Song Shu ZhangChang biography classical Chinese examination questions

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ZhangChang, a Chinese character, was born in Wuxian. Xing Wu satrap Zhang Shao's brother's son. His father, Zhang Yuwei, was filial when he was young. He served in the state government for a long time and served as a doctor in Langya Kingdom. He followed King Lang to Luoyang. After returning to Beijing, Gao Zu sealed a jar of medicinal liquor and let Zhang secretly put it in. Zhang was ordered to drink poisoned wine and die on his way back.

When ZhangChang was young, he was just as famous as his uncles and brothers Zhang Fu, Natalie and Zhang Jing, and he was the best among the younger generation. At first, he served as the main book of the satrap Xu Pei, and Pei was killed. ZhangChang Dai Xiao rode a horse, which was appreciated by people who evaluated the characters at that time. ZhangChang's brother Zhang Mu was bitten by a mad dog. The doctor said he wanted to eat toad meat. Zhang Mu is very reluctant. ZhangChang smiled and tasted some first, so Zhang Mucai ate it and the injury healed. He was drafted by the state, and Wang Yiji of Hengyang called him to join the army for Lu Xing, and Liu Yikang of Pengcheng called him Pingbei main book, Stuart wine festival and Shangshu guest lang, but he did not accept it. He was also promoted to Zuo Minlang, and Liu, the king of Jiangxia, recruited him to join the army as the prefect of Jinan. In addition, he also served as an army officer in Yi Ji 'anxi, a satrap in South Yiyang, a guard in Linchuan and Wang Yiqing, and was engaged in the posts of corps commander, Yangzhou, Shangshu and princes.

Sai-jo guarded Pengcheng, and ZhangChang was appointed governor of northern Anhui and Pei Jun. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia (450), Rousseau's Tuoba Tao invaded the south, and King Qiu Jiangxia commanded various armies to guard Pengcheng and Surabaya. At that time, TaBaTao personally led a large group of people to Cheng Xiao, which is more than ten miles away from Cheng Peng. Although there are many people in Pengcheng, there is not enough food. Gong Yi wants to give up the city and flee to the south. After many days of discussion, he still can't make up his mind. At this time, there were fewer people and more food in Licheng. Shen Qingzhi, an Anbei soldier, suggested using a military vehicle battalion to form a letter box array. The two wings were equipped with elite troops to protect the two kings and Princess Yuan from moving to Licheng, and some troops were incorporated into the protection army to stay in Pengcheng. Qiu Chang Shi Hexu disagreed with this suggestion and wanted all the troops to go to Yuzhou by boat and return to Beijing by sea. Gong Yi has made it clear that he wants to leave Cheng Peng, but he doesn't know which suggestion to adopt, so he called the staff again to discuss the matter. Everyone panicked and couldn't think of other different suggestions. ZhangChang said, "If I can retreat to Licheng and Yuzhou, how dare I not? Now Pengcheng is short of food, and all the people want to escape, just because the city gate is locked and heavily guarded. If we let people out of the city and everyone is scattered, how can we get there even if we want to? Although there are not many grocery stores now, we haven't finished eating yet, that is, we can make various plans when we run out. How can you abandon an extremely safe plan and throw yourself into a dangerous death! If you must carry out the escape plan, Xiaguan will die in front of your horse. " After listening to ZhangChang's thoughts, sai-jo said to Gong Yi, "Since you are the commander-in-chief of the army, I dare not interfere with your future. I have no talent. As the head of a city, I feel extremely ashamed to lose my dignity and attract enemies. Abandoning the city and running away really put me in court. I am willing to live and die with this city and listen to ZhangChang. " ZhangChang's words were very firm. With the consent of sai-jo, Gong Yi gave up his plan to abandon the city and flee.

Xu Zeng, a Maoist assistant minister, took a post car to Pengcheng to deliver food equipment. When Xu Zeng left, the city sent cavalry to see him off. When Tuoba Tao heard the news, he immediately ordered hundreds of cavalry to chase Xu Wei who had just crossed the Huaihe River and got rid of the pursuit of enemy soldiers. With Xu gone, people in Pengcheng heard that the enemy sent troops to chase him, and they were all worried that he was captured and lost food equipment to let the enemy know that there was a shortage of food in the city. Gong Yi was worried and afraid of helplessness, and wanted to escape. After Xu Wei escaped from danger, the enemy troops also arrived in Pengcheng.

As soon as Tuoba Tao arrived, he boarded the tomb of Yafu in the south of Pengcheng and set up an account in the circus. Before TaBaTao arrived, sai-jo sent general Ma Wengong to Cheng Xiao. Wen Gong was defeated by the enemy and escaped by himself, but the coach Kuaiying was captured. At this time, Kuaiying came to the entrance of Pengcheng small market and said, "Master Wei, I will tell my ancestors that they are very tired after a long journey. If you have sugar cane and wine, you can give them some. " Fangcheng team girder method replied: "I will tell my ancestors for you." Kuaiying himself stated Cheng Xiao's defeat. Liang asked Kuai again, "Is the governor coming in person?" Kuai Ying replied, "Yes." Liang added, "Where are you now?" Kuai raised his hand and pointed to the southwest. Liang asked again, "How many soldiers and horses do they have?" Answer quickly: "More than 400,000." Liang Fa told Sai-jo about the situation, and Sai-jo sent someone to Kuaiying, saying, "I know they are very tired in marching all the way. Now I will give them two barrels of wine and a hundred sugar cane. I heard that they have camels, so I can send someone to send some to us. "

The next morning, Tuoba Tao boarded the circus stage and sent an envoy to the small city gate, saying, "Lord Wei told Anbei (sai-jo) to walk out of the city gate temporarily, and Wei mainly saw him. If we don't attack Pengcheng, why bother to defend the city? As for mules, donkeys and camels, they are all produced in the north. Now I'll send you some, along with other sundries. " The messenger said to Captain Xiaoshimen, "You can send troops to the south gate to receive our reward." Tuoba Tao sent camels, mules, horses, mink coats, food and sundries. They arrived at the south gate, which was closed. They asked to open the door but failed. ZhangChang stared at everything on the wall, and the enemy emissary asked, "Is that Zhang Changshi?" ZhangChang said, "How do you know?" The enemy envoy said, "Your name is famous all over the world. Why don't I know? " ZhangChang asked his surname, and the enemy envoy replied, "I have no surname in Xianbei, so I can't say." Zhang asked again, "Where are you from?" The other party replied: "Xianbei's official position is different from yours. You can't make it clear at once, but it is enough to be equivalent to your official position. Why did you close the city gate in a hurry and pull up the suspension bridge? " ZhangChang said, "My two kings thought that the main account of Wei had not been built, and the soldiers were exhausted, while I had 100,000 elite soldiers, all of whom wanted to kill the enemy and make meritorious deeds. Therefore, we are worried that your soldiers will be easily killed, so we just close the gate temporarily. When you have a rest, we will prepare the battlefield together and fight on a fixed day. " The enemy emissary said, "You should act in accordance with the law. Why pull the suspension bridge and use the lies of hundreds of thousands of people to deceive people?" . We also have fast horses, and the elite cavalry gathered from all directions are enough to compete with you. "ZhangChang replied," this is not just a law to set obstacles for princes. If I lied to you, I would say there were 1 million soldiers. Say a few hundred, this is precisely the soldier we have been with the two kings. There are troops and people from several States in the city, and some of them are not among the hundred thousand! We should fight against wisdom, not the army. Besides, Jizhou is a place where horses are produced in the north, so why should Mr. Wang talk about horses? "The enemy emissary said," No, guarding the city is your advantage, and fighting the wild is our advantage. We are as dependent on war horses as you are on cities. "A man named Yus once lived in the north of this city. Gong Yi asked him to identify the emissary of the enemy, and Yus recognized Li Xiaobo, the minister of the enemy. Thinking about it, I asked him: "Li Shangshu has worked hard all the way. "Li Xiaobo said," This should be something that you and I both know. " Said thoughtfully, "that's because everyone knows it's hard for you." Xiao Bo said, "Thank you for your kindness. "

After the gate was opened, ZhangChang let the guards and ceremonies recede. A man came out to Li See Xiaobo, and both sides presented gifts. The enemy emissary said, "The mink coat will be given to Qiu (), the camel and mule will be given to Anpi (Saizu), and the food such as wine will be tasted by my uncle." Tuoba Tao sent for wine and oranges. ZhangChang reported his ancestors' greetings to the opposite side: "Please be Lord Wei. I know that Lord Wei wants to see me and has been waiting for his visit. It's just that I was ordered by my country to shoulder the heavy responsibility of guarding the frontier. As a courtier, it's a pity that I can't communicate with outsiders and meet you right away. In addition, it is also common to defend cities in border towns. They just command the soldiers happily, so they work hard without complaint. We received what you sent us. We know that Lord Wei wants more oranges, so we will send them now. Qiu believes that the cold in the north is inseparable from the pleating of leather pants, and now he also sends some. Snail cups and miscellaneous dumplings are precious things in the south, and I will give them to you now. " Tuoba Tao sent someone to see him, saying, "Lord Wei has a letter to make peace with Qiu. Recently, our cavalry arrived first, and the vehicles were still behind, so there was nothing we could do. If you have gambling tools, you can lend them to us. " ZhangChang said, "If you want to gamble, I can tell you. But you were rude to my two kings from the beginning, and now you still use the imperial edict. Your ruling power is in your country, how can it be used here? " Xiao Bo said, "What is the difference between me and the imperial edict and the accusation?" ZhangChang said: "If the words can be connected, of course, they can be the same as originally said. However, due to the different specific environment of language use, there are always high and low. The' imperial edict' you just mentioned is not what we want to hear. " Said, "Are Qiu and Anbei courtiers?" Zhang said, "Yes." Xiao Bo said: "Why can't the monarch of a neighboring country use a letter to the courtiers of the neighboring country?" Zhang said: "You have never even heard of this statement in the Central Plains, let alone what the kings of neighboring countries said to our noble prince!" Xiao Bo said, "Lord Wei said that Qiu and Zhenjun are very young and far away from Jiangnan, so they should miss the imperial court very much. If you send letters to the imperial court, we can escort them, and if there is a shortage of horses, we can also send them to you. " ZhangChang said, "There are many ways to lead the way. You can go back and forth in one day, so don't bother Wei. " Xiao Bo said, "We know there are waterways here, but it seems to be occupied by white thieves." ZhangChang said, "Can a gentleman be called a white thief in white?" Xiao Bo smiled and said, "Now a white thief is no different from a yellow scarf and a red eyebrow." ZhangChang said, "You don't look like a Jiangnan person." Xiao Bo said: "Although it is not in Jiangnan, it is not in Qingzhou or Xuzhou." ZhangChang said: "Now there are thieves in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, but they are not white thieves." At this time, the enemy emissary asked, "I borrowed the gambling tools from you just now, why haven't you brought them?" ZhangChang replied, "My two kings are far away from you, so I can't arrive at the moment." Xiao Bo said, "When Duke Zhou washes his guests' hair, he has wet hair in his hand, and when he eats, he spits out the food in his mouth. Why are you two kings so simple and slow? " ZhangChang said: "Holding and vomiting was originally only available in the Central Plains." Xiao Bo said: "When guests are polite, the host should treat them with courtesy." ZhangChang said, "I saw yesterday that all the guests here had no manners!" Soon, the city gave them gambling tools.

Tuoba Tao sent someone to say, "Lord Wei sends his regards to Anbei. Cheng Tianzuo is an ordinary man, and we do know that he is not an outstanding figure in the Song Dynasty. Recently, he was stabbed nine times in Ruyang and fell into the water and died. I brought him up by myself, and most people will miss reunion when their relatives leave. We have told him that he just misses his brother very much. Now let his brother meet our emissary. " Cheng Tianfu said to the emissary, "My brother is carrying out the orders of the imperial court in Ruyang. He can't die for loyalty. Now that his brothers are two countries, why bother to meet each other? " Tuoba Tao also sent carpets, nine kinds of salt and lobster sauce, saying, "These salts have their own uses. Wei Zhu eats white salt. Black salt can cure abdominal distension, scrape off six baht with a knife and eat with wine. Protect your eyes and cure eye pain. Soft salt can't be eaten, cure the knife wound on horseback. You can't eat red salt, horseshoe salt, smelly salt and horse tooth salt, but you can chew Hu Chi. Citrus is what you are rich in. You can give us more. " He added, "Wei called Qiu and An Bei to send someone. Although it is difficult for us to show our friendship to the fullest, it is important to look at my height and age and observe my personality. If you can't send generals, you can also send effective servants. " ZhangChang announced the wishes of the sai-jo, and replied: "The appearance of Wei Zhu was drawn by the two peoples for a long time. With Li Shangshu personally taking orders, we are not worried that our friendship will not be fully revealed, so there is no need to send messengers. " The messenger added, "Lord Wei regrets that the horse he gave you earlier was not to his liking. If Anbei wants Malaysia, we'll give it to you. In addition, we have good horses. " ZhangChang said, "There is no shortage of good horses in Anbei. What you gave us was your own business, not what we asked you for. " Gong Yi gave Tuoba Tao ten candles, and Sai-jo also gave him a piece of brocade, and said, "It's really not that we are stingy and know that you want oranges, but it's not enough to give all your soldiers. I have already given it to Lord Wei, so it shouldn't be all gone at once, so I won't give it to you anymore. " Tuoba Tao also asked for sugar cane and pomegranate. Said: "Pomegranate is produced under leaves and is indispensable." Xiao Bo said, "Why do you wear leather shoes when producing rice and wheat in the south? What do you wear for your man to say? " ZhangChang said: "It's really embarrassing to say rice and wheat, but I have no skills but I was ordered to lead the army. Of course, I can't wear loose clothes to the battlefield. " Xiao Bo added, "Zhang Changshi, I am from Zhongzhou. I have lived in the north for a long time, and I have broken away from the customs of the Han nationality. I can't fully express my good feelings when the two countries go to war. I am surrounded by people who look at me. You should really understand me. " He also said: "Yongchang Wang is the younger brother of Uncle Zhu Wei. He used to guard Chang 'an for a long time, and now he leads 80,000 elite cavalry to Huainan. Shouchun kept the city gate closed and refused to come out to fight. He saw the head of Liu Kangzu that we sent him earlier. We know Wang very well. He is just an ordinary man. Why did the Song Dynasty send such people, but they never escaped? Since we entered your territory for more than 700 miles, none of you masters can resist our attack. The dangerous Zou Shan is your support. As soon as our vanguard troops fought with you, Cui hid in the cave My generals dragged him out, and Lord Wei gave him eternal life. Now he followed us here. Why did you rashly send Ma Wengong to Xiaoxian to let him run away? Your people are full of complaints and say,' You can collect taxes from us in peacetime, but you can't protect and save us in case of national disaster. "ZhangChang said," I know that your Yongchang King has passed Huainan, and Liu Kangzu was defeated by him. There was no news when the messenger came. Wang is a general in the south, not a talent, but deliberately let him lead the way because he is a northerner. The ice of the Yellow River will be closed before the big troops arrive. Wang considered withdrawing troops. This is not a command error, but the troops are a little confused because of withdrawing troops at night. Xuanxuan is a small town, with a teenage garrison commander, Chen Xian, and you, Wei Zhu, leading the national army, which can't be captured for dozens of days. Hu Chengzhi is also a bit handsome, no more than one brigade. No sooner had he crossed the melt water than Wei and his subjects fled desperately before they were caught. The troops on the slide are not ashamed. Although Zoushan's outpost was a little dangerous, most people along the Yellow River just surrendered to me in the Song Dynasty and just began to accept the influence of my civilization, so there was always the crime of adultery and theft. We just sent Cui to comfort them. What harm will it do to our country now that it falls into the hands of the enemy? It is worth mentioning that Wei Zhu personally led a hundred thousand troops to defeat a Cui? Hearing that Xiao and Xiang relied on steep mountains and rivers, they sent Ma Wengong and ten teams to show them. Duke Wen told the first three teams to leave the brigade. After he left, the stronghold XuanXuanJing led 100 cavalry to Liucheng, and Wei Jun fled in defeat. This is the result of underestimating the enemy, not being defeated by you. The people in our country are scattered on the banks of the Yellow River, so we should comfort and care for the people when the two countries are at war. However, your army entered our territory and destroyed it wantonly and cruelly, so many misfortunes happened, because Wei had no choice. The government is worthy of the people, how can the people have grievances? As for your 700-mile March, there was no resistance, first because of Qiu's ingenious plan, and second because of the wise strategy of the town army. Although I don't know the essentials of governing the country and keeping the country safe, I can't tell you the secret of using troops now. Xiao Bo said: "Wang Wei can't encircle Pengcheng, but can lead troops straight into Guabu." . If the war in the south is won, there is no need to attack the city and plunder the land. If the south can't succeed, Pengcheng is not what we want to do. It's time for me to go to the south and drink Yangtze River water to quench my thirst. "ZhangChang said," it's up to you to go or stay. It's unreasonable if your horse can drink the Yangtze River water. We should go back to our own lives and learn from each other later. " When ZhangChang finished, he came back. Xiao Bo caught up with him and said, "Zhang Changshi, I deeply love and respect you. We are fighting with each other now. Unfortunately, we can't talk with you hand in hand. " ZhangChang said to him, "Please take care of yourself. I hope the war will end one day, and the day when you and I meet will not be far away. If you can go back to the Song Dynasty, now is the beginning of your acquaintance with me. " Xiao Bo said, "I'm afraid it won't wait until this day." Bartotao also sent someone to borrow cricket, pipa, guzheng, flute and Go from Erwang. Gong Yi replied, "I was ordered by the imperial court to fight outside, and I didn't bring anything interesting. At this banquet, I just asked the town government to invite some geisha with hundreds of strings, all of which are treasures of the south of the Yangtze River. Now I give them to you. "sai-jo said," as a local guard, I didn't pay attention to these things, what's more, those you want are ordinary musical instruments of musicians. "I also checked the gifts from previous kings and found these Pippa. Now I give them to you. Go is also sent together. " Li Xiaobo's language can debate courage, which is also the pride of the North; ZhangChang, on the other hand, improvises, speaks fluently, rhythmically and personably. Li Xiaobo and people on both sides admire him very much.

The enemy soon arrived at the south gate of Pengcheng and set fire everywhere. ZhangChang personally went to the front to fight, taking the lead. Later, Tuoba GUI fled from Guabu North and passed through Pengcheng, and sent someone to shout to the city: "We have run out of food, so let's go back for the time being and go south when the wheat is ripe." Gong Yi was too scared to close the city gate to catch up with the enemy. It's time for the enemy to invade the south again. Gong Yi discussed that he wanted to cut down the wheat seedlings and move people to the castle to live together. But everyone's opinions could not be unified, so he called everyone to discuss. Only Wang Shenjun, the secretary of the town army, said, "If the enemy doesn't come, we can be safe;" You can't use this method again. If you keep people in the city, they will be hungry for a long time. In spring, they can go to the wild to collect wild vegetables to preserve themselves, but as soon as they enter the castle where they live, they will starve to death immediately. People know this is a dead end, how can they care? If the enemy must come, it is not too late to cut the wheat. " Everyone present was silent, and no one dared to argue with him. ZhangChang said: "What Sun Xiao said is really worth considering." Dong Siyuan, the imperial edict of the town's military government, stood beside Sai-jo and said, "Wang Shuji's suggestion cannot be considered, but it should be implemented as planned." Don't force Wang to say, "This opinion is right." ZhangChang adjusted the boat in his hand and said to sai-jo, "I want the king to impeach me." Sai-jo asked, "What's wrong with Wang not driving?" ZhangChang said: "The migration of wheat harvesting is a major event, and the safety of ordinary people depends on it. Dou Jiande is a state official. At first, he didn't show any approval or opposition to this matter. When he heard Dong's words, he echoed to please the people around his ancestors. How can he serve the king? " Xia Zi was ashamed and Si Yuan was embarrassed. Therefore, Gong Yi's opinion was not adopted. Mao heard that ZhangChang put forward correct suggestions for many times and appreciated him very much. Sai-jo was still stationed in Pengcheng, and the court ordered ZhangChang to return first and put him in charge of Xuyi City.

At that time, the enemy Lu claimed to invade from Xiangyang, so the court appointed him as the commander-in-chief of Nanqiao and the satrap of Nanjun. I also wanted him to succeed Liu Xingzu as governor of Qingzhou and Pengcheng, but none of them were implemented.

In the 30th year of Yuanjia (453), Yuan Chijun rebelled. On the day of Yi Xuan's mourning ceremony, Ban Shi and ZhangChang were elders, ranking first among all officials. They looked sad and had a great influence at that time. After mourning, he changed his clothes, put on yellow leather pleated pants and went out to choose soldiers. His voice and manner attracted people's attention. Everyone who meets him is willing to work for him. After the incident subsided, the court called him the official minister, a county magistrate and a thousand households in the food city. After having a bad plan in Yi Xuan, Cai Chao and others persuaded Yi Xuan to stay because ZhangChang won the admiration of the people. So Yi Xuan deposed Naaman as a captain, awarded this position to ZhangChang, and added a champion general to lead the Prime Minister's long history. The suspicious behavior of sending disciple Bao Monk to Beijing to report to the Yanjun .. Bao Monk has a batch of contraband parked in Baling, and will soon go east, just in time for Yi Xuan to launch a mutiny, and the land and water traffic is cut off, so Bao Monk can't leave. Yi Xuan wanted to start an army, but Zhai Lingbao, his confidant, arrived in advance and said, "The imperial court chose a ship to train, only to beg me to go to heaven. Now we have to fight for self-defense. " ZhangChang said, "Of course not. I am willing to swear by my death. " Knowing that ZhangChang wouldn't listen to them, Lingbao suggested that Yi Xuan kill him. So Yi Xuan sent someone to call ZhangChang and let him live in Dongzhai. I haven't seen you for many days, but thanks to Sima Zhu's protection, I was spared. Yi Xuan gave him the rank of Fujun, and did not set up a military department to buy people's hearts. Although ZhangChang signed official documents when he was in office, he was always drunk, regardless of those official documents. Later, Iraq was defeated in Liangshan and fled hastily. ZhangChang returned alone in the confusion of soldiers, and was robbed by soldiers, even his clothes were taken away. The right general Wang rode out of the camp, took some rags and pushed Wang into the car. Xuan Mo was very unhappy. Some of his generals tried to kill ZhangChang, so the team advocated world rescue. ZhangChang was taken to the capital, and the court handed him over to the warders, deprived him of his title and fief, and matched him with the left and right. He was soon pardoned.

ZhangChang returned to the imperial capital Shangshu, transferred to Shi Zhong, and succeeded his son Zhang Yan to lead the right-back of Prince Taizi. Xiao Jian two years (455), Ren Huiji satrap. In the first year of Taiming (457), he died at the age of fifty. Posthumous title is Zi Xuan.

My son joined the army at Zhang's suggestion.