattern are not very important.

Accustomed to Persian cats, they are smart, gentle, responsive and considerate. Temperament is static outside and dynamic inside, the surface is quiet and lazy, but there are emotions hidden inside, longing for the care of the master. Set the excellent temperament of pets in one, elegant, quiet and lovely, optimistic, honest to people, easy to communicate. And a famous rat catcher. Persian cats are slender and beautiful, and have strong adaptability to the environment. But in summer, I hate being hugged and like sleeping on the floor alone.

Burmese cat. Burmese cat

Origin: Myanmar. In the early 1930s, Dr. Joseph Thomson of San Francisco, USA, got a beautiful peach-brown female cat from Myanmar. He named it "Wang Mao". At that time, because he didn't get a male cat of the same breed, he had to mate with a Siamese cat. After mating with Siamese cats, this unique breed-Burmese cats was established. In the process of breeding, some kittens with light fur will be obtained, and American breeders ask CFA of the United States to confirm these faded colors. At first, these faded cats were listed as another species of Malaya cats, and later they became diluted parts of Burmese cats.

Appearance characteristics Burmese cats are plump and muscular; Slender limbs, forelimbs shorter than hind limbs; The claws are small and oval; Tail length is moderate. The head is moderately wedge-shaped, with high cheekbones and a slightly shorter nose. The upper orbit of the eyes droops upward, the lower orbit is round, and the eyes are yellow; Ear size is moderate, and the tip of the ear is slightly oval; The coat is short and dense, round and shiny, and smooth as satin, which is cherished by people.

Medium build, muscular and strong. Muscular, short and symmetrical limbs, large and round claws.

No matter from the front or side, the head is round; The mask is short and wide, well developed, and the chin is firm and round, reflecting a good occlusion state.

Thin ears, basically short ears. The connector has a wide position, a round ear tip and a slightly downward position.

Eyes are big and round, with wide spacing.

The position where the nose is obviously depressed

The soles of the feet are round. Five toes on the forelimbs and four toes on the hind limbs.

Tail trimmed straight, medium length.

The fur is short and dense with silky luster.

Coat color 1. Sable 2. Champagne 3. Blue number four. Platinum.

I'm used to Burmese cats not being as noisy as Siamese cats. They are gentle, naughty and lively, and their calls and movements are lovely. I like the company of others and am not afraid of strangers.

Turkey angola cat Turkey angola cat

CFA cat originated in Turkey, angola cat, and Turkey is one of the oldest long-haired cat breeds, named after the old name of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. /kloc-entered Italy and France in the 6th century, and then entered Britain. It was the earliest and most popular long-haired cat breed in Europe at that time. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, its status gradually declined due to the appearance of Persian cats. 1963 first arrived in the United States, made a comeback, reappeared various cat exhibitions, and was once again favored by people. 1970 has formulated its standard, which has been recognized by many cat associations.

Appearance features Turkish angola cat is a mixed-race body with a long head and an improved wedge shape; Almond-shaped eyes, big upright ears, and decorative hair growing on the ears are very distinctive. The back is undulating, the limbs are tall and thin, and the toes are covered with hair. The tail hair is fluffy, and sometimes it can reach the back of the head. The elegant and supple appearance makes the whole body exude a smooth and dynamic aesthetic feeling.

Personality likes intelligence, agility, independence and initiative. Kittens like to play around. Easy to train. Not too afraid of water, but like it.

The head is small to medium, tapering to the cheeks, wedge-shaped and smooth. The nose is of medium length, straight nose and soft lines. A straight line from forehead to tip of nose. The muzzle lines are smooth.

Ears are large and erect, with sharp ends and wide bases, and there are decorative hairs in the ears.

Big eyes, almond-shaped, eyes slightly drooping. Eyes are blue, amber, golden yellow and different colors.

Medium-sized, slender and slim, with large back ups and downs; Chest compact and thin, waist high. A thin neck and a beautiful figure. Fine bones and strong muscles.

The limbs are tall and thin, the length is in harmony with the body proportion, and the hind limbs are longer than the forelimbs.

Toes are small, round and compact, with decorative hair between them.

The tail is long, pointed and furry.

The coat is covered with a medium-long single-layer coat, which is delicate and not tangled, feels silky and shiny, and allows a small amount of waves. The hair is long and the tail hair is fluffy and dense.

The previous coat color standard only recognized white, the coat was white and monochrome, there was no spot, and the nose and toes were pink. Now, apart from white, red, blue and black, silver tiger spots are recognized.

Disadvantages: the nose mirror and toes are not pink, and the bite is not correct (not scissors bite). Short and fat body, abnormal twisted tail and winking outside the standard color are all inferior products. Cross-eyed is not allowed.

Turkey Vatican cat Turkish van

1955, British cat lovers saw a cat playing with water on Lake Van Gogh in Turkey and brought it back to feed. Turkish Van Gogh is a variant of angola cat, strictly speaking, a variant of angola cat. 1969 was recognized as an independent species, which gradually multiplied and was certified by the International Cat Association.

Appearance Features The appearance of the Turkish Vatican cat is very similar to that of angola cat. Particularly tenacious, good environmental tolerance, very lively. Although it was once considered aggressive, through the efforts of breeding experts, the behavior of this species has become very friendly, especially to other cats. Conceited, playful, with strong personality and rich feelings, he often shows possessiveness to his master. She is a good companion, and her voice is a little louder. Can adapt to apartment life. But a big yard with water environment is better. Growth retardation takes three to five years to reach full adulthood. Usually you can comb your hair once a week, and you need to increase it in early summer. The Vatican cat in Turkey has thick, silky fur, but it doesn't have any internal fluff. In winter, its coat color can completely rival the long hair of BT family; In summer, the coat gradually falls off.

Personality preference is different from other cats. Cats especially love to play in the water, and even go swimming in shallow water. After coming out of the water, the water on her body is easily drained. Smart, alert, lively, like playing and climbing. The cry is sweet and pleasant, and it is friendly to people.

Slender figure, muscular trunk.

The head is short and wedge-shaped.

Ears are hairy.

Eyes are round and amber.

The nose is slender and the end is colored.

Limbs are of moderate length

The claws are small, round and pink.

The tail is long and hairy, and there should be several circles of deep golden brown hair at the tail.

The fur is long and shiny, with white tones and some golden-brown markings on the front of the ear; The tail also has black stripes.

The coat color is white, with golden brown markings on the face and tail.

Note that the acceptable colors of hybrid varieties are not allowed as follows:

Beige cat (Beige stripes contrast with white chalk fur. The vertical white spot on the face extends all the way to the nose, dividing the color on the head in half. The color area of the head is only above the eyes and cannot extend beyond the roots of the ears. The ear itself is white, and the inside of the ear is yellowish pink. The tail should be pure milky yellow and can extend slightly to the back. )

Red-brown cats (stripes are very important, and the red-brown hair area on the head is limited to the top of the eyes and cannot extend behind the ears. The nose is white, and the clear vertical white spots divide the reddish brown on the head in half, and the tail is also reddish brown. )

There are more than three plaques on the body. No flame marks on his face. Speckle distribution is uneven. The color of the tail starts too early on the back.

In addition, there is an all-white cat named Turkey Vankedisi. As for whether the Vatican cat is still entangled ~

Bengal cat

It has the blood of Asian leopard cat (civet cat), which is the most expensive one among cats, and can generally sell for 50,000 to 60,000 yuan.

1, overview: country of origin: USA

Ancestor: hybrid breeding of Asian leopard cat

Origin: 1963

Medium to large. Weight: 5.5 to 9 kg. Long and strong. The skeleton is strong. Short coat.

2. Head: quite large, with an arc outline. Grow wider than. There is a gentle curve transition from forehead to bridge of nose. High and conspicuous cheeks. Full and wide nose and mouth. Large and wide nose with concave curve. The chin is obvious.

3, ears: small and medium, wide base, round ear tip, leaning forward. There should be no tufts of lynx at the tip of the ear.

4, eyes: large, oval, large spacing, the tip of the eye slightly inclined to the bottom of the ear. All colors are acceptable except blue and light green.

5. Neck: long, thick, muscular and strong. Length is proportional to body length.

6. Body: long, big and powerful, but not oriental. Strong bones and muscular.

7. Legs and claws: Legs are of medium length. The hind legs are slightly longer than the front legs. The bones are strong and thick. Big, round claws. Black foot pads.

8. Tail: medium length, thick, tapering to the tail tip, and the tail tip is round.

9. Coat: short and delicate. Thick, good, very soft. Colors include: black (unrecognized); Brown tiger spots (different shades of background); Silver tiger spot (unidentified); Snow-white cats (lynx/mink) have spots or granite patterns and blue eyes (mink cats have green eyes, but mink cats don't recognize them).

Russian Green Embryo Cat/Russian Blue Cat Russian Blue

This blue cat, once known as Archie Angie in history, was brought to England by ship in the17th century and was almost extinct during World War II. Russian blue cat is slender, its head seems to be composed of several planes, its forehead is flat, and it looks like a snake from the side, so it is called "cobra's head". All wrapped in a silver green Miki Sayaka. It has slender limbs, narrow face, very thin big ears and double short hair. Cats are introverted and docile, and will never bark. Big, upright, pointed ears, small, round feet, walking like tiptoe. Wearing a short coat with silver-blue luster, coupled with a slender figure and a light gait, shows the aristocratic style of a cat.

Russian blue cats are quiet, shy, shy and unwilling to go out. Soft and sweet, affectionate and docile, very trusting in the master, like to please the master. And can live in peace with other pets at home, easy to raise, is a very popular family pet.

Russian blue cats have a long history. Their ancestor "Archie Anji Blue Cat" was brought to England from Russian ports as early as17th century. After World War II, the number of Russian blue cats dropped sharply. In order to restore their population, the breeder crossed them with Siamese cats, which made the appearance of Russian blue cats have some oriental sentiment. Because our ancestors originated in the cold Siberian region, they are called "Winter Spirit" in many places. Although some people say that its name comes from northern Europe and northern Russia, the correct origin is still a mystery. However, the debate on cultivated varieties in Britain has become a final conclusion. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the cat first appeared at the cat show. At that time, the body was close to a short body; But after World War II, they often mated with Siamese cats and became slim. However, since 1960 s, there is a tendency to return to the original shape.

Body shape: slender and elegant body, with oriental flavor, strong bones and simple and gorgeous coat. Short hair, with velvet texture and feel, inner fluff can resist cold, gray, blue-gray, looks like mink-like silver-gray luster, so it is called Russian blue cat. The head is short and wedge-shaped. The middle length of the bridge of the nose is basically in a straight line with the forehead, and the eyes are almond-shaped and the color is green. Ears are wide, upright and transparent. Slender limbs and round claws. Long and smooth, tapered.

Personality characteristics: quiet and serene, gentle and slightly shy, high IQ. I like apartment life, but I can also adapt to the cold environment.

Daily management: Although it is a short-haired cat, you should always comb your fur and keep it shiny. Cats like a quiet family and are best for quiet old people.

Russian blue cat is also called "the aristocrat of short-haired species" and "the essence of winter". Native to the white sea coast or Scandinavia.

In addition: black and white, from Australia, not accepted, extremely rare.

sphynx

Alias (very informal) Canadian hairless cat

Originated in Canada

Hairless class

Medium slender type

Appearance: The cat has no hair except the ears, mouth, nose, front end of tail and feet.

Characteristic skin is wrinkled and elastic. Compared with other cats, it sweats more and has more oil. The head is wedge-shaped and the tail is slender. Muscular, touch body temperature is higher than other cats.

Eyes are round and slightly oblique, mostly blue and gold.

Big ears.

Accustomed to Sphinx cats, they are very honest, extremely tolerant, easy to get close to people, interesting and loyal to their owners. Because it is love sweating, you should pay attention to giving it a bath frequently when raising it.

[Edit this paragraph] Evolutionary history

Unlike dogs, cats are self-domesticated animals.

Wolves can adapt to human life at first because their social behavior matches human beings in many ways. Cats are different from humans. They are solitary hunters with fixed territory, and most of them are active at night. However, it was their hunting behavior that first brought cats into contact with human environment, and their strong instinct to protect territory drove them to appear in the same place.

The history of domesticating cats is much later than that of dogs. This period may not be earlier than 7000 BC, when crescent-shaped rice granaries were formed in the Middle East due to the prosperity of agriculture. The appearance of houses, barns and grain shops provides a new living environment for small mammals such as mice, which are just the ideal prey for small wild cats. From the beginning, people and cats have established a mutually beneficial relationship: cats get rich food sources, while humans get rid of annoying rodents. At first, the existence of these wild cats may not be accepted or even encouraged by humans, and some food will be thrown from time to time. Just like wolves, some tame wild cats were gradually absorbed into human society, resulting in the earliest semi-domesticated cats.

It is almost certain that domestic cats are descendants of all small wildcats in Europe, Africa and South Asia. In this vast area, according to the local environment and climate conditions, countless sub-populations of wild cats have evolved. Their appearances are different. European wildcats living in the north have strong bodies, short ears and thick fur. African wildcats are more slender, with long ears and long legs; Asian wildcats living in the south are small and spotted.

The original ancestor of domestic cats is probably African wildcats, because African wildcats are only slightly bigger than domestic cats and have a gentler temperament than other wildcats. African wildcats often appear near human settlements, are easy to domesticate and are often kept as pets by local residents. After domestic cats are brought around the world, they may mate with local wild cats and become the ancestors of modern domestic cats in different regions. At present, the fur lines of European domestic cats with dark stripes have the characteristics of both European wild cats and African wild cats, while the spots on domestic cats living in India indicate that their ancestors are related to Asian wild cats. The hybridization between domestic cats and other wild cat breeds, such as jungle cats, is unlikely to have a significant impact on the mainstream breeds of domestic cats.

After thousands of generations of reproduction, the physiological changes caused by domestication have also occurred in cats, similar to dogs. Including smaller body, shorter claws, smaller brain and cranial cavity, posture of stretching ears and tail, and color and texture of fur have also changed. However, unlike dogs, cats maintain a great degree of independence in human society, so they rarely form certain behavioral characteristics that human beings need because of selective external pressure. Therefore, compared with their ancestors, domestic cats have little change in appearance, which is difficult to distinguish in early archaeological discoveries.

The remains of cats have been found near different prehistoric human sites, including the Neolithic site in Israel about 9000 years ago and the Indian Valley site in Pakistan about 4000 years ago. However, these wrecks are probably wild cats killed for fur or meat. Interestingly, the remains of cats and mice 8,000 years ago were found on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, which can only be brought to the island by human immigrants. Although these cats may not have been fully domesticated, they were deliberately brought to the island to deal with rodents.

[Edit this paragraph] Cats and people

As docile, intelligent and lively animals, cats have a long history as family pets, especially in Europe and America. At the beginning of the 20th century, an American zoologist invented the cat tree (cat climbing frame) for the first time in order to treat the increasingly serious domestic cat depression syndrome. Its patchwork spatial combination gives domestic pet cats free play space and stimulates their nature. The natural hemp rope on the product makes the cat feel the natural breath, and can keep the physiological habit of grinding claws without destroying furniture. Today, in many countries, some high-grade products have become standard household articles and handicrafts, which are combined with the owner's aesthetic taste and home style, so that cats and people can enjoy a high-grade life. Internationally renowned brands, such as Garfieldisland in Australia and Morden Cat in the United States, are all enterprises engaged in product research and development in this field, and cat trees and cat climbing frames are all important products.