How many people are surnamed Gao?

Historically, the original birthplace of the Gaos was basically determined in today's Henan Province. But since the Spring and Autumn Period, most of them have come from Qilu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Gao was mainly active in North China, and one of them entered Chu through wuyue after the demise of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period, and finally arrived in Hainan. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Hong, the magistrate of Bohai Sea, settled in Guo County, Bohai Sea (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) and became a nobleman with a high surname. At the end of the Han Dynasty, another Gao family moved south from Longxi (now Gansu) to central Yunnan (now Yunnan), and later became Baiman in Yunnan and Guizhou. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Gao Huan, a native of Bohai County, and his descendants established the Northern Qi Empire and formed a huge Northern Gao royal group. Jingzhao, the ancestor of the Northern Qi Dynasty, lived in Wen 'an (now Hebei) and then moved to Jingzhao (now Xi 'an). Gao Rui, the satrap of Wu Danyang, first lived in Guangling (now Yangzhou) and then moved to Moling (now Jiangsu). The "Yongjia Rebellion" at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty led to a large number of Gao's southward migration. In the early Tang Dynasty, Gao followed and entered Fujian and opened Zhangzhou. In Tang Xizong, Gao Gang (a native of Gaoshi, Henan Province) moved south to Fujian to avoid the "Huang Chao Rebellion", and was the ancestor of Gaoshi after he entered Fujian. ?

In Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1279), the population of Gao surname was about 890,000, accounting for 1. 15% of the national population, ranking 15. Anhui is the largest province with high surname, accounting for 15.6% of the total population in China and 3. 1% of the total population in Anhui. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan provinces, and the population of the high surname in these five provinces accounts for 62% of the total population of the high surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Hubei and Zhejiang provinces, where about 20% people with high surnames gather. The whole country is centered on Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi and Hebei, and the distribution zone of high surname is radial to the northeast, northwest and southeast. ?

During the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), there were about 930,000 Gao surnames, accounting for 1% of the national population, ranking 19th in the Ming Dynasty. During this period, the net increase rate of the population with high surname was 4%, with a net increase of about 40,000. At that time, Shandong was the largest province with high surname, accounting for 18.8% of the total population of high surname. The national distribution is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangsu (12.5%) and Zhejiang (12.2%), accounting for about 44% of the total population of Gao. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangxi, Gansu and Hebei provinces, accounting for about 29% of the total population. If we look at the 600 years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate of the whole country was 20%, and the population with high surname basically did not increase, which was far lower than the national population growth rate at that time. During this period, the overall distribution pattern of Gao surname changed greatly, mainly migrating from the north to the southeast and northwest, especially to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Shanxi have re-formed five advanced population areas. From 1000 to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the population growth rate of Gao surname showed a "V" shape. From the distribution of the whole country, in general, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces have gathered about 30% of the high total population; Hubei, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and Guangdong provinces gathered 3 1%. Among them, Shandong has concentrated 14.6% of the total population of Gao, making it the largest province in Gao, accounting for 2.3% of the total population of the province. The proportion of people with high surnames gathered from Bohai Bay to the eastern coastal areas is very high.

Schematic diagram of contemporary population distribution of Gao surname

Since the Ming Dynasty, the total population of China has increased from 93 million to 654.38+300 million, an increase of 654.38+0.3 times. The population with high surname has increased from 930,000 to nearly160,000, reaching more than 17 times, which is obviously higher than the national growth rate. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mobility rate and direction of the population with high surname are quite different from those in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Especially in the flow direction, the migration from the east to Central China and North China has always been greater than that from north to south to the east. At the same time, immigrants to the southwest and south have become important floating population.

The areas with the highest population density per unit area are Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, northern Zhejiang, eastern Hubei, western Gansu, northeastern provinces and eastern Inner Mongolia, with more than 2.7 people per square kilometer, especially in central Shandong, forming two dense areas, namely Bohai Bay and the eastern coast.

The population distribution density of Gao surname shows that the area with the highest density (more than 2.7 people per square kilometer) accounts for 18. 1% of the land area, about 64 10000 people; The density is 0.9-2.7 people /km2, accounting for 42.2% of the land area, about 710.9 million people; Less than 0.9 people per square kilometer, accounting for 39.7% of the country's land area, about 920,000 people. This shows that the population with high surname is widely distributed, but it is not balanced. For example, judging from the distribution frequency of the high surname in the population, the high surname population is one of the more common surnames in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China, generally accounting for more than 1.2% of the local population. Especially in Hexi Corridor in Gansu, central Shandong, Shaanxi, northwestern Shanxi and northeastern Heilongjiang, it is generally above 1.8%, and some are as high as 3.6%. The coverage area of this high proportion area accounts for about 29.2% of the total area of the country. In Sichuan, most of Hubei, northern Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, eastern Guangdong, eastern Qinghai and northwestern Xinjiang, the frequency of high surnames is generally 0.6%- 1.2%, covering about 30.5% of the country. In other vast areas, the frequency of high surname is less than 0.6%, and its coverage area accounts for about 40.3% of the whole country.