Sichuanese have long since disappeared, but do you know where Sichuanese are today?

Copywriter and producer: Yuan Zaiyu; Copywriter: Long Siyi

Located in the southwest corner, Sichuan is known as "the land of abundance". There are 80 million people living here, including Han, Yi, Tibetan, Qiang, Miao, Tujia, Lisu, Naxi, Buyi, Bai, Zhuang and Dai, ranking fourth among all provinces, making it an out-and-out populous province.

However, most of these 80 million people do not have the blood of the ancient Shu people. The real Shu people disappeared as early as two thousand years ago with the demise of the ancient Shu civilization.

Most Sichuanese today are descendants of immigrants.

All corners of the country "fill" Sichuan

The first batch of Sichuan immigrants can be traced back to the Warring States period.

At that time, King Huiwen of Qin saw that Sichuan was a treasure with great development potential, so he sent troops to destroy Sichuan through Jinniu Road and occupied Bashu area. In order to promote development, King Huiwen of Qin issued a decree to release all people who violated Qin laws to Sichuan, which opened the prelude to immigration to Sichuan.

Later, the famous "water experts" Li Bing and his son were ordered to build water conservancy and Dujiangyan in Chengdu Plain, which greatly improved the agricultural conditions in Sichuan.

Agricultural conditions are good, and then a lot of manpower is needed. However, after several Guanzhong immigrants, the labor force in Sichuan is still insufficient. In order to solve the shortage of manpower, after the first emperor swept Liuhe, a large number of adherents of the six countries moved to Shu.

Since then, after several generations of kings in Qin and Han Dynasties, Sichuan has changed from a desolate place to a rich "land of abundance".

The second batch of Sichuan immigrants occurred in the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos and the people were in dire straits. First, the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, the warlord regime, the tripartite confrontation, followed by the Eight Kings Uprising, five chaos, the Central Plains region was constantly in war. The rich "land of abundance" has naturally become the "favorite target" of the fleeing people and won the favor of refugees.

Therefore, during this period, a large number of people chose to immigrate to Sichuan, which started the second "immigration fever" in Sichuan.

After this immigration, the population of Sichuan has directly increased several times.

The third batch of immigrants occurred in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms period.

After the Anshi Rebellion and the Huang Chao Uprising, the empire of the Tang Dynasty collapsed, leaving dozens of small regimes, such as the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty, the later Zhou Dynasty, Qian Shu, the later Shu Dynasty, the Southern Wu Dynasty (Wu Yang), the Southern Tang Dynasty, wuyue, Min, the Southern Chu Dynasty (Ma Chu), the Southern Han Dynasty, Nanping (Jingnan) and the Northern Han Dynasty. China went into troubled times again.

At that time, Shu and Southern Tang ruled Sichuan successively. The rulers of these three countries are not ambitious and "peace-loving", so the environment in Sichuan is relatively stable compared with that in the north, and because the rulers like poetry and songs, they have become "cultural shrines", attracting a large number of literati and gentry from the Central Plains to immigrate to Sichuan.

The Tang Dynasty culture brought by this immigration has a far-reaching influence on Sichuan culture. For a long time after that, Sichuan had the legacy of the Tang Dynasty.

The fourth batch of immigrants occurred in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, which was called the first time of "Huguang filling Sichuan".

At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the people of Sichuan fought to the death against the Yuan Army. Therefore, after the Mongolian fighters invaded Sichuan, they "liquidated" the Shu people and slaughtered the city.

By the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Sichuan had dropped from10 million to 800,000 (including Mongolian soldiers and civilians). In order to change the situation that Sichuan is sparsely populated and restore Sichuan's economy, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered a large number of people from Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong to move to Sichuan, accounting for 300,000 people.

It was not until the late Ming Dynasty that the vitality of Sichuan Province gradually recovered and the population rose to 4 million.

The fifth batch of immigrants occurred in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties more than 300 years later, which is the famous second "Huguang filling Sichuan".

After the downfall of Zhang Heqing's army, Sichuan was attacked by plague and suffered a devastating blow, becoming a "no man's land". According to a census in the 24th year of Kangxi, there are only 90,000 people left in the vast Sichuan.

In order to restore Sichuan's economy, Emperor Kangxi promulgated the Imperial Decree of Chu People Living in Sichuan, and ordered the people in Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong to be forcibly brought to Sichuan.

Driven by the government, many mainlanders have joined the ranks of immigrants and traveled to Sichuan, a "land of opportunity".

This makes the population of Sichuan a "hodgepodge". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the population composition of Chengdu alone was extremely complicated, and almost all of them were descendants of immigrants from other provinces. Among them, Hubei's ancestral home accounts for 15% of the total population, Hunan 10%, Henan Shandong 5%, Shaanxi 10%, Yunnan Guizhou 15% and Jiangxi 65438.

This is the largest migration in Sichuan history.

The last large-scale migration took place during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Due to the fall of Nanjing and the emergency of Wuhan, the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing, the "foggy city". What followed was the inward migration of large enterprises and academic institutions.

At the same time, a large number of refugees also flooded into Sichuan and settled down with the wave of inward migration.

This kind of immigration indirectly promoted the development of industry and education in Sichuan.

What Yuan said to me.

It can be said that immigrants from all over the country created Sichuan today. With the efforts of generations of immigrants, Sichuan has developed step by step and become a province with a large economic population.

Whether our ancestors came from Shaanxi and Gansu in the northwest, Shandong and Henan in the central plains, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian in the southeast, or Huguang, now everyone is the same, speaking the same dialect, and they are all native Sichuanese.

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