Taiwan’s history and current situation

Taiwan is located on the continental shelf along the southeastern coast of mainland China, between 119°18′03″ and 124°34′30″ east longitude and 20°45′25″ and 25°56′30″ north latitude. . Taiwan borders the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart; the Bashi Strait to the south, about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; and the Taiwan Strait to the west, facing Fujian, with the narrowest point being 130 kilometers. Taiwan straddles the center of the Western Pacific Waterway and is an important transportation hub for maritime connections among countries in the Pacific region.

The Taiwan Strait runs from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long, 70 to 221 nautical miles wide, and has an average width of about 108 nautical miles. It is an important maritime transportation channel and an international maritime channel. Traffic arteries. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea pass here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia and Oceania to China's eastern coast also pass here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean to the Sea of ??Japan generally pass here.

Taiwan is located in the southeastern sea of ??China, covering an area of ??36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Island (an area of ??35,800 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Orchid Island, Pengjia Island, and Chiwei Island. The province is divided into 7 cities and 16 counties.

Taiwan Island is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two-thirds of the entire area. The Taiwan Mountain System runs parallel to the northeast-southwest direction of Taiwan Island and lies vertically east of the central part of Taiwan Island. It forms the topographic features of the island with mountains in the east, hills in the center, and plains in the west. Taiwan Island has five major mountain ranges, four major plains, and three major basins, namely the Central Mountain Range, Snow Mountain Mountain Range, Yushan Mountain Range, Alishan Mountain Range and Taitung Mountain Range, Yilan Plain, Chianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain. Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The Central Mountain Range runs from north to south. Yushan Mountain is 3,952 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in eastern my country. Taiwan Island is located in the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt and the Volcanic Belt. The crust is unstable and it is an area prone to earthquakes.

Taiwan’s climate is characterized by warm winters, hot summers, abundant rainfall, and frequent typhoons and rains in summer and autumn. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of Taiwan Island. The northern part has a subtropical climate and the southern part has a tropical climate. The average annual temperature (except mountains) is 22°C, and the annual precipitation is more than 2,000 mm. Abundant rainfall has created good conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 608 large and small rivers that flow into the sea alone, with rapid water flow, many waterfalls, and extremely rich water resources. Among them, the rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers include Zhuoshui River (186.4 kilometers), Gaoping River (170.9 kilometers), Tamsui River (158.7 kilometers), Dajia River (140.3 kilometers), Zengwen River (138.5 kilometers), and Wuxi (116.8 kilometers). kilometer).

Taiwan’s agricultural area accounts for about a quarter of the land area. It is rich in rice, with two to three crops a year. The rice is of good quality and has high yield; the main cash crops are cane sugar and tea. There are more than 90 varieties of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan is known as the "Fruit Kingdom" with a wide variety of fruits. The value of flower production is also considerable.

Taiwan’s recorded history can be traced back to 230 AD. At that time, Sun Quan, King of Wu of the Three Kingdoms, sent 10,000 officers and soldiers to "Yizhou" (Taiwan). Wu Shen Ying's "Linhai Land Chronicles" left the earliest record of Taiwan in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (589-618 AD), Taiwan was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty visited Taiwan three times. According to historical records, in 610 (the sixth year of Sui Dynasty), Han people began to immigrate to the Penghu area. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960-1368), there were already a considerable number of Han people in the Penghu area. After the Han people opened up Penghu, they began to develop into Taiwan and brought with them the advanced production technology of the time. In the middle of the 12th century AD, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian, and sent troops to guard it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan. The governments of the Yuan and Ming dynasties established an inspection department in Penghu, responsible for patrolling, detecting criminals, and also conducting salt classes. In the late Ming Dynasty, the scale of development became larger and larger. During the years of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming Dynasty government and the Zheng Zhilong Group once organized immigrants to Taiwan.