(28 points) Fully understanding regional geographical features, developing economy according to local conditions and protecting ecology are the basic requirements for realizing regional sustainable de

(28 points) Fully understanding regional geographical features, developing economy according to local conditions and protecting ecology are the basic requirements for realizing regional sustainable development. Read the following

(1) Close to the origin of raw materials (2 points) and close to the consumption market (2 points)

(2 points) Overgrazing (2 points) and over-reclamation (2 points) (in no particular order)

(3 points) Electric power industry (2 points),

Advantages: ① Comprehensive utilization of coal resources.

② Make full use of waste and reduce pollutant discharge. (2 points per point, ***4 points)

(4)① Relieve the energy shortage (or alleviate the power supply shortage); ② Relieve the transportation pressure; ③ Optimize the energy consumption structure; ④ Improve the quality of atmospheric environment. (2 points per point, ***8 points)

(5)① Make the population capacity of the emigration area tend to be reasonable; (2) protecting and restoring the natural ecological environment in the emigration area; ③ Reduce soil erosion; ④ Reducing land desertification; ⑤ It is beneficial for the remaining population to get rid of poverty and become rich. (2 points for every point, 6 points for any three points correctly)

Analysis of test questions:

(1) Reading the second material, we can see that the "Cow Belt" has raised more than 1.3 million cows, and has sufficient fresh milk supply, which provides raw materials for dairy processing enterprises on the cow belt, close to the origin of raw materials. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao, Lanzhou and other big cities are the main consumer markets of dairy products. Dairy processing bases have been established in these big cities in order to get close to the consumer market and occupy the market quickly.

(2) Judging from the map, Area C is located in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the northwest of Liaoning Province, which is a transitional zone between agriculture and animal husbandry. In order to develop production and increase economic income, people may adopt the method of overgrazing to increase the output of livestock products, leading to grassland destruction. Through excessive reclamation, the cultivated land area is expanded, the grain output is increased, resulting in vegetation reduction, land degradation and desertification. These modes of production at the expense of destroying the environment are unreasonable.

(3) Area B is an energy production base. Combined with Figure B, it is not difficult to see that the energy in Area B is coal resources. In Figure B, D, the products of the industrial sector can be provided to coal mining, consumption areas and building materials industries, which shows that D is the power industry and provides electricity for other departments.

Advantages:

① There are abundant coal resources here, only coal is exported, and the added value of products is low. The development of electric power industry can comprehensively utilize coal resources and improve resource utilization and economic benefits.

② As can be seen from Figure B, the fly ash after power generation has become the raw material of the building materials industry, achieving the goal of making full use of wastes and reducing pollutant emissions. It has developed the economy and protected the environment.

(4) Shandong is located in the eastern coastal area, with a high economic level and insufficient energy resources. The "Ningdong DC transmission project" can alleviate the shortage of shandong energy (or alleviate the shortage of power supply). Changing coal transportation to power transmission will reduce the railway traffic volume and relieve the traffic pressure. Coal as energy has serious environmental pollution, and electricity as energy has less environmental pollution. Optimize the energy consumption structure and improve the quality of atmospheric environment.

(5) Different areas with different environmental conditions have different environmental carrying capacity. The emigration can make the population capacity of the emigration area tend to be reasonable, which is conducive to protecting and restoring the natural ecological environment of the emigration area. When the population moves out, the pressure on environmental resources will be reduced, the impact of human activities on the environment will be reduced, and the destruction of vegetation will be less, which can reduce soil erosion and land desertification. The coordination of population size, economic development level and environmental carrying capacity is conducive to the implementation of sustainable development and the poverty alleviation of the remaining population.