What is the field work of canal system construction engineering?

Channel buildings refer to the hydraulic structures built on the channel for the normal work and various functions of the channel. For example, hydropower stations that generate electricity by river gap, docks and shiplocks on navigable rivers, and safety guardrails for people and animals to avoid falling into the water. The canal system has a large number of buildings, a large overall engineering quantity and high cost, so it should be developed in the aspects of stereotypes, standardization, assembly and mechanized construction.

Hydraulic structures built on canals for the purpose of safe water delivery, rational water distribution and accurate water measurement, and for the purpose of irrigation and drainage. In the construction of farmland water conservancy projects, key projects such as water storage and water diversion can only be used in conjunction with canal system projects to promote profits, so canal system buildings are also called irrigation district supporting buildings. Supporting irrigation project is an important measure to tap the potential of existing irrigation facilities and give full play to the benefits of the project [1].

type

Canal system architecture is also called irrigation district supporting architecture. Divided into:

① Buildings that control, regulate and distribute water. Used to adjust water level and distribute flow, such as inspection gate, diversion gate and bucket gate.

(2) across buildings. Used for crossing canals, valleys, roads and obstacles, such as aqueducts, inverted siphons, culverts and tunnels.

③ Drainage structure. Such as sluices, backwater gates and overflow weirs.

(4) falling buildings. That is, connected buildings with concentrated dripping water, such as falling water, steep slopes, wells, etc.

⑤ Sand-washed and grit-settled buildings. Such as sand gates and grit chambers.

⑥ Water measuring building. Such as measuring weir, measuring tank, etc. Other hydraulic structures can also be used to measure water.

⑦ Specialized building and safety equipment [2].

develop

China has a long history of canal architecture. According to "Water Mirror Wei Shui Zhu", in the first year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty (BC 194), Chang 'an City was built, and water was diverted into the city by flying canal. In the book "Zhou Li", the article "Copying the Craftsman of Gong Ji" (written more than 2,000 years ago) records: "If you want to be deep, you will hook into the moment"; Han Shu (Volume 89) and Zhao Zhao Zhuan recorded that in the fifth year of Emperor Han Yuan (34 BC), Zhao Zhao "visited the springs in the county, ditched the ditch and blasphemed the gods, and raised dozens of places for wide irrigation from the Watergate"; According to the biography of Zhang Rang in the Later Han Dynasty, in three years (A.D. 186), Bilan "overturned the car and was thirsty for Wu, giving it to the west of the bridge". The above-mentioned "flying canal", "hooking in a moment", "Watergate" and "thirst for weapons" are aqueducts, drowning, sluices and siphons. Aqueducts, waterfalls and sluices have a history of more than 2,000 years in China, and siphons have a history of 1800 years. The 12th Canal of Zhangyin was built in the early Warring States Period, which is the earliest large-scale irrigation canal system in northern China. Egypt's Nile Valley, Mesopotamia and Indus Valley have a long history of irrigation. The oldest irrigation and drainage canal system in these areas can be traced back to more than 2000 BC [1].

Types and functions

Canal system buildings can be divided into the following categories according to their functions:

(1) Channel: A manually dug or filled waterway used to transport water to meet the needs of irrigation, drainage, navigation or power generation. The irrigation or drainage channels of an irrigation area are generally divided into four levels: trunk, branch, bucket and agriculture, which is referred to as canal system for short.

(2) Water distribution buildings: buildings used to adjust water level and distribution channel flow, such as inspection gates, diversion gates and jetties.

(3) Crossing buildings: The buildings built when the water in the conveying channel passes through the ridge and crosses valleys, rivers, channels and roads are divided into grade crossing buildings and interchange buildings. The former is a cross-shaped building with a bed at the intersection of one channel and another channel, which is suitable for the situation that the bottom elevation of the two channels is similar. Commonly used level crossing structures include sluices and inverted siphons. The latter is a building built on the channel when the channel intersects with natural or artificial obstacles with different heights, which is suitable for the situation with large height difference between the two. Commonly used interchange buildings include aqueducts, inverted siphons, culverts and tunnels.

(4) Falling water structures: the upstream and downstream sections of connecting channels built in areas with concentrated ground drops or large slopes, or the connecting structures connecting channels with rivers, ditches, reservoirs and ponds in falling water, steep slopes, wells and other drainage and water intake structures.

⑤ Drainage and backwater structures of canals: structures built to maintain canals and buildings, such as overflow dams, sluices, spillway troughs, siphon drainage channels, backwater gates, etc. In order to prevent the water level of the canal from exceeding the maximum allowable water level and protect the safety of dangerous sections of the canal and important buildings.

⑥ Sand-washing and grit-settling structures: sand-washing and grit-settling facilities, such as grit chamber and grit-washing gate. , set in the canal head or canal system to prevent and reduce sediment deposition in the canal.

⑦ Water measuring structures: various water measuring facilities installed on the canal system, aiming at accurately and reasonably distributing water to channels and fields at all levels according to the water use plan, and providing a basis for reasonably collecting water charges.

⑧ Professional buildings and safety facilities: The buildings built on the waterway for a special purpose are called professional buildings, such as locks, docks and docks on the waterway, hydropower stations and hydraulic treatment stations built by taking advantage of the gaps in the waterway. Safety facilities refer to facilities, such as safety fences, used to prevent people and animals from entering the channel or to get people and animals falling into the channel out of danger.

The form selection of canal system buildings is mainly determined by comparison according to the planning requirements and engineering tasks of irrigation areas, after comprehensively considering various factors such as topography, geology, building materials, construction conditions, operation management, safety and economy [2].

trait

The scale of single buildings is generally small, but the number is large, and the total engineering quantity and cost are very large. For example, in the cost of the main canal and the north main canal in Shaoshan irrigation area of Hunan Province, the canal system buildings account for 44%, which is 6.3 times the cost of the water diversion hub [2].

development trends

At present, the development trend of canal architecture in China is to further develop into light, stereotyped, assembled and mechanized construction. The research of water-saving and energy-saving buildings, the research and application of new materials, the application and popularization of computer technology in the design of canal system buildings, the comprehensive utilization of buildings, the monitoring of canal system buildings, management automation and centralized control are paid more and more attention [1].

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reference data

[1] Wang Jianjun. Technical points and management experience of seepage control construction of canals and canal system buildings [J]. Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Science and Technology, 2008,44 (7): 513-514.

[2] National advanced experience exchange meeting on water conservancy design. Canal system architecture [m]. China Industry Press, 1966.

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In Baidu APP- my canal system architecture refers to the hydraulic structures built on the canal for its normal work and various functions. For example, hydropower stations that generate electricity by river gap, docks and shiplocks on navigable rivers, and safety guardrails for people and animals to avoid falling into the water. The canal system has a large number of buildings, a large overall engineering quantity and high cost, so it should be developed in the aspects of stereotypes, standardization, assembly and mechanized construction.

Hydraulic structures built on canals for the purpose of safe water delivery, rational water distribution and accurate water measurement, and for the purpose of irrigation and drainage. In the construction of farmland water conservancy projects, key projects such as water storage and water diversion can only be used in conjunction with canal system projects to promote profits, so canal system buildings are also called irrigation district supporting buildings. Supporting irrigation project is an important measure to tap the potential of existing irrigation facilities and give full play to the benefits of the project [1].

type

Canal system architecture is also called irrigation district supporting architecture. Divided into:

① Buildings that control, regulate and distribute water. Used to adjust water level and distribute flow, such as inspection gate, diversion gate and bucket gate.

(2) across buildings. Used for crossing canals, valleys, roads and obstacles, such as aqueducts, inverted siphons, culverts and tunnels.

③ Drainage structure. Such as sluices, backwater gates and overflow weirs.

(4) falling buildings. That is, connected buildings with concentrated dripping water, such as falling water, steep slopes, wells, etc.

⑤ Sand-washed and grit-settled buildings. Such as sand gates and grit chambers.

⑥ Water measuring building. Such as measuring weir, measuring tank, etc. Other hydraulic structures can also be used to measure water.

⑦ Specialized building and safety equipment [2].

develop

China has a long history of canal architecture. According to "Water Mirror Wei Shui Zhu", in the first year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty (BC 194), Chang 'an City was built, and water was diverted into the city by flying canal. In the book "Zhou Li", the article "Copying the Craftsman of Gong Ji" (written more than 2,000 years ago) records: "If you want to be deep, you will hook into the moment"; Han Shu (Volume 89) and Zhao Zhao Zhuan recorded that in the fifth year of Emperor Han Yuan (34 BC), Zhao Zhao "visited the springs in the county, ditched the ditch and blasphemed the gods, and raised dozens of places for wide irrigation from the Watergate"; According to the biography of Zhang Rang in the Later Han Dynasty, in three years (A.D. 186), Bilan "overturned the car and was thirsty for Wu, giving it to the west of the bridge". The above-mentioned "flying canal", "hooking in a moment", "Watergate" and "thirst for weapons" are aqueducts, drowning, sluices and siphons. Aqueducts, waterfalls and sluices have a history of more than 2,000 years in China, and siphons have a history of 1800 years. The 12th Canal of Zhangyin was built in the early Warring States Period, which is the earliest large-scale irrigation canal system in northern China. Egypt's Nile Valley, Mesopotamia and Indus Valley have a long history of irrigation. The oldest irrigation and drainage canal system in these areas can be traced back to more than 2000 BC [1].

Types and functions

Canal system buildings can be divided into the following categories according to their functions:

(1) Channel: A manually dug or filled waterway used to transport water to meet the needs of irrigation, drainage, navigation or power generation. The irrigation or drainage channels of an irrigation area are generally divided into four levels: trunk, branch, bucket and agriculture, which is referred to as canal system for short.

(2) Water distribution buildings: buildings used to adjust water level and distribution channel flow, such as inspection gates, diversion gates and jetties.

(3) Crossing buildings: The buildings built when the water in the conveying channel passes through the ridge and crosses valleys, rivers, channels and roads are divided into grade crossing buildings and interchange buildings. The former is a cross-shaped building with a bed at the intersection of one channel and another channel, which is suitable for the situation that the bottom elevation of the two channels is similar. Commonly used level crossing structures include sluices and inverted siphons. The latter is a building built on the channel when the channel intersects with natural or artificial obstacles with different heights, which is suitable for the situation with large height difference between the two. Commonly used interchange buildings include aqueducts, inverted siphons, culverts and tunnels.

(4) Falling water structures: the upstream and downstream sections of connecting channels built in areas with concentrated ground drops or large slopes, or the connecting structures connecting channels with rivers, ditches, reservoirs and ponds in falling water, steep slopes, wells and other drainage and water intake structures.

⑤ Drainage and backwater structures of canals: structures built to maintain canals and buildings, such as overflow dams, sluices, spillway troughs, siphon drainage channels, backwater gates, etc. In order to prevent the water level of the canal from exceeding the maximum allowable water level and protect the safety of dangerous sections of the canal and important buildings.

⑥ Sand-washing and grit-settling structures: sand-washing and grit-settling facilities, such as grit chamber and grit-washing gate. , set in the canal head or canal system to prevent and reduce sediment deposition in the canal.

⑦ Water measuring structures: various water measuring facilities installed on the canal system, aiming at accurately and reasonably distributing water to channels and fields at all levels according to the water use plan, and providing a basis for reasonably collecting water charges.

⑧ Professional buildings and safety facilities: The buildings built on the waterway for a special purpose are called professional buildings, such as locks, docks and docks on the waterway, hydropower stations and hydraulic treatment stations built by taking advantage of the gaps in the waterway. Safety facilities refer to facilities, such as safety fences, used to prevent people and animals from entering the channel or to get people and animals falling into the channel out of danger.

The form selection of canal system buildings is mainly determined by comparison according to the planning requirements and engineering tasks of irrigation areas, after comprehensively considering various factors such as topography, geology, building materials, construction conditions, operation management, safety and economy [2].

trait

The scale of single buildings is generally small, but the number is large, and the total engineering quantity and cost are very large. For example, in the cost of the main canal and the north main canal in Shaoshan irrigation area of Hunan Province, the canal system buildings account for 44%, which is 6.3 times the cost of the water diversion hub [2].

development trends

At present, the development trend of canal architecture in China is to further develop into light, stereotyped, assembled and mechanized construction. The research of water-saving and energy-saving buildings, the research and application of new materials, the application and popularization of computer technology in the design of canal system buildings, the comprehensive utilization of buildings, the monitoring of canal system buildings, management automation and centralized control are paid more and more attention [1].