Historical materials of Macao

Macau was one hundred in the pre-Qin Dynasty, and it has been the territory of China since the Qin Empire, belonging to Nanhai County. Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County in Guangzhou. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already a land composed of more than 100 islands. About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County.

In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), Xinhui County was abolished and changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year of Tang Zhide), Baoan County was abolished and changed to Dongguan County of Guangzhou. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here and made a living by fishing and farming. Guangzhou Road, the propaganda department of Guangdong Province, ruled Guangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and guangzhou fu in the Ming Dynasty. Before the end of Qing Dynasty, it belonged to guangzhou fu, ruled Zhaoqing by the road and ruled Guangzhou by the government.

Macao was under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province in the Ming Dynasty. 152 1 After losing the naval battle in Tuen Mun in, the Portuguese turned to Macau to look for territory. 1553, the Portuguese bribed Wang Bai, the deputy envoy of Guangdong Criminal Investigation Bureau in the Ming Dynasty, under the pretext of "borrowing land to dry goods", and was allowed to live in Macao Peninsula temporarily. 1557, the Ming dynasty set up a Japanese patrol series in Xiangshan county, commonly known as the Australian official yamen. In addition to paying the shipping tax to Guangdong Shipping Company in Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese also paid a bribe of 520 taels of silver every year to consolidate their position in Macao.

157 1 year, at the Guangzhou Fair, when the Portuguese paid 500 taels of silver to the island's envoy as usual, Guangdong's foreign minister was present. The translator only called the bribe "land rent silver" paid to the Ming government, and the bribed official only had to turn it over to the state treasury. Since then, Portuguese bribes have become land rent.

1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the handover ceremony venue of the new Macao port. The next morning (65438+February 2 1), the people of Macao welcomed the PLA troops stationed in Macao; At this point, People's Republic of China (PRC) officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.

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Geographical location of Macao:

Macao is located in the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary and in the low latitude area south of the Tropic of Cancer. It is adjacent to Gongbei, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province in the north, connected with Wanzai and Hengqin by Xijiang tributary, Neigang and Jiamakou waterway in the west, facing Lantau Island in Hong Kong in the east and Wanshan Islands in the south.

Macao includes Macao Peninsula in the north and outlying islands in the south. Macao's outlying islands are big island cities composed of Taizi, Lu Chao and Green Ring. The island was originally Prince Island and Coloane Island. However, after the road ring continuous highway project started, the seabed between the two islands became shallower and shallower, and the land beside the highway became more and more because of the large amount of sediment brought by reclamation and Xijiang River water flow.

In view of this, the Macao authorities planned a reclamation project, and the land obtained was Cao Lu City. In addition, since July 20, 20 13, the new campus of the University of Macau on Qinheng Island has been officially under the jurisdiction of the Macao Special Administrative Region, so some people think that the new campus of the University of Macau with an area of 1. 1 square kilometer belongs to Macao.

The topography of ancient Macao was basically hills, and hills and terraced granite fields were widely distributed, which constituted the main topography of Macao. There are few natural plains in Macao, mainly marine sediments in the middle of the peninsula, southeast and southwest of the road ring; Island sandbar between Taipa Mountain and Great tan shan; And the lotus stems on the peninsula caused by the connection between ancient Macao Island and the mainland. The reclamation project started at 1863, which is the main source of flat land for Macao. The reclamation project has greatly changed the outline of Macao today hundreds of years ago, and also made the coastline tend to be straight and tidy.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Macau