What is the origin and development history of whisky (2)

The Scottish document "Finance Book" in A.D. 1494 recorded the history of Scots distilling whisky. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the appearance of continuous distillers in England made Scotch whisky enter commercial production. After AD 1700, Irish and Scottish immigrants living in Pennsylvania and Maryland began to set up family-style brewing workshops there to distill whisky. With the westward migration of Americans, 1789, immigrants from continental Europe came to Bourbon County, Kentucky, and began to distill whisky. This whisky, which was later called "Kentucky Bourbon", became synonymous with American whisky because of its excellent quality and unique style. European immigrants brought distillation technology to America and Canada. 1857, a family-owned Seagram brewing workshop was established in Ontario, Canada, engaged in the production of whisky. 1920, Sam? Bronfman took over the "Gramm" company and founded the Gramm company. He used the abundant local grain raw materials and soft fresh water resources to brew high-quality whisky and sell it all over the world. Nowadays, Canadian whisky has become an important base wine for mixing wine in the world because of its light body. /kloc-In the second half of the 20th century, under the influence of western distilled liquor technology, Japan began to import original liquor to blend whisky. 1933, Shinjiro, the founder of Suntory, began to set up the first factory to produce malt whisky in Yamazaki, a suburb of Kyoto. Since then, Japanese whisky has gradually developed and become one of the bulk drinks in China. Whisky not only has a long brewing history and superb brewing technology, but also has a large output and a prosperous market. Very popular with consumers. It is one of the most famous distilled spirits in the world, and it is also one of the most sold drinks in a bar. History of Whisky-History of Ireland and Scotland Bushmill Brewery is located in antrim on the northern coast of Ireland, only 17 miles from Kindred Peninsula in Scotland. In fact, the origin of Scotch whisky is Kemp belton, which is closer to Bushmill than the brewery on Ella Island. Legend has it that there is a long underwater bridge between Irish and Scottish hebrides, and the huge basalt dike on the Ulster bank just two miles from Bushkill is the southernmost point of the bridge. This legend seems to confirm the historical origin of Ireland and Scotland, and of course it is also reflected in whiskey. Irish monks learned how to distill beer and wine during their pilgrimage to Mediterranean countries in the12nd century. Although distillation was initially limited to medicine, it did not stop its "entertainment" function. The knowledge of distillation mastered by these monks forms the same basis of Irish and Scottish whiskies. In the 18th century, Irish aristocracy actually preferred French cognac, while Irish whisky was considered as a low-grade thing. But soon, Irish whiskey was given such a difference between urban and rural areas. The wine that farmers drink is called Poi tin (privately brewed inferior whisky), while the wine that city people drink is called eaux-de-vie (French water of life). City people's whisky is also flavored with some herbs and plants, which is very popular even in Paris. By the end of18th century, there were an estimated 2,000 whisky distilleries in Ireland. 1779, the government introduced a new bill to tax all brewers. At first, the tax rate was low, which didn't make much difference. But in the second year, when there was a big improvement, those small whisky manufacturers were hit. A quarter of Irish wineries are closed or underground. By the end of18th century, there were only 15% wineries left in Ireland. The vicious circle of tax has greatly affected the Irish whisky industry, and the direct result of this policy is that whisky brewing is concentrated in the hands of a few manufacturers. At 1823, the whole whisky industry is concentrated in the hands of several big wineries, such as John jameson and John Ball in Dublin. It is hard to imagine that/kloc-canned whisky produced in Ireland at the beginning of the 9 th century will be more popular and respected than its Scottish relatives. However, several factors make Irish whisky lose its dominant position. Irish tax official Aeneas Coffey perfected the distillation column and applied for a patent. The Irish think that this distiller produces inferior whisky, which is not worth judging at all. However, Scotch's colleagues in the lowlands took the lead in using this new technology. They soon tasted the sweetness of mass production and exported mixed whisky to the world. 1945- 1948 Ireland's "Great Famine" drastically reduced Ireland's rural population 10%, and the grain used for brewing whiskey also decreased significantly. World War I declared the death penalty for Irish whiskey. Unlike their Scottish counterparts, people can still use column distillers to produce high-content industrial alcohol to survive, while the Irish are not so lucky. 1922, Ireland declared its independence from British rule, and Irish whiskey suffered another major blow. The British Parliament decided to ban the sale of Irish whisky in all British empires, except, of course, whisky produced in Ulster (Northern Ireland). Irish whisky lost its last big market after the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. When the United States reopened its market, Scotch and Canadian whiskies poured in again. In this way, the Irish government had to close all the distillation plants after World War II. The prospect of Irish whisky is very bleak. 1960, only four wineries were still operating in Ireland: Bushmills, Jameson, Powers and Cork Distillers. 1966, except Bushmills, three other companies decided to protest against the world's indifference to Irish whiskey. They set up an Irish brewery to produce the best Irish whisky. Finally, at 1973, Bush mills joined them, but kept the brewery in antrim. At present, there is only one company in the world that produces Irish whiskey. 1988, the French company Period-Ricardo acquired ID after fighting with another tycoon, Grand Metropolis. After solving the ownership problem, Irish whiskey seems to be ready to go. Although it is a negligible market share, it is still enough to make people happy. 1989 Easter, a new winery was born. Some Irish entrepreneurs set up Cooley Distiller Company (CD) after joint equity participation, in order to see the whisky industry start to compete again. When ID wanted to buy the CD and put forward the target to the Irish government, the Irish government refused to merge on the grounds of anti-monopoly competition, so the CD survived.