How many cities are there in China's special economic zones (what are the seven special economic zones)?

"Special Economic Zone" is a new term in China after the reform and opening up. Literally, it has something to do with the economy. For the policies of special economic zones, preferential measures such as tariff reduction and exemption should be taken to promote the economic and technological development of the countries where the special economic zones are located by creating a good investment environment, encouraging foreign investment and introducing advanced technology and scientific management methods. Of course, special economic zones will also implement special economic policies, flexible economic measures and special economic management systems, and adhere to the development goal of export-oriented economy.

China's special economic zone was born in the late 1970s. 1979 In April, Comrade Xiaoping first proposed the establishment of "export special zones", which was the first time that China proposed the establishment of special zones developed by economic means. After the development in the early 1980s and the growth in the 1990s, the establishment of special economic zones marked the further development of China's reform and opening up. From the late 1970s to the 1990s, seven special economic zones were established in Chinese mainland. During the period, it was renamed from "Export Special Zone" to "Special Economic Zone" on March 1980, and it was implemented in Shenzhen. According to its essence, special economic zones are also one of the main forms of free port areas in the world.

The establishment of special economic zones

1In July, 1979, the central authorities agreed to pilot export special zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, Fujian, which became the embryonic form of China Special Economic Zone.

1980 in may, the central government decided to rename Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen as special economic zones. And now the development momentum is very fierce, especially Shenzhen has made remarkable achievements, from a small fishing village to a strong economic city, among the first-tier cities.

1In April, 1988, Hainan Special Economic Zone was established. Hainan Province has become the only provincial administrative region in China as a special economic zone.

Starting from 1992, China began to accelerate the transformation of the special economic zone model to the national new district, among which the national new districts such as Shanghai Pudong began to operate gradually, which became an important symbol of China's new round of economic reform.

20 10 in may, the central government officially approved the establishment of special economic zones in horgos and Kashgar. This is also a sign that economic development has shifted from coastal cities to inland cities.

How are these special economic zones developing now?

Hainan province 1

Hainan is the only provincial unit in China Special Economic Zone and the only free trade pilot zone in the province. Hainan Province has a total land area of 35,400 square kilometers, including 33,900 square kilometers of Hainan Island and 2 million square kilometers of sea area.

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bounded by Qiongzhou Strait in the north, facing Vietnam across the sea in the Beibu Gulf in the west, facing Taiwan Province Province in the South China Sea in the east, and bordering the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the South China Sea in the southeast and south.

Hainan has four prefecture-level cities, five county-level cities, four counties and six autonomous counties. The resident population is 9,447,200. In 2020, the GDP of Hainan Province will be 553.239 billion yuan.

2. Shenzhen City

Shenzhen is a sub-provincial city, a city with separate plans, a megacity, a special economic zone, a national economic center city and an international city in Guangdong Province. The total area of the nine districts in Shenzhen is 1997.47 square kilometers, the built-up area is 9279.6 square kilometers, and the permanent population is1343.88 million, including 4,947,800 permanent residents and 849 1000 non-permanent residents.

Shenzhen is also one of the four central cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a national logistics hub, an international comprehensive transportation hub [8], an international science and technology industry innovation center and one of the three national financial centers in China, and is making every effort to build a pioneering demonstration zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, a comprehensive national science center and a global ocean centre city. Shenzhen is a port city with the largest number of ports, the largest number of entry-exit personnel and the largest traffic flow in China.

Founded in 1979, Shenzhen became the first special economic zone established in China in 1980. It is the window of China's reform and opening up and a new immigrant city, creating the world-famous "Shenzhen Speed" and being known as "China Silicon Valley". In 2020, Shenzhen's GDP was 2,767.024 billion yuan.

3. Zhuhai City

Zhuhai is a prefecture-level city and sub-central city in Guangdong Province, a China Special Economic Zone approved by the state, a core city on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, a seaside scenic tourist city and an important node city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Zhuhai is one of the representative cities of Guangfu culture, an important starting point for Guangfu people to go overseas, and one of the earliest special economic zones established in China.

Zhuhai has successively won the titles of National Garden City, National Health City, National Ecological Demonstration Zone, Top Ten Charming Cities in China, Top Ten Livable Cities in China, Excellent Tourism City in China, Most Happy City in China, National Forest City and China Ecological Civilization Award. UN-HABITAT awarded "International Best Living Environment Model Award" and "The Happiest City in China". In the comprehensive ranking of sustainable development of large and medium-sized cities in China 100 in 2020, Zhuhai has ranked first for three consecutive years.

By 2020, Zhuhai will have 3 administrative districts, 15 towns, 10 streets and 5 economic functional zones. In 2020, Zhuhai's GDP will be 34,865,438+94 million yuan.

4. Xiamen City

It is a sub-provincial city in Fujian Province, a city under separate state planning, a China Special Economic Zone approved by the State Council, an important central city, port and scenic tourist city in the southeast coast.

Xiamen is located in the east of China, at the southeast end of Fujian Province. It is a national comprehensive reform pilot zone, a national logistics hub, a southeast international shipping center, a free trade pilot zone and a national marine economic development demonstration zone. It will become a demonstration zone for cross-strait cooperation in emerging industries and modern service industries, a regional financial service center and a cross-strait trade center.

The total area of the six districts in the city is 1700.6 1 square kilometer, the built-up area is 397.84 square kilometers, and the resident population is 4.29 million, the registered population is 26 1. 1 ten thousand, and the resident population is 22 1 ten thousand. In 2020, Xiamen's GDP will be 638.402 billion yuan.

5. Shantou City

Shantou is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, one of the four cities in Chaoshan, one of the cities in Shantou-Chaoshan metropolitan area, and one of the first special economic zones established in China. Shantou is an important port city along the southeast coast of China, an important gateway to the Maritime Silk Road, a sub-central city of Guangdong Province, an open port city along the coast of China, a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, an excellent tourist city in China, a top 100 city with investment environment in China and a brand economy city in China.

Shantou City is located at the southern tip of Hanjiang Delta, bordering Chaozhou in the north, Jieyang in the west and Nanhai in the south. Across the sea from Taiwan Province Province, Hanjiang River, Rongjiang River and Lianjiang River enter the sea. It is the only city in Chinese mainland with an inner bay.

Shantou six districts 1 county, with a total area of 2 198.7 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,664,800. In 2020, Shantou's GDP will be 273.058 billion yuan.

6. Kashgar region

Kashgar is an area under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Kashgar is located in the northwest of People's Republic of China (PRC) and southwest of Xinjiang. As the transportation hub of the ancient Silk Road, Kashgar is an international commercial port where Chinese and foreign businessmen gather. It is also the only national historical and cultural city in Xinjiang, which embodies the characteristics and essence of Uygur folk customs, culture and art, architectural style and traditional economy. 20 10 Kashgar economic development zone was approved as a special economic zone, which is the only region in the special economic zone.

Kashgar borders Taklimakan Desert in the east, Keping County and Awati in the northeast, Atushi County, Wuqia County and Akto County in the northwest, Pishan County in the southeast, Tajikistan in the west and Afghanistan and Pakistan in the southwest.

Kashgar is under the jurisdiction of * * */county-level city, 1 county and 1 autonomous county, with a total area of162,000 square kilometers and a total population of 4,633,800. In 2020, the GDP of Kashgar will be1130.2 billion yuan.

7. Khorgos City

Horgos is a county-level city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the western border of China, bordering Kazakhstan and five Central Asian countries in the west and inland provinces and cities in the east.

In 2006, China and Kazakhstan jointly established the China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center, which became the first cross-border free trade zone in the world, with a total area of 5.28 square kilometers, including 3.43 square kilometers in China and 1.85 square kilometers in Kazakhstan.

20 10 in may, the central government officially approved the establishment of a special economic zone in horgos, becoming the only county-level city in China. In 2020, Horgos' GDP was nearly 6 billion yuan.

Significance of establishing special economic zones

We can use foreign capital to introduce technology, improve product quality and enhance product competitiveness; We can use foreign sales channels to adapt to the needs and practices of the international market, so as to expand exports and increase foreign exchange income; It is conducive to introducing advanced technology and understanding world economic information; It is conducive to learning modern management experience and cultivating management talents; It can expand our access to the world and open a window for the world to understand China's reform and opening-up policy.

We can also see that the achievements of these special economic zones have effectively promoted the national economic development.