The history of Malaysian Chinese going south

According to China's ancient books, during the Tang Dynasty, a small number of Tang people went south to Malaysia to engage in commercial activities. At that time, the Tang people mainly stayed in business, but did not settle in large numbers.

By the Ming Dynasty, a large number of rebels and Hui people began to migrate to the South China Sea (Malay Archipelago). Due to his great contribution to the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He stayed in Lamanga many times, and later built Lamanga, Dagang and Surabaya into the base camp of his fleet, and also placed several Hui people as local leaders. There are Shi Jinqing in Dagang and several in Surabaya. Sunan Impert, Sunan Bonan, Sunan Caliga Ga, Sunan Gunongati, Sunan Giri, etc. They are honored as "Wali Asan" in Java, and there is also a controversial figure, the king of Bali Misura and Manraja. It is said that although he accepted the Persian Islamic title of iskandar Shah, he did not go back. Up to now, there are still a lot of relics related to Zheng He Hui people in Malacca. According to the records in Volume 325 of Ming History, Zheng He once escorted a large number of Daming personnel, including King Lamanga and Su Mi La, totaling 500 people, to settle in Lamanga. At the same time, the vigorous development of Islamic maritime trade has also prompted the activities of Hui people and Tang people in Manraja to increase day by day.

The success of Malaga Sultanate as an international trade port has also led to the change of the beliefs of many neighboring rulers, from the traditional belief of Hindu mixed Buddhism to Islam. 196 1 year, a famous Islamic scholar, Elder Hamga, clearly wrote a thought-provoking famous saying: "The development of Indonesian and Malaysian Islam is closely related to a devout Muslim in China, who is General Zheng He."

Some Tang people began to settle in Manraja because of their intermarriage with the local people, and they accepted assimilation and thrived. At this time, the Tang people began to form a settlement in Manru Ajia and became an important nation to form Manru Ajia. After Daming's weakness, these descendants of the Tang Dynasty who were intermarried began to alienate the motherland because of the inconvenient transportation and Daming's closed-door policy. Under the condition of blending with local culture, they gradually formed a new nation-Nyonya Baba. The mother tongue of Nian Ya Guan gradually changed from dialect (mainly the dialect of Ming Dynasty, that is, Fujian dialect) to mixed dialect and Malay Nian Ya Guan Minnan dialect, but it still retains various customs and ceremonies of Ming Dynasty.

During the Qing dynasty, many anti-Qing righteous people who refused to surrender also fled to the South China Sea generation. However, during the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants began to migrate to various parts of Malaysia after the Opium War. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was defeated, and China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, recognizing people's right to make a living overseas. At that time, because the British Empire needed a lot of human resources to develop Malaya Peninsula, a large number of workers (or coolies) of the Qing Dynasty were imported into Malaya Peninsula to become miners and planters. After the use of steamboats, the number of people coming from southern Qing increased sharply. At this time, the number of immigrants from the Qing Dynasty had greatly exceeded that of early Nyonya, so they were called "new visitors" by early settlers. During this period, there was a serious imbalance between male and female population in the Malay Peninsula. This is because the workers have a strong sense of hometown of overseas Chinese. Most of them don't intend to help the old and bring the young to settle in Malaya, but hope to earn enough money to return to their hometown.

1929, when the Great Depression began, the British Empire stopped importing labor from China. At this time, the Chinese female population began to immigrate to Malaysia in large numbers, and the proportion structure of men and women tended to be balanced. 1949 After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Malaya also faced challenges from Malaysia due to the hostility between the capital world and the production world, and China's immigration to Malaysia basically stopped. Since then, the Chinese population in Malaya has relied entirely on natural growth, not immigration. During the period of 19 10 1, Dr. Sun Yat-sen held a meeting in Penang, Malaya to discuss the March 29th Uprising in Guangzhou (known as Huanghuagang Uprising in history). The 29 China people who died in this uprising came from Singapore, Malaya, Viet Nam, Indonesian and other countries and regions. The oldest is Luo Lian, a 52-year-old Vietnamese overseas Chinese, and the youngest is Yu Dongxiang, born in Perak, with the age of 18. Among these martyrs, there are 15 workers, 3 businessmen, and the rest are students, journalists, teachers and missionaries. It can be verified that Li Binghui, also known as Zukui, is Malayan: 1. In his early years, he lived in Perak and studied English in a school set up by the church. Later, he was sent to a school in Malacca and assigned to the Presbyterian Church in Singapore to preach. At the age of 20, he passed by Hong Kong and received a letter from his mother advising him not to take risks, but he wrote a poem. During the uprising, Huang Xing attacked the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi and died in Gaudi Street.

2. Li Wan, a native of Yunfu, Guangdong, (1874-1911), a tailor worker in Kuala Lumpur, sold his bicycle for travel expenses in order to participate in the Guangzhou uprising. In the battle against the governor's yamen, he raised the flag and charged, and was shot and killed.

3. Li Yannan, a native of Kaiping, Guangdong, lived in Malaya and Myanmar in his early years. After being injured in the battle, he was arrested and sent to the execution ground.

4. Luo Zhonghuo, a native of Huiyang, Guangdong, (1881-191). Mingqiang, Zi Jun 1906 (thirty-two years of Guangxu) graduated from Penang Normal University. He helped organize Zunkong School in Kuala Lumpur and Huoshuishan Chinese School in the Netherlands (now Medan, Indonesia), and served as the principals of these two schools and the editor-in-chief of local newspapers.

5. Yu Dongxiang, a native of Nanhai, (1894-19 11) was born on the border of Perak, and191returned to China to participate in the uprising at the beginning of the year. He invaded the governor's yamen with Luo Zhonghuo and others.

6. Guo Jimei, a native of Zengcheng, Guangdong, (1892-1911), is a native of Ubian, Perak, Malaya. He was a miner before his death. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, Guo Jimei and Yu Dongxiang were friends of life and death, practicing martial arts and hunting together. After the Huanghuagang Uprising failed, Tong Sen Eu, a wealthy businessman in Wubian, took care of Guo Jimei and Yu Dongxiang's family and settled them at 400 and 404 Wubian Street respectively. It is reported that neither Guo nor Yu left any descendants, and their families' whereabouts were finally unknown. .

At the entrance of Sun Yat-sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in Sun Yat-sen's Sun Yat-sen Garden in Singapore, there are four bronze statues of martyrs in Huanghuagang. Two of them are Guo Jimei and Yu Dongxiang with knives and guns. Although the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China has defined overseas-born descendants of the Chinese nation and those naturalized in other countries as non-China citizens and non-overseas Chinese, and People's Republic of China (PRC) does not recognize dual nationality, China still misnames Malaysian Chinese as "overseas Chinese in Malaysia", "overseas Chinese in Malaysia" and "overseas Chinese in Malaysia". (It should be noted that the rights of "overseas Chinese" are expressly protected by the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), while Malaysian Chinese are Malaysian citizens and are not expressly protected by the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC). )