History of Ryukyu Island

Taiwan Province Province was also called Ryukyu in the Tang Dynasty, and the Ryukyu Islands here were also called Little Ryukyu. Taiwan Province Province is the territory of China, and Ryukyu was a subordinate country of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ryukyu has been a dependency of China for more than 500 years, but dependency does not mean territorial sovereignty. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Ryukyu belonged to Nanman area of Kyushu, and became independent. In the late Qing Dynasty, Japan annexed Ryukyu by force. 1972 Ryukyu is managed by Japan.

129 1 year, Yuan Shizu sent Yang Xiang, a deputy household, to crusade against Ryukyu, but failed to reach China. Subsequently, in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1296), Yuan Chengzong once again dispatched Mindu to appease Zhang Hao and led the water army to attack Ryukyu. The Chinese refused to fight together, and the Yuan soldiers robbed more than 120 people and returned.

Zhang Hao is also from China. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's genealogy: In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty, Xin Mao (sai-jo destroyed the Song Dynasty and changed the name of the world to Dayuan), sai-jo changed "begging" to "begging" and sent Yang Xiang, a deputy household, to lead six thousand troops. Send a letter to Jin Fu and surrender to our country. Yang Xiang went abroad and met a mountain army. The war was a little frustrated, but it didn't bring it back to China.

In the second year of Yuan Zhen, Bing Shen (the ancestor of his ancestors collapsed, became the heir to the throne, and changed to Yuan Zhen) said happily in Pingzhang, Fujian: "If you don't do what he asks, you should send troops to attack him." Zhang Hao, the provincial capital of overseas Chinese, arrived in China with his troops. At that time, our subjects were deeply immersed in Wang Hua, and they were all committed to patriotism. Seeing the invasion of Yuan soldiers, the people of China united and refused to surrender. Zhang Hao is at the end of his rope. He came back with 130 prisoners.

The imperial edict of Ming Taizu in the Ming Dynasty to establish the Yuan Dynasty: "When I ascend to the throne for my subjects, I will have the titles of" Daming "and" Jianyuan Hongwu ". Is to send envoys abroad, tell me what I want, envoys will come, barbarian leaders will pay tribute. Ryukyu, southeast of Ming Dynasty, far from overseas, has not been reported. I'm sending you a message, you know. " Ming Taizu called Ryukyu a foreigner to show that it was not the territory of the Ming Dynasty. Do all countries that can be called "foreign countries" have indigenous territories belonging to the Ming Dynasty? Could it be that the "son of heaven" is "ruling the world" and all the land in the world belongs to the Ming Dynasty? Is it feudal superstition? But Ming Taizu is a reasonable man and will not do what Yuan invaders did. In fact, the "foreigners" here in Ming Taizu have pointed out that it is not the land of the Ming Dynasty.

According to the history of Ryukyu Kingdom and various historical records, since the 16th year of Hongwu (1383), all Ryukyu Kings have established trade relations with China, just like China's diplomatic relations with North Korea. This relationship lasted for five centuries. In the 14th year of Japan's National Day (1609), Japan's Samoan (now Kagoshima Prefecture) recovered Ryukyu, and Ryukyu countries still maintained trade relations with China under the restriction of Samoan. In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392), Zhu Yuanzhang "gave Fujian people thirty-six surnames" and put them in the storage of Mi Island. These immigrants from China mainly taught Ryukyu the culture and technology of the Ming Dynasty in an attempt to assimilate Ryukyu people. Ryukyu Kingdom was forced to accept the "gift" from the Ming government. For example, in 1606, when King Shang Ning was enfeoffed, he was forced to naturalize the Ming people. For example, Chua Meier from China is a descendant of Cai Xiang, while Lin is a descendant of the family. At the same time, the Ryukyu King was ordered to send his children to study in China.

This suzerain-vassal relationship was established from 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty). At that time, the Ming dynasty named Ryukyu King as the county king (both Korea and Japan were princes), which lasted for more than 200 years. In the early Qing Dynasty 1646, the Qing Dynasty sent an imperial edict to Ryukyu, and the King of Ryukyu sent envoys to pay tribute to China, which was received by the emperor shunzhi. At that time, the Qing emperor. 1663 (the second year of Kangxi) and 1756 (the twenty-first year of Qianlong), the Qing emperor gave the seal to the Ryukyu king twice, and the seal given by Qianlong was written with the words "Ryukyu king seal". Shang Dynasty paid tribute to China, following the culture of Han and Tang Dynasties. 1In May, 875, Japanese troops invaded Ryukyu, forcing the king of Ryukyu to stop paying tribute to China. In June, Ryukyu was forced to change the Japanese year number in order to eliminate the traces of the "suzerain-vassal relationship" in the middle reaches. Unable to bear the Japanese recovery, the Ryukyu King sent Purple Scarf Officer (second-class rank) to China in April 1877 to present the country to Zheng. What the Qing court sent to Japan to negotiate was fruitless. 1879 In March, the Japanese government sent troops to occupy Ryukyu, and on March 30, it officially declared Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture. 1On July 3rd and 23rd, 879, the King of Ryukyu ordered Purple Towel Officer Xiang Dehong to visit Li Hongzhang twice in Tianjin, demanding that the Qing government punish Japan. On October 24th, 65438/KLOC-0, Mao Jingchang, the eyes and ears officer of Ryukyu (first-class officer) and others went to the yamen of the Premier of Beijing to "kneel down and weep for blood", hoping that the Qing government could save Ryukyu on the basis of "showing mercy to the vassal for two hundred years". Although the Qing government once again negotiated with Japan, Ryukyu was finally occupied by Japan because of Japan's arrogance and the weakness of the Qing government.

Since the Ming Taizu period, envoys have been sent to Ryukyu, that is, envoys specially conferred on behalf of the central government at that time. The Ming and Qing Dynasties sent envoys to Ryukyu 24 times. The Ryukyu King was canonized by the imperial court, so he had an orthodox and legal status. The scroll "The Envoy of China", which describes China's envoys, their spectacular team and serious scenes, is still preserved in the Okinawa Prefectural Museum in Naha. There are a lot of records about Ryukyu in history books. At that time, most Japanese people's understanding of Ryukyu came from the records of Ryukyu envoys written by conferring envoys. Among them, the biography of Zhongshan 17 19 written by Xu Baoguang during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty had a great influence in Japan at that time. Translation into Japanese has become an important source of information for Japanese people to understand Ryukyu. The last seal was 1866.

1853 When the United States and the Ryukyu Kingdom signed an unequal treaty, Ryukyu and the United States used some China people as a courtesy to China, using the title of "Xianfeng" in the Qing Dynasty. After the defeat of the Qing court in the Sino-Japanese War, Japan occupied Ryukyu to 1945 and was later occupied by the US military. After the war, the United States had long taken Ryukyu as its own, banned the Japanese Showa year number in the local area, and introduced the English writing system appropriately. Ryukyu Islands was an independent country in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, among which the Ming and Qing Dynasties was a subordinate country of China.

The name of Ryukyu comes from two sources: one is the theory of "Taiwan Province Province". In the middle and late 6th century, the emperor ordered Yu to ride Wei Zhukuan to the sea to visit overseas customs. Today, when I went to Nagano Island (southwest of Diaoyu Island 170 km), I saw a pearl-like island floating on the sea. "If a dragon floats on the water", I named it Liu Qiu. When compiling Sui books in the Tang Dynasty, in order to avoid the emperor's taboo, this place was renamed Liuqiu, which means Taiwan Province Province. When Zhu Yuanzhang arrived, this place was named Ryukyu, which means glazed jade and pearl ball, showing its magnificent scenery.

The second is the theory of "staying and seeking". In Soul Collection compiled by Japanese monk Shinji in the second year of He Cheng in Japan (835) and the ninth year of Tang Xuanzong in Japan, Ryukyu is called "seeking to stay", which means that people want to stay when wandering at sea. Pronunciation is "Ryukyu". In fact, the name and explanation of "Liuqiu" originated from Japanese Baekje monks in the period of Emperor Tuguhun (Sui Dynasty in China). Later, because of Jian Zhen's eastward crossing, he stayed on this island, and then "stayed for begging", that is, stayed for pursuit.

The Japanese biography of Tang Dahedong recorded in Tian Pingsheng Bao's five years (753) that Jian Zhen, a monk who was determined to spread Buddhism eastward, "went to Arjuna Napo Island in one or two boats on the 21st" and stayed on the island for more than half a month. "Ayunabo" is pronounced "OKNAWA" in Japanese, which is now Okinawa.

According to the 620th and 629th articles written in the eighth year of Tang Kaiyuan (720), it was recorded that "nine people from the second field came to Izushima" and "nine people from the field joined the field" respectively. According to textual research, the "night long" or "night sentence" in Japanese chronicles is Yakushima in Okinawa.

Western scholars put forward another view that the ancient Ryukyu residents may have come from Indonesia or Australia and belonged to Malays. Based on the study of genetic factors, Japanese scholars believe that Ryukyu people may be of the same origin as Ainu people and Yamato people (also descendants of rope scholars). Please refer to: