Is there really Sid in Spain in history?

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, 1043-1July 09910), the editor of xide, is known as Spanish fighter El Cid. Immortals in the Spanish heroic epic poema de mio cid. Afonso Vi of Castile was once a retinue and was exiled by the king in 1079. He fought against the enemy for the Spanish and Moors for a long time. Because of his loyalty to the king, he was loved after being recalled and became the ruler of lord protector and Valencia. Rodrigo Diaz de Wivall, editor of 1 profile, was born in a noble family in Bival. Rodrigo won the respect of Moors for his bravery and good fighting, calling him El cid (Arabic honorific title for men), which is translated as "Sid" in Chinese. King Afonso Vi of Castile betrothed his cousin Simon to Sid because of his outstanding achievements in fighting the Moors. 1080, Sid attacked the city of Toledo under Moorish rule without the consent of King Alfonso, which caused strong dissatisfaction in Afonso Vi and was exiled abroad the following year. Sid was forced to lead some relatives, friends and followers out of Castilla to serve in the army of King Moore who occupied Zaragoza and became the king's protector. Sid later broke away from King Moore. Because of his bravery, generosity and magnanimity, many soldiers from Castilla and surrounding kingdoms came to defect, and Sid's power grew rapidly. He fought against the Moors and won many battles. 1094, Sid captured Valencia and its surrounding areas and became the de facto ruler of this area. 1099, Sid was shot dead by an arrow while fighting the Moors in Valencia, and his wife Simone returned to Castilla with her body. 2 Life Editor of Characters

El Cid (1043- 1099), a Spanish military leader and national hero, was originally named Rodrigo Rui Diaz, and his father was a young aristocrat in Bival. He grew up in the court of Fernand I, and Sancho II appointed him commander-in-chief of the Guards after he succeeded to the throne of Castilla in 1065. 1067 Sancho conquered the Zaragoza dynasty established by the Moors and forced it to pay tribute to Castilla. 1067, Sancho and his brother Alfonso fought together to annex the kingdom of Leon, and Sid played a role in many victories in Sancho. Sancho was killed in the siege of Zamora in 1072, and Alfonso became the sole heir of Castilla, with the title of Afonso Vi. Sid is in an awkward position. He lost his post as commander-in-chief of the Guards, probably because of Afonso Vi's arrangement. 1074, he married Alfonso's niece Xi Mei Na, thus becoming in-laws with the Angkor royal family. But his situation in court is still sinister.

1079, he went to Moore Palace in Seville, when O'Donnel Granada, who took over as commander of his guards, attacked Seville. Sid participated in this event, defeated Granada's army in the Battle of Cabra near Seville, and captured Odonez. This victory led to his further demotion. 1080, Sid attacked the Islamic Kingdom of Toledo, which was protected by the king, without the consent of King Alfonso, causing strong dissatisfaction from the king and being exiled abroad the following year. Sid was forced to leave Castilla with some relatives, friends and followers to serve in the army of King Moore who occupied Zaragoza. He lived in Mu 'tamid and his successor Mu 'tamid II for 65,438+00 years. His knowledge of complicated Spanish-Arab politics, Muslim laws and customs will greatly help him to occupy Valencia in the future. 1082, he fought for Mu 'tamid and defeated the Moors in Florida and their Christian allies, including the Earl of Barcelona. 1084, he defeated the Christian army under the command of Sancho I Ramirez, king of Aragon. The Moorish rulers were extremely grateful to him and made contributions to him with generous gifts.

1086, North African Muslims were invited to Spain and defeated the so-called 600,000 Christian Coalition forces led by Afonso Vi in the Battle of Haas, sagra. After this fiasco, Afonso Vi put aside the past and planned to recall Sid. After meeting Afonso Vi, Sid returned to Zaragoza again, and did not participate in the war against the Mulabit dynasty, which was vital to Spanish Christianity. And he began to implement a long-term and complicated political strategy to realize his entry into Valencia, a rich Moorish kingdom. First, he eliminated the influence of the Count of Barcelona around Valencia, and then gradually strengthened his control over the ruler of Valencia, Kadir, and he sought protection from Sidnagon. 1092 June, 10, Valencia Prime Minister Ibn Hajjaf colluded with the Murabit dynasty. Sid took the opportunity to declare counterinsurgency. 1094 in may, ibn hajaf surrendered. Sid moved to Valencia and became a conqueror. He nominally ruled Valencia by Alfonso, but in fact he was an independent monarch. 1096, Sid converted the local mosque into a Christian church and appointed a French bishop Jerome to manage the new parish. A large number of Christian immigrants arrived. Later, Sid's eldest daughter married Lamirault, Prince of Aragon, and his second daughter married Ramon Bellenger III, Count of Barcelona, which further highlighted his image and status as a king [1].

1099, Sid was killed by an arrow in a war in Valencia. After his death, his wife Xi Mei Na put his body on a horse to inspire the army. (See the new version of Empire II Conqueror World War II) After Sid's death, Valencia was once again surrounded by Muslims. Although Alfonso sent troops to rescue, he was unable to send heavy troops to stay, so he burned when he retreated. On May 5, 2002, the Mourabit dynasty occupied Valencia until 1238. Sid's poema de mio cid was edited by poema de mio cid (the full name of this epic is My Poema de mio cid). (Boma de Miocid). "Sid" originated from Arabic and is a courtesy title for men. "My Sid" means "my master" or "my husband". ) is the earliest epic in the history of Spanish literature It turned out to be a wandering poem with unknown author. Some researchers in the history of literature think that it was written by priests, while others think that it was the work of wandering singers. The vagrant poems that prevailed in 12 century were all written by some unknown vagrant singers. They live in poverty, wandering around, or living in street squares, or hotels, or living in aristocratic houses. At that time, Spaniards were illiterate. They like to listen to bard's singing or reciting as entertainment and gain some historical knowledge. Poema de mio cid is the most intact wandering poem so far. It is generally believed that it was written in1140-1157 years, and the whole poem is more than 3,700 lines long. It is based on the life story of Rodrigo Rui Diaz through artistic processing. The whole poem is divided into three parts (three poems).

basic content

first part

Sent by King Alfonso, Sid went to Seville to collect tribute from King Moore, and then returned to Castilla. Jealous of his courtiers, Sid was angered by the king and ordered him to exile and leave Castilla within nine days. Sid had to lead several relatives, friends and entourage who volunteered to go into exile with him to Deka Denia Monastery to bid farewell to his wife and two daughters who had taken refuge there. Because the king ordered Sid to be deprived of his property, accommodation and meals for him and his men along the way became a problem. Although the people loved him, the king ordered them not to let Sid's people spend the night. No one dared to disobey the king's orders. In order to survive and strengthen himself, Sid left Castilla within a time limit and began to fight with the Moors and seize the spoils. In every battle, Sid always defeated the strong enemy with fewer, so his reputation became bigger and bigger, attracting many warriors from Castile and surrounding kingdoms to defect. Sid continued to fight the Count of Barcelona and captured him alive, but three days later, he was released again.

the second part

After capturing Valencia, Sid selected hundreds of horses and other precious items from the captured booty, sent Alba Pines to give gifts to King Alfonso, and asked the king to allow his wife and daughter to reunite in Valencia. Finis completed his mission and brought Sid's wife and daughter back to Valencia. After Sid defeated the Moroccan king's army that invaded Valencia, he once again sent Ness to send 200 good horses to the king.

Sid won all previous battles, won many trophies and became famous all over the world. The news reached Castilla and courtiers admired him very much. At this time, two noble children in North Korea-Fernando and Diego, descendants of Count carion, coveted Sid's property and reputation, and asked the king to act as a matchmaker and wanted to marry Sid's two daughters. The king agreed. He asked Sid to meet him by the tahoe River, praised Sid in public and forgave him. Sid didn't agree to marry his daughter to the two sons of Carion, but the king had promised, so he couldn't refuse. He just didn't want to officiate at the wedding himself. The representative appointed by the king sent nunes to officiate at the wedding.

Carion's two sons are greedy and timid. Sid's people look down on them and often laugh at them. Second childe bears a grudge and tries to get revenge. They asked to take their wives back to Carlin, and Sid agreed, and gave them two famous swords and many treasures. Sid didn't see through his son-in-law's sinister intentions, but an ominous sign made him more alert and decided to send his nephew Felix Mooney to escort him.

the third part

Two childe had a plan, when a group of people arrived at Corpus Oak Forest, they ordered Fritz Muniz and his entourage to go first. They stripped their wives of their coats, beat them unconscious, and then abandoned them in the forest for wild animals to swallow. Fortunately, Felaez Munez saw through their plot, quietly returned and rescued his two cousins in time. When Sid was informed, he sent someone to take back his daughter and appealed to the king, asking him to uphold justice. The king moved to Toledo, the capital of burgos, on 1087. ) Convene nobles and famous jurists, hold a command meeting and preside over the trial in person. Sid publicly exposed the crimes of the two sons of Carrion and wanted to return the property he gave them. Finally, he asked his two sons to duel and avenge himself. At this time, the prince of Navarra and Aragon sent messengers to propose to Sid's daughter, and the king agreed to their remarriage.

The duel was held in Carion. As a result, Sid's three soldiers defeated Carion's two sons and their brothers. Carrion's son's family admitted defeat, and Sid finally got his revenge. The poem ends with Sid's daughter's grand wedding.

Poema de mio cid praised the hero Sid as an outstanding national hero, which fully reflected the feelings and wishes of the people. As we all know, since the Moors invaded Spain in 7 1 1, the Spanish people have been invaded, oppressed and ruled by foreigners for a long time, and the contradiction between the Spanish people and the invaders Moors became the main contradiction in society at that time. It is the common aspiration of the Spanish people to get rid of foreign oppression, strive for independence and freedom, recover the country and unify the motherland. As a feudal knight, Sid was far from perfect (for example, he served in the army of King Moore several times; He also participated in the scuffle between the princes, but bravely fighting against foreign invasions and achieving brilliant results were the mainstream of his life story. Therefore, people regard him as a hero and the embodiment of national liberation will, so there are many legends about Xide among the people. The author of poema de mio cid combines these folk stories, highlighting his heroic deeds of fighting, resisting foreign invasion and recovering his homeland, and portraying him as a strong fighter against invaders and a national hero who embodies the traditional loyalty and courage of the Castilian people.

Thoughts and feelings

Poema de mio cid also reflects people's thoughts and feelings when describing the relationship between the protagonist and King Alfonso. Sid is a loyal minister. Although he was treated unfairly by the king-exiled him, he remained loyal to the king. Later, after occupying Valencia and becoming the de facto leader of the party, he remained loyal to Alfonso and bowed to him. From a historical point of view, Sid's loyalty fully conforms to the wishes of the people, because in the eyes of the people, the king is the leader who expels foreign invaders and reunites the motherland. Only when princes and ministers are loyal to the king and unite as one can they defeat the enemy. In fact, King Alfonso of Castile really played an active role in leading the people to fight the Moors and recover their land. Therefore, they strongly praised the princes who were loyal to the king, but they hated the arrogant feudal nobles. In addition, a large number of subordinates under Sid, represented by Alba Pines, are loyal to Sid, which also reflects this relationship. The author of the epic also made a sharp contrast between Sid, a loyal and brave hero, and some feudal nobles represented by Carrion: Sid's loyalty, integrity and generosity were fully praised, while Carrion and others' cowardice, greed, treachery and cruelty were mercilessly teased and exposed.

artistic value

From the artistic point of view, My Poetry is a work with realistic spirit. It not only vividly describes the characters, but also faithfully reflects the daily life, customs and people's mental outlook in Spain at that time. The language of the work is simple and natural, and the brushwork is concise and vivid. Many scenes, only a few strokes, are vividly displayed in front of us. For example, the depiction of fierce war scenes:

People only see knives and guns flying up and down,

Many shields were pierced,

Many pieces of armor were torn,

Many white flags were dyed red with blood,

Many ownerless horses are running wildly.

The moor shouted, "Muhammad!"

Christians shouted, "St. James!"

Another example is to describe Sid's farewell to his wife and daughter:

The bearded man stretched out his hands,

Holding a pair of daughters in her arms,

Let them stick tightly to your chest—

How much he loves them!

With a sigh, his eyes were already in tears.

"Donna Mei Na, my good wife,

I love you as much as I love myself.

I'll travel far, but you stay here,

The separation between life and death becomes obvious.

Pray for the consent of God and the Virgin Mary,

Let me handle my daughter's marriage by myself.

May I have the honor to live forever,

Come back to accompany you-my loyal wife.

Here we see the other side of Sid as a brave soldier-his deep love for the people he loves.

basic feature

As far as language art is concerned, poema de mio cid, as an early work in the history of Spanish literature, is somewhat rough compared with contemporary works. As mentioned above, it is a wandering poem. Wandering poems are written for oral singing. Therefore, the main requirements are smooth and pleasing to the ear, not too particular about rhythm, and each syllable is not fixed, sometimes very different. Because there is no fixed place to sing, the audience is very complicated and the order is not good. In order to make the story clear, singers often sing some important paragraphs over and over again. These are the basic features of vagrant poetry.

Historical significance

Poema de mio cid not only occupies an extremely important position in the history of Spanish literature, but also is a work that cannot be ignored from the perspective of the history of world literature. In the history of literature, it is often juxtaposed with Song of Roland in France (1080) and Song of Nibelungen in Germany (1200), which are collectively called the three great heroic epics in medieval Europe.

Gao Naiyi (1606— 1684), the editor of the script Xide, created Xide, which is the first famous French classical drama set in Spanish history. Sid is a hero in history, and this play caused a sensation in Paris when it was shown in 1636.

The story goes like this: Don Roddick and Schmanna fell in love, but the lovers' fathers quarreled over the king's choice of the prince's master. When couples are lovers, Schmanna's father simply slaps each other. Don Roddick's father ran home and explained what happened to his son. The son's heart suddenly contradicted, and his father's revenge must be reported, but the other party is the lover's father. Do you want a father or a lover? Finally, he found Schmanna's father and killed his lover's father in a duel. His father was killed by his lover, and Smana was extremely ambivalent. Finally, she decided to ask the king to execute Don Roddick. Just as she made up her mind, Don Roddick asked Schmanna to kill him with the sword in her hand. The development of the plot is that Don Roddick played a neutral role in stopping the Moors, and mana forgave his deep love for Don Roddick.

1636, French dramatist Gao Naiyi created the tragicomedy Sid based on Spanish dramatists Castro and Guillian de Castro (1569- 163 1). Sid was staged at the beginning of 1637, which caused a heated discussion and was banned. Gao Naiyi was silent for three years, and only wrote Horace (1660), Sina (164 1) and Polly urquhart (1643) in 1640. These three plays are all set in ancient Rome, and together with Sid, they become Gao Naiyi's "Classical Tetralogy".

Although the play caused a sensation in Paris, it was also retaliated by the then cardinal and prime minister Li Sailiu. At his behest, the French Academy published "French Academy's Criticism of Sid" in 1638. The involvement of the French Academy in a small play is a major event in the history of French drama. [2] From 65438 to 0629, Gao Naiyi wrote more than 30 plays in his life. In his later years, he struggled with the young Racine, and finally quit the stage forever after the failure of the tragedy "Su Liang Yi" (1674).