What are the characteristics of water resources distribution in China?

What's the status of water resources in China? China is a country short of water resources, which are unevenly distributed in time and space. In recent years, China has suffered from severe droughts continuously, and the frequency and influence range of droughts have expanded, and the duration and losses suffered have increased. At present, there are more than 400 water shortages in more than 600 cities in China, of which 100 is seriously short of water, and the water supply in big cities such as Beijing and Tianjin has reached the most severe moment. At the same time, due to population growth, by 2030, China's per capita water resources will be reduced from the current 2,200 cubic meters to 1.700 to 1.800 cubic meters, and the water demand is close to the exploitable water resources, so the water shortage problem will become more prominent. Therefore, it is urgent to save water resources and strengthen the awareness of water shortage. Everyone must start from me and save every drop of water. In addition, there are other problems in China's water resources development: (1) flood disaster is a potential threat to national economic development and social stability; (92) Water use efficiency is not high; (3) Water resources are generally polluted. In 2003, the total discharge of major water pollutants from Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake remained high. Half of the tributaries in the Huaihe River basin are still seriously polluted, and the ecological water use of Haihe River and Liaohe River is seriously lacking. Among them, the West Liaohe River in Inner Mongolia has been cut off for five consecutive years. Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake are all inferior to five categories of water quality, and organic matter such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus are seriously polluted. Taking the Yellow River as an example, industrial pollution is the main cause of water pollution in the Yellow River, accounting for 73% of the total wastewater discharge, and the annual economic loss caused by water pollution is about11500 million yuan to1560 million yuan. At the same time, it is worrying that many farmland along the Yellow River is forced to be irrigated with sewage, which brings harm to the health of residents in this area. According to preliminary estimates, the annual loss of human health in this area is 2.2 billion to 2.7 billion yuan. The water pollution of the Yellow River has also brought about the loss of water resources value and urban water supply, and increased the additional investment in urban sewage treatment, with a total loss of nearly 6 billion yuan per year. Although there seems to be a lot of water on the earth, there are not many water resources available for human development and utilization under today's economic and technological conditions. According to experts' estimation, 96.7% of the total water resources of 65.438+38.6 million cubic kilometers on the earth are concentrated in the ocean, which is not available at present. However, the total reserves of all fresh water resources in the mainland only account for 3.3% of the earth's water, and 85% of this 3.3% is concentrated in the ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland, which is difficult to use at this stage. In fact, the water resources available for human development and utilization on the earth are mainly river runoff and underground fresh water. Groundwater accounts for 22.6% of the earth's total fresh water, which is 86 trillion tons. Half of the groundwater resources are below 800 meters, so it is difficult to mine. Overexploitation of groundwater will bring many problems. Rivers and lakes account for 0.6% of the earth's total fresh water, accounting for 23 trillion tons. They are the main sources of fresh water resources for plants, animals and human beings on land. However, due to water pollution, this part of available water resources is rapidly decreasing. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is 0.03% of the total fresh water of the earth, that is, 654.38+0.3 trillion tons. It replenishes the land with fresh water in the form of rainfall. At present, the river runoff and underground fresh water available for human development and utilization can only reach 40%. The average annual precipitation in China is 6.2 trillion cubic meters. In addition to the direct use of soil water by natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems, the annual average water resources of surface water and groundwater that can be renewed through water circulation is 2.8 trillion m3, ranking sixth in the world, next only to Brazil, the former Soviet Union, Canada, the United States and Indonesia. According to the population statistics of 1997, the total per capita water resources in China is 2200m3, and the per capita possession is only the world average. 0? 4. The world ranking is 12 1, and it is listed as one of the water-poor countries in the world 12. With the development of industrial and agricultural production, from 1980 to 1999, the total social and economic water consumption in China has increased by about a quarter, from 443.7 billion cubic meters to 559 1000 billion cubic meters. Agricultural water accounts for 70%, industrial water accounts for 20%, and domestic water accounts for 10.5438+0%.

/tyɡzh.YYoO Answer time 2007-09- 16 02:09

Well, other answers are unlikely to happen, maybe your descendants will consider it ~