Does Jack the Ripper really exist?

There are many same modus operandi as the first case in Jack the Ripper, and this series of murders is considered to be committed by the same person. Jack the Ripper appeared much later because of their modus operandi, but this is only a metaphor for later generations.

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A serial murder in Whitechapel

1August 7, 888, a hot summer night. A worker found a female corpse in an alley near Whitechapel in east London, with 39 knives on her body, 9 of which were cut from her throat. The deceased's name was Martha Turner, who was in her late forties. She was a prostitute, addicted to alcohol and lived in the local area for thirteen years.

At 3: 45 am on August 3rd1,a coachman who was about to go to work found Mary Ann Nichols, a 43-year-old prostitute, lying in a pool of blood in a desolate warehouse area half a mile away (now called Deward Street, located behind the Whitechapel subway station 100 yards away). It was not until the autopsy that afternoon that the unusual thing about this murder case was discovered. The face of the deceased was badly bruised, the neck was cut twice, some front teeth fell off, the lower abdomen and genitals were poked, and the intestines were pulled out of the abdominal cavity. The forensic doctor judged it to be a thin knife of six to eight inches.

The East End of London has always been notorious, and there are dragons and snakes around Whitechapel, which is also known as the "East End of the East". However, although local crimes are frequent, there are few fatal murders, let alone such shocking and cruel cases as Marianne's. After Marian's tragic death was made public, the media began to call it "Whitechapel murder" together with Marta's murder and another local murder earlier that year, believing that the murderer was the same person, and made a lot of reports on the murderer's means of committing crimes. The images and voices of the media make local residents feel uneasy. Women in ordinary families are still afraid to walk at night. Policemen in plain clothes patrol everywhere, and residents have set up their own patrol teams. The media have speculated whether the murderer will commit another crime after taking these emergency measures.

At 5: 45 am on September 8, the old driver living on the third floor of a cheap hotel-style apartment almost fainted when he saw a female body lying by the fence in the backyard. The police later investigated and proved that the 47-year-old deceased Annie Chapman was another prostitute; The neck was cut, laparotomy was performed, and the intestines were scattered on the left chest. There was no sign of struggle before death. The autopsy found that some genitals and urinary organs of the deceased were missing, and it was judged that the murder weapon knife was similar to the previous case. At one o'clock in the morning on September 30, the horse driven by coachman Louis hesitated on a dark road near his home. Louis polished a match and saw a woman lying on the ground. After careful study, he was surprised to find another female body. The deceased was Elizabeth strand, a 44-year-old Swedish prostitute. Her throat was cut, but there was no laparotomy. She died because her left carotid artery was cut off and she lost a lot of blood. Next to the morgue (40 Berner St) is a normal Jewish gathering place. At the time of the incident, dozens of Jews gathered in the club, and no one found anything unusual outside the house. While a large number of policemen were concentrated in the area around the murder scene, and there were many different views on the murderer's tactics, at 1 45 am, a patrolman found another female body in a bag-shaped Aldgate hundreds of yards away. The corpse was disfigured by laparotomy and some kidneys were missing. According to the description of the police, there was nothing unusual when he 1: 30 patrolled this place. Without exception, the deceased was a prostitute: Catherine Edworth, 46 years old.

Jack the Ripper Jack the Ripper

On September 27th, a news agency received a letter written in red ink and covered with fingerprints. The screenwriter jokingly indicated that he was the murderer of serial murders in a non-working class tone, and signed Jack the Ripper; 1 October1day, the same company received another postcard judged to be the same person. The police did not take this clue seriously and thought it was just one of many pranks at that time (the discussion about the "authenticity" of these two letters was inconclusive in later research). However, through media reports, the name of "Jack the Ripper" has spread like wildfire; The whole of London, Britain and even the whole world began to call him the murderer of the Whitechapel serial murder. Jack, who is extremely bloodthirsty and abnormal, is not satisfied at this time 1 1 at 0: 45 on the morning of 9th 10, the landlord called someone to collect the rent of Mary Carey (who lives at No.9 Miller Villa), and she has been dragging it for six weeks. When the trustee knocked on Mary's door, no one answered. When he found the door locked, he looked into the room through the window and suddenly saw a hellish scene on earth. Mary was lying naked on the bed in a pool of blood, with her nose, ears and breasts cut off, some skin on her face and lower abdomen cut off, her internal organs cut off and scattered on the bed and bedside table, and the walls were covered with blood. The police later determined that the murderer committed the crime for at least two or three hours, making the deceased the worst of the above murders. Mary Kerry, 26, of Irish origin, separated from her former cohabitant a few days before her death. She is the youngest and most beautiful victim of serial murder, and the only one who has a fixed residence.

After the Mary Carey case, Jack the Ripper seems to have begun to disappear; The same technique has not appeared in London for several years. Analysis of this series of cases, we can sum up many of the same characteristics as follows:

1- All the victims are cheap prostitutes at the bottom of society, except mary carey, who has no fixed residence.

2- Most of the victims are married and have children. Later, they left their families and wandered around East London, and they all had cohabitants.

3- All the victims had moderate to severe alcoholism; Alcoholism is often the reason why these victims leave their families.

4- Except the case of Mary Kerry, all the victims in other murders were seen walking in the street an hour or two before the body was found, and they were all drunk. Catherine Aidan was detained for drunkenness and disorderly conduct on the night of the murder. She was released from the police station at 1 am and found dead in the street at 1 45.

5- Except for the case of Mary Kerry, a neighbor heard a woman cry for help at 3 am, "Murder!" (Murder), although other murders took place not far from the thoroughfare and there were many houses nearby, they all seemed to be quiet when they happened.

6- The police found that the victims of murder showed no signs of strong struggle before they died.

7- Within 30 minutes to 2 hours before each murder, witnesses witnessed the deceased talking with a strong and dignified man in his thirties, who had to wear a hat.

At that time, the police, who invested a lot of manpower, were deeply helpless about this series of murders with unknown motives, no traces of crime and only contradictory eyewitness testimony. At that time, fingerprints had not been used to handle cases, forensic medicine was rough, and the police who handled cases on a daily basis were not even sure what class should be taken as the focus of investigation (it is the traditional case-handling mode in a society with distinct classes to confirm the class affiliation of suspects first). Faced with this unprecedented hot potato, the police's ability to handle cases has been criticized, and even Queen Victoria questioned the police's efficiency in handling cases, which led to changes in the top management of the police station. After the popularity of the media subsided, the police decided to stop investigating the 1892 Whitechapel serial murder.

Who's Jack the Ripper?

After the successive murders in Whitechapel, the police made no progress in handling the case. When local residents living in fear meet men with slightly suspicious appearance and behavior, they will shout to the masses to hand them over to the police station, but most of these so-called suspects are immediately recovered by the police after interrogation. After several murders, according to the knife method and the time of the murder, the forensic autopsy thought that the murderer should have anatomical knowledge; One hundred yards away from Marianne's body is the huge building of the Royal Hospital in London, so there are rumors that the murderer may be a nearby doctor. Several local doctors were even detained by plainclothes police for a long time. Therefore, until recently, in the film, Jack the Ripper was portrayed as a mysterious man dressed in black, with surgical instruments in his hand, walking into the darkness on the foggy East Street.

At that time, there was a chauvinistic idea that Jack the Ripper, who was cruel and abnormal, must not be a native of Britain, so the suspect pointed the finger at immigrants. Because of the anti-Semitic complex of residents in the East District at that time, Jewish immigrants living in the East District at that time were most often suspected to be involved. In addition, there have been rumors that a Russian Anna moved to Paris in the 1970s, then went insane, murdered several prostitutes and was put in a mental hospital. However, in 1988, the serial murder case was judged to have been cured by the hospital before it was released and transferred to East London. After the murder, there was no trace.

After World War I, specialized books on Jack the Ripper began to appear in Britain (the first book was The Mystery of Jack the Ripper published by Leonard Matters in 1929). Since then, the upsurge of studying and trying to find out who Jack the Ripper is has been going on, and even some terms such as "ripperology" and "ripperologist" have appeared, and the publication of related books has been overwhelming. These studies have found dozens of suspicious "Jack", but most of them are actually only speculations with extremely weak evidence. Among them, the "royal conspiracy theory", which has become the reasoning habit of some modern British people, involves the Duke of Clarence, the grandson of Queen Victoria, who might have become king, but died of influenza in 1893; It is said that he secretly married a low-level social painting model and had children. The serial murders were made by members of a secret society led by a noble to cover up this fact. Up to now, many people still think that Buckingham Palace has something to do with Jack the Ripper.

Jack may be a midwife?

Conan Doyle, who began to conceive a series of Sherlock Holmes stories shortly before the murder, claimed that according to his Sherlock Holmes reasoning, the murderer was a man disguised as a woman to avoid being seen by others. This "female connection" later developed into another theory, that is, Jack the Ripper may be a midwife, but there is a theory that Jack the Ripper is a woman.

1959, a secret police report 65 years ago was made public, which also caused an uproar. In this report 1894, the police chief who handled the case pointed out in a positive tone that there are three most likely suspects, namely/kloc-0, a 3/0-year-old lawyer who threw himself into the river at the end of 888,/kloc-0, a Polish Jew who died shortly after being sent to a mental hospital in March 889, and one. According to the follow-up study, it is not impossible for these three people to be Jack the Ripper, but the possibility is not too high.

Recently, there are two exquisite works that put forward two different theories. 1995, an American pointed out in his monograph on Jack the Ripper that the key to determining the murderer is the last case of serial homicide, because this case, as an open version, has some differences in characteristics from previous cases. Therefore, the author concludes that the Ripper is actually Yue Se Bennett, the cohabitant of the last victim, Mary Carey. Yue Se used to be a fishmonger, earning a lot of money. 1In July, 888, his fishmonger's license was revoked for stealing, and he made a living by doing odd jobs. Mary, who hasn't appeared in the street for a long time, had to return to her old job, because her cohabitant's income suddenly decreased, and she wanted to break up with Yue Se. According to the inference in the book, Yue Se first warned Mary by killing prostitutes one after another, and then angrily killed his girlfriend who had lived together for a year and a half in the most cruel way.

The authenticity of the mysterious diary

Another book published in 1998 with a thickness of more than 400 pages is related to Diary of Jack the Ripper, which was "discovered" in Liverpool in the early 1990s. 1in April, 1993, the local newspaper disclosed that someone had found an old leather diary with black gold edges. The author of the diary calls himself the mysterious Jack the Ripper. Influenced by the forgery of Hitler's diary, most "Ripper Scientists" at that time sneered at this diary and immediately thought it was another fake stunt. However, filmmaker Paul Feldman spent five years going through all the relevant documents and dated them in his diary. The first 48 pages were cut off by a knife, leaving only 63 pages of scribbled ink and paper. The conclusion is that neither he nor other experts can prove the authenticity of the diary. What is particularly convincing is that some statements in the diary were deliberately hidden by the police for the convenience of handling cases after the incident. These hidden parts were not made public until more than ten years ago, but the diary itself was written at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. The writer of the diary is james may Brick, a Liverpool businessman.

An eternal mystery

1 10 years later, the answer was finally revealed? Many "Ripper Scholars" said that some of their questions could not be answered satisfactorily. The mystery of Jack the Ripper's identity seems to have been solved in Liverpool, but like many answers in 1 10 years, this answer is still not recognized as the correct answer. Jack the Ripper, a mystery novel written by many people for more than 100 years, seems to continue to be written: solving a classic mystery in the history of world crime and finding a mystery that may never be determined.

How about solving the mystery? It's been over a hundred years, and the murderer is long dead.