Major events in American history

American War of Independence (English:1775-1783), or American War of Independence, was a war between the British Empire and its colonies in North America 13 states, as well as several European powers.

The war started as a war against British economic policy, and later, because France joined the war against Britain, the scope of the war far exceeded that of British North America.

The long-term exploitation of the colonies by Britain has seriously hindered the economic development of the colonies in North America. In order to counter the British economic policy, the people of North America rose up and fought.

The shooting in Lexington, which started in April 1775. 1776 On July 4th, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson, proclaiming the birth of the United States.

2. Civil War

The American Civil War is the only one in American history. The two sides involved in the war are the United States of America in the north and the United States in the south.

The war began with the shelling of Fort Sumter by the Southern Union and ended with the victory of the Northern Union. At the beginning of the war, the north fought for national unity, and later, it evolved into a revolutionary war to eliminate slavery. ?

The civil war was the first large-scale war after the industrial revolution, during which the standards of modern warfare such as tactics, strategic thinking and battlefield medical care were established. Most of the 3.5 million people who took part in the war were volunteers.

The war killed 750,000 soldiers and disabled 400,000 soldiers. Relevant associations estimate that the death toll may be higher, and the number of civilians affected is unknown.

The civil war left a deep impression on Europa observers at that time. Karl Marx said that the civil war was a unique great war in military history. This civil war is of great, historic, progressive and revolutionary significance.

3. Westward Movement

The westward movement refers to the movement of residents from the eastern part of the United States to the western region, which began at the end of 18 and ended at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century.

However, with the westward movement, a large number of Indians were slaughtered, and the survivors were forcibly driven to a more desolate "reservation". The forced migration of Indians is also known as the "road of blood and tears" of Indians.

The budding American civilization was destroyed, and Indians, as one of several human species, basically became extinct as a whole.

After the independence of the United States, a century-long westward movement was launched. In the westward movement, a large number of immigrants moved to the west for different reasons, which objectively eased the contradictions among the bourgeoisie, expanded the domestic market, destroyed the balance between the free state and the slave-holding state, and laid the foundation for the victory of the civil war.

The westward movement is an act of aggression by the United States to expand its territory and annex land. It developed the western part of the United States today and wiped out many Indian civilizations. At that time, the land in the west was owned by Indian tribes.

A group of pioneers explored the west and established good relations with Indian tribes, marching all the way to the Pacific Ocean, which is now Mexico. Later, a large number of people, including the government and the army, flooded into the west, plundered, induced, deceived and slaughtered Indians and developed the west.

4. Industrial Revolution

/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, the United States began to industrialize, but after the civil war, it entered a mature stage. In less than 50 years from the Civil War to the First World War, the United States has changed from an agricultural country to an urbanized country.

Machines have replaced manual work, and products have greatly increased. The national railway network has improved the circulation of goods. In order to meet the needs of the public, many new inventions have entered the market. The banking industry provides loans to promote the development of industry and commerce. ?

Therefore, the nearly 30 years from 1890 to 19 17 is called the so-called "progress period", 19 14. The first world war broke out, and in 19 17, the United States was finally involved in the whirlpool of war and tried to play a new role in the world.

5. World War II

1939 In September, Germany attacked Poland, and World War II broke out in an all-round way. Roosevelt signed the Lease Act in March 194 1 to provide materials to countries at war with Germany, Italy and Japan.

On August 14, Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill published the Atlantic Charter. On September 24, the Soviet government agreed to its basic principles, and then held a meeting of the three countries in Moscow, which laid the foundation for wartime cooperation between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.

On February 7, 65438, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and dealt a heavy blow to the US Pacific Fleet. The next day, the United States and Britain declared war on Japan. Britain and the United States lost one after another from the beginning. 1942 in may, the us army repelled the Japanese army in the naval battle of midway. From the end of the same year to the beginning of the following year, the United States defeated the Japanese in the battle of Guadalcanal, and the US military turned from defense to attack, which led to a turning point in the Pacific War.

1 942 65438+1October1The United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and China signed the Joint National Declaration. In August, British and American troops landed in North Africa. 1The victory of Stalingrad in February 1943 fundamentally changed the situation of the anti-fascist war in Europe.

In July of the same year, American and British troops landed in Sicily. Landed in southern Italy in September. 65438+ 10 Italy surrendered. ?

1943165438+10 In October, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin held a Tehran conference. 1June, 944, allied forces from Britain and the United States landed in Normandy, France, opening up the second battlefield in Europe. On April 1945, Roosevelt died and Truman succeeded him as president.

In May, Germany announced its unconditional surrender. In July, the heads of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union held the Potsdam meeting, and the United States and Britain reached an agreement with the Soviet Union on handling Germany, Poland and other issues. The United States, Britain and China issued the Potsdam Proclamation, demanding that Japan surrender unconditionally.

The United States and the Soviet Union reached an agreement on the Soviet Union's war against Japan. On August 6, the US military dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. On August 8, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and on August 9, the US military dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered and World War II ended.

Truman appointed MacArthur as the supreme commander of the allied forces stationed in Japan and the American troops stationed in Japan, which realized the situation that Japan was exclusively controlled by the United States.

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