Development issues in Chuanqing ethnic areas

The "Chuangqing people" mainly live in the west of Guizhou Province and the three river basins of Liuchong, Sancha and Yachi in the upper reaches of Wujiang River. At the time of the 1953 general election, more than 248,000 people reported themselves as "Chongqing" people. About half of the population live in Nayong and Zhijin counties, and the rest are distributed in Dafang, Shuicheng, Guanling, Qingzhen, Puding, Langdai, Xingren, Panxian, Pu'an, Qinglong, Bijie, etc. county.

The early "Chuanqing people" immigrated from the provinces east of Guizhou. It can be inferred from the language survey that the ancestors of the "Chuangqing" people lived in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi before entering Guizhou. This is consistent with local chronicles, the genealogy of "Chuangqing people", cemetery inscriptions, cultural relic records, and folklore. The legends and genealogical records of the "Chuanqing people" all say that their ancestors entered Guizhou with the army during the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty when they "died the north to conquer the south" and "died the north to fill the south". After many people who served in the army (called "minjia", different from "military families" with military status) entered Guizhou, they formed a Han immigrant group with local characteristics. They had a low social status, lived in remote villages, and were engaged in agricultural labor. Those who live there must ask for land from the local Yi rulers to cultivate, and become tenants and suffer exploitation. In the early Qing Dynasty, a group of Han people (mostly officials and merchants) moved into Guizhou and lived in cities and streets to maintain their superior political and economic status. Therefore, there are Han people who migrated successively to these areas. The former are called "Chuanqing" and the latter are called "Chuanlan". Before liberation, "chuanqing" and "chuanlan" were in opposition. "chuanlan" looked down on "chuanqing" and "chuanqing" were discriminated against.

The identification survey shows that after the "Chuangqing" people entered Guizhou, they did not become isolated from other Han people and develop into a single ethnic group, nor were they significantly influenced by the Yi rulers, and did not differ from other Han people in life. Close contact. Their traditional local characteristics have gradually disappeared in the process of developing into a modern nation. In the past five or sixty years, their language, clothing, and customs have become consistent with other Han people (Chuanlan). The contradictions of "Chuangqing" and "Chuanglan" arising from local differences within the Han nationality under specific historical conditions have gradually disappeared in the process of developing into a modern nation. Therefore, it is determined that "Chuangqing" are Han people and not an ethnic minority.