The Origin of "Chang" in Surnames

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Analysis:

The origin and representative figures of the hundred surnames Chang

1. It is said that in the era of the Yellow Emperor five thousand years ago, many ancient people took Chang as their surname. According to legend, the second princess of the leader of Zhou Shangzong is called Chang Yi, who is famous for making good use of the moon, the new moon, the string and the moon. In ancient times, "Yi" and "E" were used at the same time, so the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in later generations may have evolved from Chang 'e. There is Chang Xian who was once appointed as a general by the Yellow Emperor. This is the earliest common surname in history. Therefore, Chang's family should be said to have existed five thousand years ago, especially for Chang's family in Henan.

2, from the surname Ji, Yi is the surname, and is the descendant of Wei Kangshu. According to Yuan He Shi Dian and A Brief Introduction to Genealogy, after Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he named his younger brother (Wang Wen's youngest son) Kang Yi, who was called Kang Shufeng in the world. Later, the Duke of Zhou (his younger brother) sealed the Shangdu area and the seven families of Yin and Min to Kang Shu and established the State of Wei. Wei became a vassal state of Wei in the first 254 years and was destroyed by Qin in the first 209 years. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou wantonly enfeoffed the princes, and the princes enfeoffed the fiefs. Wei Kangshu sealed one of his sons in Chang (now southeast of Teng County, Shandong Province). After Wei's death, some of his descendants took the country as their surname, and some took the city as their surname, which was often called authentic in history. At the same time, it is not excluded that the descendants of Yin Shang changed their surnames to Wei or Chang. A common surname in Shandong.

3, from the descendants of Wu Gong in the Warring States Period. According to the surname research: "Wu Zetian has a constant surname", which is the constant surname of Jiangsu.

4, from the constant surname, so as not to change the surname. Located in the north of Song Zhenzong, it was synonymous with "Heng" and "Chang" in ancient times. Therefore, because he avoided the emperor, he changed his surname to Chang. Since the Duke Heng of Chu, this family of constant surnames has mainly thrived in the eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu.

Surname distribution

Chang's family originated in western Shandong today. At first, Chang took this place as the main breeding center. At the end of the Warring States period, the main branch of Chang family was propagated in Henan and southern Hebei, and has been scattered in the north and south of the river. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, a Chang family moved to Shanxi, forming a large family centered on Taiyuan County. At the same time, the origin of Luxi's constant surname also formed a large family. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, Chang's family moved to Sichuan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chang moved to Gansu. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xinfeng (now Lintong, Shaanxi) people often moved to Fujian. In the Song Dynasty, Chang's family was mostly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and some of them moved to Fujian and Guangdong, and finally arrived in Yunnan and Guizhou. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chang surname had been widely distributed in most areas of China. After the Qing dynasty, some Manchu people merged into Chang's family. Judging from the reproduction and migration of past dynasties, the most widely distributed Chang surnames are Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Hebei and Gansu in the north, followed by Jiangsu, Sichuan and Zhejiang.

Wang Jun Tang Hao

HallNo.: Hall of Knowing People: Changhe in Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan corps commander. Emperor Taizong asked hundreds of officials to write letters to discuss state affairs. He is often a martial man and can't write, so he has to ask his protege Ma Zhoudai to write more than 30 articles. Emperor Taizong was very happy and praised him for his good writing. Changhe didn't want to steal merit, so he told Taizong, "I can't read. This was written by disciple Ma Zhoudai. " Emperor Taizong immediately named Ma Zhou as the censor, praised Zhang Hezhi and gave 300 silks and satins. Chang also takes "Taiyuan" as the hall number.

County: Taiyuan County: In the fourth year of the Warring States Period (246 BC), Wang Xiang, a county in Qinzhuang, ruled Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi). The Qin Dynasty is equivalent to the area south of Wutai Mountain and Guancen Mountain in Shanxi and north of Huoshan Mountain. The Northern Wei Dynasty reverted to the county, which is equivalent to the Jinzhong area of Yangqu, Jiaocheng, Pingyao and Heshun today.

Pingyuan County: A county was set up in the Western Han Dynasty, located in the plain (southwest of Shandong Pingyuan County now), which is equivalent to today's Shandong Plain, Lingxian County, Yucheng County, Qihe County, Linyi County, Shanghe County, Huimin County and Yangxin County, roughly in the west of Shandong Province.

Hanoi County: Founded at the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, it is located in Huai County (now southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province), which is equivalent to the area north of the Yellow River and west of the railway (including Jixian County) in Henan Province. The Western Jin Dynasty moved to rule the wild king (now Qinyang, Henan).

Wuwei County: In the second year of Han Dynasty (BC 12 1), a county was established in Wuwei (now the northeast of Minqin, Gansu). After Ding Yuan, it is equivalent to the west of Gansu Yellow River, east of Wuwei, Dadong River and Daxie River basins. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to ancient Tibet (now Wuwei, Gansu).

Surname genealogy

Shanxi: Chang's genealogy 150, Taigu Chang's family is not divided into volumes, and Xiaxian Chang's five-room genealogy is not divided into volumes.

Jiangsu: six volumes of Chang genealogy in Fengxian county

Jiangxi: genealogy of Chang family in Wanzai North Gate (the number of volumes is unclear)

Shandong: eleven genealogies of Chang family in Taian

Hunan: Six Genealogies of Chang Family in Outang, Changsha Volume I (the number of volumes is unknown)

Great names in history

Chang Zhimei: Shandong teacher in Qing Dynasty. He is good at Apollo and tenderness, and pays attention to the study of religious philosophy. In addition to writing * * * texts, he also attached importance to teaching Persian classics, and later developed into the Shandong School of Confucian classics education in China, which had a great influence.

Chang Yuchun (1320- 1369), a famous Ming dynasty, was born in Huaiyuan, Anhui Province, and made great contributions to Zhu Yuanzhang's establishment of the Ming Dynasty. Good at shooting, claiming to be able to lead hundreds of thousands of people across the world, the army claims to be "often 100 thousand." 1369, he died suddenly on the way to conquer Kaiping (now the north bank of Lightning River in Inner Mongolia) and pursue Kaiping King.

Chang Lin: A native of wen county, Henan (now wen county, Henan), Cao Wei of the Three Kingdoms was a senior farmer at that time, and he was named the hometown of nobles. His descendants experienced Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and many people entered the DPRK as officials.

Chang Hui: A native of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, was a general from the official to the right in the Han Dynasty. He went to Xiongnu with Su Wu and was imprisoned for more than ten years. After he was released and returned to China, he was worshipped as Dr. Guanglu by Emperor Zhao and named as Duke Luo. Later, it replaced Su Wu as a typical country. After Chang Hui, several people were appointed Hou, and Taiyuan's regular family was prominent. Han Shu written by Ban Gu is also a biography specially written for him. He made great contributions to the cultural exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.