Italian-Turkish war: the plane went to the battlefield for the first time.

Italian-Turkish war: the plane went to the battlefield for the first time.

The Italian-Turkish War was a war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire in 19 1 1. In the end, Italy won, the Balkan war began, and the coastal areas of North Africa fell into the hands of Italy. ?

Italy has long had ambitions for Tripoli, the North African territory of the Ottoman Empire (1299 ~ 1922). The occupation of Tripoli is an important step for Italy to compete for hegemony in the Mediterranean and expand to North Africa. Its action was supported by Britain and France in advance. 19 1 1 year? Moroccan crises in July provided a favorable opportunity for the Italian attack.

1911On September 28th, the Italian government issued an ultimatum to Turkey on the grounds that its interests in Tripoli and cyrenaica were violated, demanding that Turkey agree to enter Tripoli, and declared war on Turkey the next day after being rejected.

After the war began, more than 20,000 Italian troops landed in Tripoli and controlled the coast with the cooperation of planes, and successively occupied Tripoli, Darna, Benghazi and other places. 165438+ 10 announced the annexation of Tripoli. 1912 in may, the Italian navy occupied Rhode island and some islands of Dodd-kanis off the Turkish coast.

1912 July ~ 10 Italy successfully launched an offensive in north Africa, just as the Balkan war was about to break out, forcing Turkey to make concessions. 1912 10/510, the two countries signed a draft peace treaty in Lausanne, and in June 18, the Italian-Turkish peace treaty was formally signed (see Treaty of Lausanne). Turkey renounced its sovereignty over Tripoli and cyrenaica, restored their old names to Libya, and admitted that Italy continued to occupy ZoZekany Sos Islands.

As a result of this conflict, the Italians seized the provinces of Tania, Faizan and cyrenaica in Tripoli, which later constituted Libya. During the conflict, Italian troops also occupied the Dodd kanis Islands in the Aegean Sea. In the Treaty of Uzi (known as the First Treaty of Lausanne) at 19 12, Italy agreed to return the Dodd kanis Islands. But the ambiguity of the text allows Italians to manage these islands.

Turkey finally gave up all the claims to these islands in Article 15 of the Treaty of Lausanne 1923. Article 2 of the Treaty of Ukraine stipulates that Osman should withdraw his troops and government representatives from Libya (refer to Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne 1923). Although small in scale, the Italian-Turkish War was an important prelude to the First World War. Because it triggered nationalism in Balkan countries. Seeing that Italy easily defeated the chaotic Ottoman, shortly after the end of the Italian-Turkish war, members of the Balkan Alliance launched an attack on the empire.

Many advanced technologies were used in the Italian-Turkish war, especially airplanes. 19110 year123 October, Italian pilots crossed the front line to carry out reconnaissance missions. 1 65438+1October1In Libya, bombs were dropped from the air to attack the Turkish army for the first time.

The "BE 2" aircraft produced by the Royal Aircraft Factory is the product of the growing military interest in aircraft. 19 12 During the Balkan War, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkey and other countries bought planes and hired pilots from France and Italy.

From then on, people realized that the plane should not be regarded as an auxiliary weapon with limited use, but as the third "brother" in the war family besides the army and navy. The Italian-Turkish war ushered in a new era of aircraft participating in the war.