Information about the Shenzhou spacecraft

The Shenzhou spacecraft is independently developed by my country and has completely independent intellectual property rights. It is a spacecraft that meets or is superior to the international third-generation manned spacecraft technology. The following is a detailed introduction to the Shenzhou spacecraft and an inventory of previous Shenzhou spacecraft information for your reference! Information about the Shenzhou spacecraft

The Shenzhou manned spacecraft has a total length of 8.86 meters, a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters, and a total length of 8.86 meters. The weight reaches 7790 kg. In terms of configuration, it consists of an orbital module, a return module, a propulsion module and an additional section. It adopts a typical three-cabin and one-section structure. The entire spacecraft can be divided into 13 different subsystems according to functions. These 13 subsystems are named after their functions. They are: payload, structure and mechanism, thermal control, guidance, navigation and control, propulsion, power supply, data management, measurement and control and communication, environmental control and life support, Crew, recovery and landing, instrumentation and lighting and emergency life-saving subsystems. These systems are respectively arranged in the Shenzhou spacecraft with a three-cabin and one-section structure, and they work together to complete a space journey. The following is an introduction to each cabin section:

1. Orbital module (2.8 meters long, 2.2 meters in diameter)

The orbital module of the Shenzhou spacecraft is cylindrical in shape. In order to enable the orbital module to obtain electric power during its solo flight, solar cell wings are installed on both sides of the orbital module. Each solar wing excluding the triangular part has an area of ??2.0 to 3.4 meters. When the orbital module is flying freely, it can provide 0.5 kilowatts. power above. There are 4 sets of small propulsion engines at the tail of the orbital module, each set of 4, to provide auxiliary thrust for the spacecraft and the ability to continue to maintain orbital motion after the orbital module is separated; there is a circular hatch on one side of the orbital module near the return module. It provides a passage for astronauts to enter and exit the orbital module. However, the maximum diameter of the door is only 65 centimeters, and only those with dexterity and special training can enter and exit freely. There is an observation window for the orbital cabin above the hatch.

The orbital module is the place where astronauts work and live after the spacecraft enters orbit. In addition to living devices such as food, drinking water, and toilet collectors, the cabin also has instruments and equipment for space applications and scientific experiments.

After the return capsule returns, the orbital module is equivalent to an Earth observation satellite or a space laboratory. It will continue to work in orbit for about half a year. Keeping the orbital module in orbit is a major feature of Chinese spacecraft. After the orbital module and return module of Russian and American spacecraft are separated, they are generally discarded.

2. Return capsule (2.00 meters long, 2.40 meters in diameter, excluding heat shield)

The return capsule of the Shenzhou spacecraft is bell-shaped, with a door connected to the orbital module. The command and control center of the capsule-type spacecraft is equipped with reclining seats for three astronauts, allowing the astronauts to ride during the take-off, ascent and return stages. Under the front of the seat are the instrument panel, manual control handle and optical sight, etc., which display the status of the system equipment on the spacecraft. Astronauts use these instruments to monitor and, if necessary, control the work of systems and equipment on the spacecraft. Both the orbital module and the return module are sealed compartments with environmental control and life support systems inside to ensure that the cabin is filled with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a suitable range for the human body to ensure that the astronauts Life safety during the entire flight mission.

In addition, the cabin is also equipped with two main and backup parachutes for landing. There are two circular windows on the side wall of the return capsule of the Shenzhou Hao spacecraft. One is for the astronauts to observe the scene outside the window, and the other is for the astronauts to operate the optical sight to observe the ground driving spacecraft. The base of the return capsule is a metal frame-sealed structure, on which the instruments and equipment of the return capsule are installed. The base is lightweight and very strong. When the return capsule returns to the ground and enters the atmosphere, it protects the return capsule from being burned by the hot atmosphere.

3. Propulsion cabin (3.05 meters long, 2.50 meters in diameter, 2.80 meters in bottom diameter)

The Shenzhou's propulsion cabin is also called the equipment cabin. It is cylindrical and contains the propulsion system inside. The engine and propellant provide the spacecraft with the power needed to adjust its attitude and orbit, as well as brake and decelerate, as well as some equipment for power supply, environmental control and communication systems. There is a pair of solar wings on each side. Excluding the triangular part, the area of ??the solar wings is 2.0 to 7.5 meters. Combined with the battery wing of the front orbital module, the power generated will be three times that of the Soyuz, with an average of more than 1.5 kilowatts, which is almost equivalent to the power provided by the power supply of the Fukang AX new wave car. In addition to providing a large amount of power, these battery wings can also rotate around the connection points. In this way, no matter how the spacecraft moves, it can always maintain the best direction to obtain maximum power, eliminating the need to tilt toward the sun. A large number of maneuvers can be carried out to ensure the orientation of the solar array towards the sun and at the same time carry out uninterrupted observation of the earth by the spacecraft.

The tail of the equipment compartment is the propulsion system of the spacecraft. The main propulsion system consists of four large main engines, which are located in the middle of the bottom of the propulsion cabin. Four pairs of small thrusters for attitude correction are arranged around the side skirt of the propulsion cabin. They are smaller than the main thrusters, but are much larger than other auxiliary thrusters. In addition, there are small auxiliary thrusters outside the side skirts of the propulsion cabin.

IV. Additional section

The additional section is also called the transition section, which is used to prepare for future rendezvous and docking with another spacecraft or space station. Before manned flight and rendezvous and docking, it can also be equipped with various instruments for space exploration.

There is no official introduction to the current equipment in the additional section, but some industry insiders have made bold speculations, such as: One of the semi-ring devices is speculated to be used to install square instruments. The three mutually perpendicular and extendable 0.4-meter probes are speculated to be part of the navigation system or part of the docking system. Because there was a similar device used for docking on the American Apollo spacecraft. The front end of the Shenzhou spacecraft's orbital module may be equipped with a Russian-style docking system. However, these devices may only be an experimental type and will definitely be replaced by new docking systems when performing docking missions with the space station in the future. Information on previous Shenzhou spacecrafts (Shenzhou 1 to 10 spacecraft)

Shenzhou 1

Launch time: November 20, 1999, 6:30 minutes and 7 seconds

< p> Return time: 3:41 a.m. on November 21

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Central region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Comments Reaction: Comments here spoke highly of China's first flight test of its manned space program, saying it marked an important step in China's space industry, was of great significance to breakthroughs in manned space technology, and was an important milestone in China's space history.

Shenzhou-2

Launch time: January 10, 2001 1:03 seconds

Return time: January 16, 2001 19:22

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Central region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Comments: This spacecraft launch is the first step of China’s manned space project The second flight test marked new progress in China's manned spaceflight industry and a gratifying step towards the realization of manned spaceflight.

Shenzhou-3

Launch time: 22:15 on March 25, 2002

Landing time: April 1, 2002

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Central region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Comments and reactions: In this launch test, the launch vehicle, spacecraft and measurement and control launch system have been further improved. Improved the safety and reliability of manned spaceflight.

Shenzhou 4

Launch time: 0:40 on December 30, 2002

Landing time: 19:16 on January 5, 2003

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Central region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Navigation mission: Space science and technology experiment

Comments: China’s first unmanned spacecraft that can carry people.

Shenzhou 5

Launch time: 9:00 on October 15, 2003

Landing time: 6:28 on October 16, 2003

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Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Amugulang grassland area in central Inner Mongolia

Navigation mission: Assess the manned environment of the project and obtain astronauts’ space life Environmental and safety-related data are used to comprehensively assess the performance, reliability, safety and coordination of each system in the project.

Comments and reactions: In addition to Yang Liwei, China’s first man in space, the return capsule of the Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft also carried a Chinese flag with special significance, a Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem flag, and a The United Nations flag, RMB main currency stamps, commemorative stamps of China's first manned space flight, commemorative envelopes of China's manned space project and crop seeds from Taiwan, the treasure island of the motherland, etc.

Astronaut: Yang Liwei

Shenzhou-6

Launch time: 9:00 on October 12, 2005

Landing time: 2005 At 4:07 on October 17, 2019

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Main landing site in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia

Navigation mission: Conquer Basic technologies for manned spaceflight; conduct space science experiments, assess and improve the functions and performance of the seven major systems of the project.

Astronauts: Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng

Shenzhou 7

Launch time: September 25, 2008, 21:10:04

Landing time: 17:37 on September 28, 2008

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Central Inner Mongolia

Navigation mission: Carry out space Earth observation, space science and technology experiments.

Astronauts: Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng.

Shenzhou 8

Launch time: 05:58:10 on November 1, 2011

Landing time: 19:00 on November 17, 2011 32 minutes and 30 seconds

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Main landing site at Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia

Navigation mission: Docking with Tiangong-1

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Astronaut: Unmanned aerial vehicle

Shenzhou 9

Launch time: 18:37 on June 16, 2012

Landing time : 10:00 on June 29, 2012

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Main landing site of Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia

Navigation purpose: China's No. 1 As part of the 921-2 space laboratory project, the Tiangong and Shenzhou-9 manned rendezvous and docking will open a breakthrough chapter in China's space history

Astronauts: Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, Liu Yang (female)

Shenzhou 10

Launch time: 17:38 on June 11, 2013

Landing time: June 2013 At about 8:07 on March 26th

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Scheduled area of ??the main landing site for the Shenshi mission on the grasslands in central Inner Mongolia

Purpose of the voyage: Based on my country's breakthrough and mastery of manned rendezvous and docking technology, Shenzhou-9 will carry out the first practical flight of the manned space-to-ground round-trip transportation system. After the Shenzhou-10 is launched and completes the space rendezvous and docking missions with Tiangong-1, the first phase of my country's second manned space mission will come to a perfect conclusion, and the country will fully enter the development stage of space laboratories and space stations.

Astronauts: Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang Yaping (female)

1. Yang Liwei (Shenzhou 5), male, Han nationality, born on June 21, 1965, Huludao City, Liaoning Province He is from Suizhong County, has a university education, is 1.68 meters tall, and is a member of the Communist Party of China. Rank of major general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, special astronaut. He has successively served as deputy director of the China Astronaut Scientific Research and Training Center, deputy commander-in-chief of the astronaut system of the Manned Space Engineering Project, and currently serves as deputy director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office. He is the first generation of astronauts trained by China and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Yang Liwei flew safely for 1,350 hours in the former Air Force. At 9:00 Beijing time on October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei entered space for the first time on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft carried by the Long March 2F rocket. He was the first astronaut of the People's Republic of China to enter space.

2. Fei Junlong (Shenzhou 6), male, Han nationality, born in May 1965, from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, party member, graduated from Changchun Aviation School, university education. He joined the army in June 1982 and the party in May 1985. He is currently the captain of the astronaut brigade of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, a first-class astronaut, a division commander, and the rank of major general.

3. Nie Haisheng (Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 10), male, born in September 1964, from Zaoyang, Hubei Province, joined the army in June 1983, joined the party in December 1986, and is now a member of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Special astronaut of the astronaut brigade, with the rank of major general. He once served as the navigator of a certain regiment of a certain division of the Air Force Aviation Corps, flying safely for 1,480 hours, and was a first-level pilot of the Air Force. In January 1998, he officially became my country's first batch of astronauts. He was selected into my country's first manned space pilot echelon. After many years of astronaut training, Nie Haisheng has completed training tasks in dozens of subjects in eight categories, including basic theory, aerospace environment adaptability, and professional skills, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut professional skills with excellent results. In June 2005, he was selected as a member of the manned flight crew of the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. On October 12, 2005, the dream of "embracing the moon in nine days" was finally fulfilled.

4. Zhai Zhigang (Shenzhou 7), male, Han nationality, from Longxi Village, Longjiang Town, Longjiang County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, university education and double bachelor's degree. Born on October 10, 1966. Joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1984. In June 1985, he joined the Air Force Changchun Flight Academy (now the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University Flight Basic Training Base). He joined the Party in September 1991 and is currently He is a second-level astronaut in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Astronaut Group, with the rank of deputy division commander and the rank of senior colonel.

In 2005, he was selected as a member of the Shenzhou VI manned space flight crew echelon.

5. Liu Boming (Shenzhou 7), male, born in September 1966, Hongxing Township, Yi'an County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1986, and died in June 1985. Enlisted in the Air Force Changchun Flight College (now the Air Force Aviation University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army) and joined the Communist Party of China on September 17, 1990. He is currently a second-level astronaut in the Astronaut Group of the General Armament Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, deputy division commander, and senior colonel. Military rank.

6. Jing Haipeng (Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9): Male, Han nationality, native of Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, member of the Communist Party of China, master's degree. Born in October 1966, he joined the army in June 1985 and joined the party in September 1987. He is currently a special-class astronaut of the Astronaut Group of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with the rank of senior colonel. He once served as the navigation director of a certain division and regiment headquarters of the Air Force. He flew safely for 1,200 hours and was rated as a first-level pilot of the Air Force. In January 1998, he officially became my country's first batch of astronauts. After years of astronaut training, he has completed training tasks in eight categories and dozens of subjects, including basic theory, aerospace environment adaptability, aerospace expertise, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the astronaut professional and technical comprehensive assessment with excellent results. In June 2005, he was selected as a member of the crew echelon of the Shenzhou-6 manned mission. In September 2008, the Shenzhou 7 manned mission was carried out and achieved a complete success. In March 2012, he was selected as the flight crew of the Shenzhou-9 mission.

7. Liu Wang (Shenzhou 9): Male, Han nationality, from Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, member of the Communist Party of China, master's degree. Born in March 1969, he joined the army in August 1988 and joined the party in June 1988. He is currently a second-level astronaut in the Astronaut Brigade of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with the rank of senior colonel. He once served as the squadron leader of a flying group of a certain division and regiment of the Air Force. He flew 1,000 hours safely and was rated as a second-level pilot of the Air Force. In January 1998, he officially became my country's first batch of astronauts. After years of astronaut training, he has completed training tasks in eight categories and dozens of subjects, including basic theory, aerospace environment adaptability, aerospace expertise, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the astronaut professional and technical comprehensive assessment with excellent results. In March 2012, he was selected as the flight crew of the Shenzhou-9 mission.

8. Liu Yang (Shenzhou 9): Female, Han nationality, from Linzhou City, Henan Province, member of the Communist Party of China, bachelor's degree. Born in October 1978, he joined the army in August 1997 and joined the party in May 2001. He is currently a fourth-level astronaut in the Astronaut Brigade of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with the rank of major. He once served as the deputy captain of a flying group of a certain division of the Air Force. He flew safely for 1,680 hours and was rated as a second-level pilot of the Air Force. In May 2010, he officially became the second batch of astronauts in my country. After more than two years of astronaut training, he has completed training missions in eight categories and dozens of subjects, including basic theory, aerospace environment adaptability, aerospace professional technology, flight procedures and mission simulation training, and passed the astronaut professional and technical comprehensive test with excellent results. Assessment. In March 2012, he was selected as the flight crew of the Shenzhou-9 mission.

9. Zhang Xiaoguang (Shenzhou 10): A native of Jinzhou, Liaoning, and a Chinese astronaut. Born in May 1966, he was one of the first 14 astronauts selected in 1998. The rank of senior colonel of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force. He was a fighter pilot and an air force squadron commander. By 2004, he had more than 1,000 hours of flying experience. In April 2013, he was selected as the flight crew of the Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 manned missions.

10. Wang Yaping (Shenzhou 10): Female, Han nationality, from Yantai, Shandong Province, member of the Communist Party of China, bachelor's degree. Born in January 1980, he joined the army in August 1997 and joined the party in May 2000. He is a fourth-level astronaut in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Astronaut Group with the rank of major. He once served as the deputy captain of a certain flight group of a certain division of the Air Force. He flew safely for 1,600 hours and was rated as a second-level pilot of the Air Force. In May 2010, he officially became the second batch of Chinese astronauts. After nearly three years of astronaut training, he has completed training tasks in dozens of subjects in eight categories, including basic theory, space environment adaptability, and professional technology, and passed the comprehensive assessment of astronaut professional technology with excellent results. In April 2013, he was selected as the flight crew of the Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 manned missions. Became China's first post-80s female astronaut.