What influence does Lingnan history have on Guangzhou? It's urgent !

guangzhou history

Guangzhou is one of the first historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council. As early as four or five thousand years ago in the Neolithic Age, our ancestors thrived on this land, which opened the beginning of human history in Guangzhou. According to historical records, in the Zhou Dynasty, the "Baiyue" people here had contacts with Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the "Chu Pavilion" was specially built to commemorate this friendship. Now there is an archway named "Guchuting" in Yuexiu Mountain. "Chuting" is the earliest name in Guangzhou.

In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Panyu City (commonly known as Renxiao City) was built in Qinpingling and the southern part of the South China Sea, which was recorded in Guangzhou history books, 22 13 years ago. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State in Lingnan with Panyu as its capital, which established Guangzhou's position as a central city in Lingnan, and two feudal dynasties, Nanhan and Nanming, also established their capitals here.

In the Three Kingdoms period, in the fifth year of Wu (AD 226), Sun Quan moved to Dongwu and set up another Guangzhou, that is, Jiaoguang divided and ruled it. The name of Guangzhou was taken from the word "Guang" in the former Jiaozhou Prefecture, and later moved to Panyu, hence the name Guangzhou. Guangzhou is also called Yangcheng, Guangzhou. Legend has it that in ancient times, five immortals rode five-color fairy sheep and came to the "Chuting" to give them to the people, wishing "no famine". Today, the statue of Wuyang in Yuexiu Park is the symbol of Guangzhou.

Guangzhou is a heroic city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. In modern history, there were people's anti-British struggles against imperialist aggression in Sanyuanli, the Xinhai Uprising against feudal rule led by Sun Yat-sen (namely Huanghuagang Uprising), and the Guangzhou Uprising led by China's * * * production party. Therefore, Guangzhou is not only the source of China's bourgeois democratic revolution, but also a heroic city where proletarian political parties lead the people in their revolutionary struggle.

Guangzhou celebrities come forth in large numbers and are handed down from generation to generation. Ren Tao in the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo in the Han Dynasty, Qu Dajun, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, leaders of the peasant uprising, Hong Xiuquan and Sun Yat-sen, who led the democratic revolution in China and overthrew the feudal rule for thousands of years, all made outstanding contributions to the formation and development of Guangzhou.

Guangzhou was called Panyu in ancient times. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Qin unified Lingnan and established Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangsan counties in Lingnan area, named Nanhai Wei. Renxiao built Panyu City (commonly known as Renxiao City) here, which is the beginning of Guangzhou's recorded construction, with a history of 22 13 years. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State in Lingnan, with Panyu as its capital, which established Guangzhou's position as a central city in Lingnan.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanhai County was under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou. In the Five Years of the Three Kingdoms (AD 226), Sun Quan divided Guangzhou north of Hepu and Jiaozhou south of Hepu into two parts for the convenience of rule. Lv Dai was appointed as a Guangzhou historian. Soon Jiaoguang was reunified, and in the seventh year of Jing Yong's reign (AD 264), Jiaoguang was divided and ruled, which became a custom from then on. After the partition of Jiaoguang, Guangzhou moved from the original Guangxin (now Wuzhou) to Panyu, and the name of Guangzhou was taken from the word "Guang" of Guangxin. The name of Guangzhou comes from this.

Guangzhou is also called "Yangcheng" and "Guangzhou City". According to legend, in ancient times, five immortals rode five-color sheep, each carrying a bunch of ears of grain. The immortals dedicated the ears of grain to the residents, hoping that there would be a bumper harvest and no famine in this place. After the fairy floated away, the five sheep left behind turned into stones. Therefore, later generations also called Guangzhou "Yangcheng", "Wuyangcheng", "Fairy City" and "Guangzhou City". Today, the statue of Wuyang in Yuexiu Park is the symbol of Guangzhou.

For more than 2,000 years from Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guangzhou has been an important port city for China's foreign trade. It is the starting point of China's Maritime Silk Road. As early as the Han Dynasty, China's fleet set out from Guangzhou and sailed to Southeast Asia and East Asia. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guangzhou had developed into a world-famous oriental port, and established the first institution in China to manage foreign trade affairs-the Municipal Ambassador; During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guangzhou was a particularly open port. For a long time, it was the only foreign trade port city in China.

Guangzhou is the birthplace of China's modern revolution and a heroic city with glorious revolutionary tradition. Sanyuanli's anti-British struggle, Huanghuagang's democratic revolutionary movement and Guangzhou commune uprising all took place here. Sun Yat-sen, the revolutionary pioneer, founded the Army Military Academy (commonly known as Huangpu Military Academy) here and established political power in Guangzhou three times. Mao Zedong held a workshop on the peasant movement here, which trained a large number of revolutionary backbone forces.

Guangzhou has beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, rich tourism resources and many famous scenic spots.

1986 On the basis of the past eight scenic spots in Yangcheng, eight scenic spots in Yangcheng were added, namely Yunshan Jinxiu, Zhushui Qingbo, Hongling Rising Sun, Liuhua Yuyu, Longdong Qilin, Huanghua Qi Hao, Yuexiu Building and Huangpu Yun Qi.

1996 Guangzhou also selected ten tourist attractions, namely: Baiyue Official Temple (Chenjia Temple), Yuntai Garden, Wuyang Xianting, zhenhai tower, the Light of Xinhai (Zhongshan Memorial Hall, Huanghuagang Park), Guangzhou World Grand View, Lotus Xiaoqing (Lotus Mountain Scenic Area), Journey to the East, Stay in Love (Oriental Paradise) and Xiguan Merchants.

Lingnan culture

China lingnan characteristic culture. Lingnan refers to Guangdong in the south of Wuling, Fujian in the east and Guangxi in the west. This land was originally a land of Baiyue, inhabited by the Nanyue nationality formed at the turn of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Early pottery was printed with geometric figures, which were different from the decorative patterns of flowers, birds, insects and fish in the Central Plains. Because it is located in the hot and humid south, rice is the main crop and leads a life of cooking, fishing and hunting. Traditionally, they like to eat fish and all kinds of clams and shellfish, and snakes, insects and rats are regarded as delicious food; Learn to swim, make good use of boats, get rid of tattoos and live in a dry fence room; Believe in witches and ghosts and use chickens to predict good luck.

In summer, the influence of the Central Plains has reached Lingnan. Tortoise shells and mussels in the South China Sea were found in the ruins of Yin Ruins in Anyang, which proved to be Lingnan tributes at that time. In Guangdong, bronze cups, bronze rings, bronze bells and bronze dings in the Spring and Autumn Period were also found in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the strength of Chu State, Lingnan was effectively controlled. When Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, there were a large number of immigrants. Thanks to Zhao Tuo's efforts, the Central Plains culture and the local culture were well integrated. Coupled with the influence of several northern immigrants, Lingnan's "charm still exists, and the habit of dressing is gradually affected, so the habit gradually changes and becomes popular in China", thus forming a unique Lingnan culture in China culture.

Lingnan culture with Confucian culture as the core and Central Plains culture belong to the same cultural system. Lingnan culture developed from the fusion of root culture and Baiyue culture, and then to the fusion of Chinese and Western cultures. Lingnan culture is different from other cultures in China, which is far from Confucianism and unorthodox. It is a marginal culture in the overall system of China culture. In primitive society, the ancient Yue people in Lingnan formed the primitive religious concept of totem worship, which mainly included "frog totem" and "snake totem". They tattoo their hair, believe in witches and ghosts, and use chickens to predict good or bad luck. The myth and legend of "Wuyang" reflects the primitive religious concept of the ancient Yue nationality with sheep as its totem. Taoism was introduced from the Central Plains in the Han and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced from Southeast Asia and the Central Plains in the Han and Wu Dynasties, and Islam was introduced from Persia in the early Tang Dynasty. The introduction of Catholicism and Christianity began in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Cantonese, Hakka and Min are the three main dialects used in Lingnan. Cantonese, also known as Cantonese and Guangfu dialect, is called vernacular locally, and is pronounced in Guangzhou dialect, which is popular in the Pearl River Delta and parts of western Guangdong and Guangxi along the Xijiang River. Hakka dialect, also known as Hakka dialect, takes Meixian dialect as the standard pronunciation and is popular in northeast Guangdong and Dongjiang River basin. Min dialect, also known as "Fulao dialect", has formed three branches in different regions, passing through Chaoshan area in southeast Guangdong, Leizhou Peninsula in southwest Guangdong and Han nationality inhabited areas in Hainan Province.

Since the Han Dynasty, there have been many academic categories and talented people in Lingnan. The main ones are: Yang Fu's Record of Foreign Objects from the South, which is the earliest monograph on regional property resources in China; Ge Hong's alchemy; Interpretation of Confucian Classics by Chen Yuan and others: Wang Fan's Jiao Guang Chun Qiu is the first local chronicles monograph in Lingnan history. Chen Baisha developed the Ming Confucian "mind study" of Lingnan Neo-Confucianism; Harry's political thought; The Economic Thought of Mid-Autumn Festival in University Supplement: Qu Dajun's Guangdong Xinyu and Buddhism's Huineng Zen.

Since modern times, Lingnan academic thought has been very active. Lingnan has become the window for China people to see the world, the intersection and collision point of Chinese and Western cultures. The representative figures are Zhu Ciqi and Chen Li, who inherited the style of study of Lingnan culture. Formulate the "celestial eye system" and shape Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the peasant movement in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; He wrote "Dangerous Words in the Prosperous Age", advocated mercantilism, and promoted Zheng's modern "commercial war".

Kang Youwei and his disciple Liang Qichao are the most outstanding reformist thinkers in modern Lingnan. They made the trend of reform and reform popular all over the world, instigated the Reform Movement of 1898, and hoped to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy in China.

Lingnan is the birthplace of modern bourgeois-democratic revolution in China, and Sun Yat-sen is the greatest bourgeois-democratic revolutionary in China trained by Lingnan. The strategy of founding the country embodies Sun Yat-sen's philosophical theory and social and political theory.

Lingnan had formed its own aesthetic ability and concept before accepting China culture. It has absorbed and integrated the aesthetics of Southeast Asia, the Middle and Near East, Africa, the West and Japan in its long-term overseas contact, and its artistic creation is rich and colorful, with its own artistic style.

Folk songs mainly include salty water songs, Cantonese obituaries and Nanyin. Cantonese series. Hakka folk songs, tea-picking songs and moon songs in Hakka dialect. Special collections include Cantonese cuisine, the ancient view of the sea in eastern Guangdong and Liu Yue.

Lingnan poetry created a poetic style in Zhang Jiuling in the Tang Dynasty, and many famous poets emerged in Lingnan. After the constant maturity of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Lingnan Poetry School came into being in the early Qing Dynasty, which highlighted the traditional poetry style of Lingnan and was full of pioneering spirit and realistic style. Representative figures include Qu Dajun and Chen Gongyin.

Lingnan School of Painting is also unique. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lingnan painting circles formed a unique style full of individual expression, innovation and change, and paid attention to techniques, and great painters such as Shi Tao, Ju Lian and Ju Chao appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, Gao, Chen, Chen and others founded Lingnan School of Painting, advocated "eclecticism, linking ancient and modern", and established the modern, nationalized and popular style of China's painting.

Guangdong music is unique in China with its beautiful melody, fresh and lively rhythm, crisp and bright timbre and short and pithy structure. Representative works include Thunder on a Dry Day by Yan Laolie, Down Curtains and Chain Buttons, Rain Beats Bananas by He Bozhong, Hungry Horse Rings the Bell, Sailong Won the Gold Medal and so on. Among Lingnan music, Chaozhou gongs and drums and Guangdong China music are also famous.

There are 27 kinds of dramas in Lingnan, among which Cantonese Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Qiongju Opera and Guangdong Hanju are the four major operas in Lingnan. Cantonese opera was sung in Cantonese, blended with local folk songs and minor tunes, and later boldly accompanied by some western musical instruments. Traditional plays include A pinch of snow, Er Li, San Guan Tang and so on 18 so-called Jianghu books. Cantonese opera is a representative drama in Lingnan, with impassioned singing, pathos, strong expressive force and strong appeal.

Among Lingnan folk customs, the year-end flower market in Guangzhou is the most famous and has the most local characteristics. Guangzhou, known as the Flower City, has a long history of planting flowers. In the Western Han Dynasty, flowers were always in bloom and varied. At that time, there were jasmine and jasmine who moved from other countries. There was a flower market in Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the flower planting industry in Guangzhou developed faster, and many farmers made a living by planting and selling flowers. The year-end flower market appeared in the middle of19th century, located in the downtown area, with a large scale and numerous tourists. After the flower market was formed, it became a market at the end of each year. Flower farmers in the four townships concentrated in the flower market to sell to the public, especially after nightfall, and the flower market dispersed after New Year's Eve.

Lingnan folk customs like to get up early to drink tea, eat snacks and chat in teahouses, which is called "drinking morning tea". There are many teahouses in urban and rural areas of Lingnan, which are open every morning, and the customers are in an endless stream.