A famous figure in modern Greece

nikos kazantzankis 1885- 1957)

Greek writer. His numerous and varied works are great contributions to modern Greek literature.

Born in Crete, which opposed the Ottoman Turks, the family fled to the Greek island of Naxos in a short time.

He studied law in Athens University (1902~ 1906) and philosophy in Paris under Bergson (1907~ 1909).

After that, he traveled to Spain, Britain, Russia, Egypt, Palestine and Japan, and settled in Egina before World War II.

1945 served as a minister in the Greek government, and 1947 to 1948 worked for UNESCO in Paris.

He died on the way to China and was buried in Crete on10.5/957+065438.

His works cover a wide range, including philosophical papers, travel notes, tragedies and so on.

He translated Dante's Divine Comedy and Goethe's Faust into modern Greek.

He also wrote lyric poems, and his epic Odessa, A Modern Sequel (1938) is a sequel to Homer's epic, with 33,333 lines, which fully expounds Kasang Zaki's philosophy.

His most famous works are Zobah in Greece (1946), Captain Mi Hlis (1950), Greek Passion Drama (1954) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1955).

Maria Callas (Maria Callas 1923- 1977)

Calaci 1923 was born in the United States, and his parents were immigrants from Greece. In his short life of 50 years, Calaci was full of legends from childhood, and even when he died in Paris on September 6, 1977,/kloc-0, he left a legendary ending. As Giuseppe di Stefano, one of Caras' most important performance partners, said, "Maria Caras is the queen of opera. It seems that she lived all her life for the art of traditional Chinese opera, but in the end she sacrificed her career and even her life for love.

Maria? Calaci is striking and charming in the history of opera, and has achieved great success. Besides her vocal art, when she was alive, the emotional life under the stage was always the focus of news media. The real tragedy in her life began with her association with O 'Narcisse, and Maria really shifted the focus of her life to love after knowing O 'Narcisse. This kind of unrepentant devotion, like her insistence in other aspects, is the same-an unswerving dedication, regardless of the consequences, regardless of the cost.

When O 'Narcisse pursued Maria, it was a sensational international news, but he then turned his attention to Guilin Jia Kennedy. Shortly after the assassination of President Kennedy, O 'Narcisse began to live in Guilin Jia. For a time, O 'Narcisse was one of the two most famous women in the world at that time, and he finally chose Guilin Jia, which was a blow to Calaci's life. Calaci lost his professional stage and the love of his life. She left the stage she once loved for love, but in the end, she was abandoned by the person she loved. Maria cut herself off from the outside world.

1September 1977 16, Calaci died suddenly in his apartment due to a heart attack. The ashes were scattered in the Aegean Sea by the Greek Minister of Culture. She was angry with the music industry in the 1950s. Fifty years of career is still talked about. The name Maria Callas undoubtedly left a strong mark in the history of opera in the 20th century.

Greek director An Zhe lopoulos (1936~? )

Angelopoulos 1936 was born in Athens, Greece. After graduating from the law department, he went to Paris to study film and entered the famous advanced film school W(IDHEC). Later, he left Paris and returned to Greece to start his film career because of a 360-degree panoramic shot, for example, in "? In W Bird Wandering, a group of workers climbed to the top of a telephone pole to repair the telephone line. The bright yellow uniform is a gloomy film tone, which seems to show the hope of breaking national boundaries and crossing communication ditches.

In Ann's films, truth and imagination have been blurred. Jacques Gerstenke once said that to define Anzhe's works, we only need to reverse André Breton's famous saying: In his works, the real thing always becomes the imaginary thing. Greece, in particular, was influenced by Byzantine, Orthodox, Ottoman Turkey and other western cultures, combined with pagan culture and humanism in different periods, complicated historical background and changeable politics, and lived in Anshi, Greece. Starting from the daily life of the Greek people, it combines ancient Greek myths with modern stories, tells people, events and things that happened in Greek history and time through epic narrative style, and profoundly depicts the Greek people's understanding of this land. For example, in Ann's trilogy of modern Greek history "Thirty-six Years" and "Wandering Artists and Hunters", Ann's ridicule of politics, concern for the fate of the Greek people and deep feelings for this land can be seen everywhere.

"Journey" is also an indispensable theme to understand the style of Ann's works. For example, in Scenery in Fog, two brothers and sisters go to their dream country-Germany to find a fictional father; The journey of the protagonist returning to his hometown after 32 years in exile abroad in A Journey to Cesar; In Ulysses' Journey of Life, a director searched for three undeveloped negatives of the Mars brothers, followed the original footsteps of the Mars brothers, crossed the Balkans, rediscovered the feelings of the W Mars brothers at that time, and jumped out of time and space with the progress of the journey, integrating individuals, movies, countries and political history.

An Zhe Ropoulos is not only a film director, but also his films combine poetry and philosophy, showing a unique personal style and paying deep attention to human nature, nationality, politics, history and land. In his films, Buchu W gave the audience a standard answer, an established model, raised many questions and left many reflections on the audience.

Elaine Calander was born in the Greek mountainous area. After moving to Athens, she studied piano and music theory in Helenikonodion. From 1969 to 1974, he was forced into exile in Paris because the Greek military government seized power. During this period, he specialized in ethnomusicology. After returning to Greece, he devoted himself to finding Greek folk music resources. 1982, he met An Zhe Lopez and became an important partner of the Greek master director.

For Elaine Calander, film soundtrack is not only a beautification of a film, but also a major element in the film. So she asked to discuss the plot with director * * * from the outline of the story and finish the film together. The evaluation of Calander Ruo by the Greek writer Nikos Triantafillides shows that "in a movie with a total length of several hundred feet, Calander Ruo's music shows blood that is not shown on the screen, and her consistent musical performance evokes the spirit hidden in the language".

For example, the scenery in the fog, with the development of the plot, the music is also flowing. Even in the silent scene, it seems that there are still music particles echoing in the air. In the scene of a little girl being raped by a truck driver, silence represents a little despair of a social worker's possible ideals and goodwill. Then the theme of vagrancy sounded again, and the cheerful rock music turned into a sad song. Calander's music and pictures are intertwined. Let's dance with the movie.

In addition to the scenery in the fog, almost all An Zhe's films have traces of Garland Ruo, such as? W Bird Wandering, Ulysses Life Journey, One Day Forever, etc. If Calander's music is full of mourning for the old country and the simple temperament of Greek folk songs, and the attention paid to Greek history, politics, nationality and humanity in Ann's films, we can read notes from Ann's films or from Calander's music.

Nana (Nana MOUSKOURI 1943 ~)

In the mid-20th century, Greece dominated the world women's music scene. In vocal music, they have the opera goddess Callas; As for folk songs, blues, gospel and even pop songs, the songs of female singer Nana Muskuli are almost popular all over the world, and their popularity is only comparable to that of the Beatles later.

Nana is famous for her ethereal singing. With the passage of time, Nana's folk songs, gospel and blues-style "pop songs" sung since the 1960s have now become an important crystallization of folk culture in the 20th century, because it embodies the people's taste in popular songs in continental Europe and embodies the artistic features different from British and American rock music. It was a melodious world, just like classical music born in Europe, which was against rhythm-centered rock music and is still sung today.

Nana 1933 was born in Crete, Greece, and she also experienced the legendary Cyclone Caras when she was young. Karas, the goddess of opera, dominated the global drama in 1950s with her amazing singing voice, and was regarded as the national pride by the Greeks.

Nana's father worked as a projectionist in the film W and found that little Nana had a great talent for singing. He wanted to train her to be Callas II, so he sent her to Athens to study musicology. However, Nana was particularly interested in pop music and jazz. 1958, she was invited to sing on the radio for the first time, which further laid her career path. In Nana's mind, all the wonderful songs, whether Karas or Ella Jane Fitzgerald, the queen of jazz, are worth cherishing. Facts have proved that her insistence is correct.

The turning point of Nana's singing career was in 1962. Quincy Jones, an American folk master, invited her to the United States to record the album Songs of Greek Women. Since then, her reputation has spread from Europe to the United States and other regions. So far, she has recorded more than 150 records, including 350 platinum or double platinum records, and she has numerous honors. Almost all people over the age of ten are her loyal fans.

Besides, Nana has a wide singing range. Besides folk songs and pop songs, even the free chorus in Verdi's opera Nabugo, Habanera by Bizet Carmen, Schubert's Serenade and so on. She adapted it into a folk song, which attracted audiences at all levels.

Nana's lyric singing is enduring. The best proof is that at the end of last year, the Japanese TV series One Hundred Years Tales used her song "Only Love" as the theme song, which fascinated the new generation of fans.

Homer (Homer)

The most famous blind writer in ancient Greece, some people think that Homer was born in the12nd century BC (the same age as the Trojan War), while others think that he was born in the 9th century BC.

As for his birthplace, there are different opinions that it seems more reliable in Ionia (now the west coast of Turkey), but some people say that he is an Athenian, so we are not sure about the exact age of his existence.

His main work is the story of the Trojan War, and two immortal historical epics, Iliad and Odessa, are his masterpieces. Since19th century, historians have been debating whether Homer exists. But German archaeologist Sherman not only confirmed the historicity of Homer's epic, but also made Homer's epic no longer be regarded as a pure myth. The great civilization of the ancient bronze age did exist, and it was as magnificent as Homer's.

The Iliad and Odessa are two great works full of artistic flavor, which were created by this great talented poet.

There are many legends about Homer, but most of them are selected from similar autobiographies in his works, plus other legends. For example, Homer is blind because at the end of one of his books, the author told the girls that if other men come to ask who is the best singer, please ask them to answer. Blind people living in Ios sing the most beautifully.

Homer is called the king of poetry by Dante, and his two epics are the earliest works in the history of western literature. In these two works, we can find that they have a complete structure. In other words, before that, most poems were dictated by poets. Homer may synthesize these materials and organize them.

His description of the facts has always adhered to humanitarianism. For example, in the Trojan War, Homer did not pay much attention to the description of the war, but focused on the problems related to human nature caused by the war, which can be said to be the most popular in Homer's epic. Until today, the characters described in Homer's epic still appear in western literary works, which can reveal one of its far-reaching influences.

Hippocrates 460~377 BC)

The father of medicine was an ancient Greek doctor. His medical thought has always had a lasting influence on the science of ancient Greece. Because such advanced medical instruments were not available at that time, doctors such as Hippocrates had to explain and treat patients with popular scientific theories at that time. This theoretical system is also called "body fluid theory of disease".

Hippocrates' theory of "Yang W liquid" was based on the philosophical thought at that time, that is, the relationship between man and nature. Both Yang W's liquid theory and philosophical thoughts at that time believed that people and the whole world were influenced by the same natural laws. These theories later influenced the development of medicine and treatment methods.

Hippocrates was born about on the Aegean island of Kos. His father, Heraclitus Ridders, was his first teacher and doctor, Gong Chu W. His mother was a midwife and his grandfather was a physician. The ancestor of Hippocrates, Chai H, was mythically exaggerated, which shows his position in the eyes of the Greeks.

It is believed that he is a doctor, traveling in the midwest of the United States, with footprints all over Greece and Macedonia. Hippocrates died and was buried in Larissa, Thessaly. Aristotle said that within a few years after his death, "The Great Hippocrates" had become a household name.

The Hippocratic Oath is his most famous work, which is regarded as the highest ideal of professional attitude and behavior by doctors today. The origin and historical background of this oath are far from textual research, except that its writing age may be between the sixth century BC and the first century BC.

The Hippocratic oath consists of two parts. The first part, or contract, is the student's commitment or obligation to the teacher. The second part is ethics. Most vows are influenced by Pythagoras' moral concept after the Hippocratic era.