Why did the Qin Dynasty build the Great Wall?

Question 1: Why did the Qin Dynasty build the Great Wall? The Great Wall of Wan Li is the crystallization of the wisdom and strength of the working people in ancient China, and it is a rare ancient military in the history of human architecture.

National defense engineering.

Many people think that the construction of the Great Wall began with Qin Shihuang. In fact, as early as the Warring States period, this huge project was already in

Here we go. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, disputes among countries continued, and various vassal States built separate defensive castles in dangerous strongholds for communication.

Through military facilities such as beacon towers, and then gradually build walls on the border to connect these castles with other facilities.

Form an organic whole to resist foreign invasion. Around the 7th century BC, the State of Chu began this work.

In order to prevent Korea and Wei, a "Fangcheng" was built, and later countries followed suit. For example, the Taiyishan area is built to prevent Chu Yue.

Qi Great Wall; Wei built the Great Wall on the banks of Luoshui River to prevent Qin.

In order to guard against the enemy of Qi Wei, Zhao built the Great Wall of Zhao in Zhangshui area. These are called the Great Wall of the Warring States Period. Besides,

Some vassal States, Yan, Zhao and Wei, went south in the north to resist the intrusion of nomadic people in the north (such as Donghu and Xiongnu).

Build the Great Wall. With the collapse of the six countries, these Great Walls have lost their original functions, but they can still play a role.

The important role of preventing Huns from invading.

The earliest Great Wall of Qin State was built in Luo Qian in the seventh year of Qin Gong's construction (408 BC), along the Luohe River.

Build, in case the enemy of Wei. In the first year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (324 BC), Qin built the Great Wall in the middle reaches of Luohe River.

"Building a county fort" is to defend Zhao. When Qin Zhaoxiang became king, he built the Great Wall in Longxi and Beidi to stop the Hungarian Empire.

Slave invasion. From east to north, this section of the Great Wall starts from Lintao and divides into two branches in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province: one ends in Qin.

In the countryside near the office of Pi County Government; One reached the bank of the Yellow River near Shiliancheng, Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he carried out various reforms in China, but the northern Xiongnu aristocratic groups coveted the wealth of the Central Plains.

Often invading the south, Xiongnu nobles took advantage of the decline of Yanzhao in the north to invade the Central Plains step by step and release the Yellow River.

The seizure of a large area of land in Tao area has brought great pain to the people and Xianyang, the capital of Qin State.

Serious threat. At that time, there was a saying among the people that "those who died in Qin were also", which showed the seriousness of the problem. surname

In the thirty-second year of Wang Zheng (2 15 BC), General Meng Tian led 300,000 troops to crusade against Xiongnu and recapture the area south of Hetao.

Then recover a large area of land in Yinshan, north of Hetao, and re-establish Jiuyuan County. Although the invasion of Xiongnu nobles was

Drive away, but its strength has not been completely hit, and it still poses a great threat to the Qin mainland, which needs constant prevention.

Let the Huns attack again. So Qin Shihuang decided to build a new Great Wall.

The Qin dynasty recruited a large number of migrant workers from the private sector, and at the same time ordered General Meng Kuo to lead troops to build the Great Wall. The Great Wall is based on

During the Six Kingdoms period, the ancient Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was built to defend against the Huns, and was later repaired and supplemented. At the same time,

Many new city walls were built to connect them and make them stand in the north of Qin. The Great Wall starts from Lintao in the west,

East to Liaodong, along the vast Yellow River basin, in accordance with the steep the yinshan mountains, through the Inner Mongolia grassland, winding, full-length.

About 5000 kilometers, it took nine years before and after, and finally this barrier against foreign enemies was built.

Over the past 2000 years, more than 20 dynasties and vassal States have built the Great Wall, and many dynasties have not built it.

In terms of length, project quality and project scale, it can be comparable to Qin Changcheng and even surpass Qin Changcheng. The rulers of Ming Dynasty were right.

The construction of the Great Wall is the most important. This is related to the frequent harassment of the Central Plains by Mongolian ministries in the north. The great rules of the Ming dynasty

The Great Wall has been built three times. By about 1500, the Ming Great Wall was completely completed. It starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the west and ends in Hebei Province in the east.

Shanhaiguan in the northeast passes through Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and other provinces. It hovers and extends with the twists and turns of the mountains.

6300 kilometers, forming a magnificent city wall on the mountains in the north of China. This famous Great Wall of Wan Li at home and abroad,

It shows the great wisdom of the Chinese nation and also bears witness to the long history of China.

The Great Wall of Wan Li is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient working people. It was the rulers of past dynasties who recruited millions of people. Years later,

Hard work, countless lives died, and the construction was successful. As the ancients left a poem: "Ying Zheng dominates the world, and Wan Li is built in the north.

Human life is half of the earth, and the bones are messy. "The Great Wall building, the vast majority of lots are built on the mountain, built on the mountain.

Ups and downs. Some locations are ... >>

Question 2: The Great Wall was built in China in the Qin Dynasty, right? Qin Changcheng is the second earliest Great Wall in China. The Great Wall was built as early as Yan State, and the Qin Dynasty connected the Great Walls of various countries to form Qin Changcheng. But the Great Wall is so old that most of the Great Wall we see now is the Ming Great Wall. Since the Qin Dynasty, most Han regimes have built their own Great Wall to resist the invasion of nomadic people.

Question 3: Why did the Qin Dynasty build the Great Wall? First, economic factors.

Qin dynasty is a country dominated by farming society. Therefore, in the territorial expansion of Qin, the first consideration is the area suitable for farming. Qin destroyed the six countries, all of which were relatively developed areas in agriculture during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Why did Qin Shihuang build the Great Wall of Wan Li? The scope of these two areas is roughly the same. The first picture is the first 350 years, and the last picture is the first 22 1 year, with a difference of 129. In 129, most of the parts that were not included in the previous map had been annexed by the seven countries at that time and were gradually becoming an agricultural society.

First of all, Bashu, which was not in the map of the Seven Kingdoms during the Warring States Period, is located in the Chengdu Plain, with fertile land, warm climate, abundant water resources and developed agriculture. It is one of the earliest agricultural areas in ancient China, with economic strength independent of the Central Plains. Qin Chu had fought with Bashu before, but because of Bashu's national strength and unique terrain, it didn't achieve any success. However, in the 34 years after the first painting, that is, the ninth year of Qin Huiwang (3 16 BC), the State of Qin used Shu to form an alliance with Ba and Ju, and Ju formed an alliance with Qin to defend Chu and asked Qin for help. On the one hand, the two countries made peace with South Korea, which was at war at that time, on the other hand, they destroyed Shu in one fell swoop by imaginary enemies. Then, taking advantage of the armed forces of the two countries, they destroyed the two countries in one fell swoop and completed the annexation of Bashu. Four years later, in the thirteenth year of King Hui of Qin (3 12 BC), the three kingdoms of Qin, Han and Wei jointly attacked Chu, and Chu was defeated. Qin occupied Hanzhong of Chu State, connecting the local Guanzhong of Qin State with Bashu area, and further strengthening its control over Bashu area. Therefore, when Qin was unified, Bashu, as a mature agricultural area, had long been the territory of Qin.

Besides, the land of Lingnan, the State of Chu once conquered Yangyue, that is, South Vietnam, and captured Guangdong, Guangxi, southwestern Jiangxi and southern Hunan. Chu Weiwang (reigned in 339-329) was located in the central county of Guizhou, named after Qian Shan, and governed western Hunan and northeastern Guizhou. This also proves that Guangdong, Guangxi, southwestern Jiangxi, southwestern Hunan and northeastern Guizhou, which were originally controlled by the State of Yue, were partly owned by the State of Chu during the Warring States period.

After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, it can be seen from Figure 2 of Forty-two Counties of Qin Dynasty that the areas of the four counties in central Guizhou, Changsha, Jiujiang and Huiji are obviously larger than other counties, which is determined by the low overall development level of the local area, indicating that although Chu and Yue controlled these areas, the population density and economic development level are far from comparable to those of traditional agricultural areas. However, because the soil and climate in this area are still very suitable for agricultural development, Qin strengthened its control over these areas after unifying the six countries. After Wang Jian commanded 500,000 troops to destroy Chu, he continued to March toward Baiyue. According to. Huai Nan Zi recorded that Li Yue's rhinoceros horn, ivory, jade and pearls killed 500,000 people in Wei Tu, and it was five armies: one army blocked the city (ridge), one army guarded the nine doubts, one army guarded the capital Panyu, one army guarded the border of Ye Nan, and the other army guarded the dry water. The verbs "stop", "keep", "place" and "knot" used here are interactive and all mean to be stationed. "I can't understand armor for three years" means that I am still in a state of confrontation and defense. Therefore, from the above historical facts and the second picture, we can know that the boundary between Qin and South Vietnam is roughly Wuyishan in the east and Nanling in the south. On the one hand, Qin controlled the four counties of central Guizhou, Changsha, Jiujiang and Huiji because it was the hometown of Chu and Yue and had a certain agricultural foundation; On the other hand, the soil and climate conditions in these areas are suitable for farming. This is, of course, an unwilling part of the Qin State, which is based on agriculture. Since then,10000 to150000 people have been forcibly moved to these old places in South Vietnam to strengthen the development of this arable land. As for the Qin Dynasty finally leaving Nanling, breaking with South Vietnam and establishing Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai counties, I think it is of great significance to restrain the regime.

From the above two points, it can be preliminarily understood that the main goal of Qin's land occupation is whether it is suitable for farming, while the land outside the Great Wall is grassland and desert, which has no farming value. Therefore, Qin did not require much land in Xiongnu area. What he hopes is that nomads will not plunder the wealth of agricultural areas. In this case, it is beneficial to build the Great Wall and take the defensive position in the north by taking suitable farming as the boundary. & gt

Question 4: When was the Great Wall first built? What was the main purpose of building the Great Wall in Qin Dynasty? As far as I know, the Great Wall was built in all countries before Qin Dynasty. After the Qin dynasty unified the six countries, it was officially completed, which is the Great Wall that continues to this day. During this period, it was built in all previous dynasties. At that time, the purpose of building the Great Wall was mainly for defense! ! !

Question 5: The purpose of the Great Wall in Qin Dynasty During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, Qin, Zhao and Yan Dou in the north built the Great Wall in succession on the border. In today's Lintao County, Gansu Province, this ancient Great Wall was built by King Qin Zhao 100 years before Qin Shihuang. From Qin Changcheng to the northeast, through a large undefended loess gully, it is the Great Wall that the extinct state of Zhao once operated for hundreds of years. The Great Wall has been broken off and on, and it has long been ruined. After arriving in the northern frontier, the task of 300,000 Qin Jun was to repair and transform the dilapidated Great Wall.

Qin Jun has been dealing with the Huns for hundreds of years, and the Meng Tian family is also the warrior of Qin for several generations. He should be well aware of the difficulty of beating Xiongnu.

Xiongnu is a nomadic tribe. They have no fixed place and come and go like the wind. I don't know when it will suddenly assemble into a fierce army, and in a flash, it will become a shepherd scattered on the horizon. Huns are masters of guerrilla warfare. If Qin Jun rushes out, tarquin will avoid sharp edges, plunder everywhere, and even storm the rear of Qin Jun, while Qin Jun's expedition will not last long.

In this case, Meng Tian chose the Great Wall strategy. The Great Wall built by Qin Jun is more than just a wall. The Great Wall is not only used for defense, but the Great Wall rebuilt in Meng Tian is an offensive system.

The primary function of the Great Wall is early warning. These tallest beacon towers are observation towers. In order to give an early warning, some beacon towers even stand outside the Great Wall.

Along the Great Wall, many small towns surrounded by strong walls have been built in Qin Jun. These towns are the residences of soldiers and civilians guarding the border, and they are also the battle support points on the fortifications of the Great Wall.

At a certain distance from the Great Wall, Qin Jun has built a garrison, which can not only accommodate a large number of troops, but also store a large number of logistics materials. When attacking Xiongnu, it became the forward base of large troops and the strategic depth of the Great Wall defense line. With this system, the troops will avoid helpless field battles.

Question 6: Why did Qin Shihuang build the Great Wall of Wan Li? Traveling around the world greatly impacted Qin Shihuang's ideology and way of thinking. Qin is located in the western border of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and it can dominate the world by force. But when it comes to the degree of development, both culture and economy are far behind the core areas of the Central Plains, such as Qi State. Although the trip to Xunxing was hard, it also opened Qin Shihuang's eyes. A popular magic method attracted him and made him interested in seeking immortality.

This kind of alchemy has a strong mysticism color, which may help to alleviate the great pressure on his body and mind. It was at this time that an alchemist named Lu Sheng gradually became a favorite of Qin Shihuang. He is the protagonist who fabricated lies and inspired Qin Shihuang to build the Great Wall. Lu Sheng was originally a Yan emperor. Although he was only an alchemist, he had a very important influence on the administration of Qin Shihuang. When it comes to Qin Shihuang's brutal rule, historians can't avoid two things, one is to build the Great Wall, and the other is to pit Confucianism, both of which were initiated by Lu Sheng.

It stands to reason that Qin Shihuang, who was in his prime at that time, should not have such an urgent sense of life and death crisis, but immortality seems to have a natural relationship with long-term stability. In order to seek the elixir of life, Qin Shihuang spent a lot of energy, money and material resources, and tried his best to seek immortality and worship Zen. The most typical example is sending Xu Fu to take 3,000 boys and girls to the East China Sea to seek immortality. The scale is unprecedented, but there is no news of it.

Qin Shihuang's magic, which had high hopes, did not receive any effect, but the real threat he faced was growing. In the twenty-ninth year of the first emperor (2 18 BC), he was assassinated during his eastern tour. Although he survived, he was badly hurt. However, two years later, he traveled incognito in Xianyang and was attacked again. This time, the blow was even worse than the last time. The assassination was still outside Qin, and this time the danger occurred in Xianyang, the capital. Even the security of the capital has become a problem, and his inner helplessness and panic can be imagined.

In this context, he relied more on mysticism, and he was anxious to find out the exact reason that threatened the Qin empire and the exact answer about his own safety. In the thirty-second year of the first emperor, that is, 2 15 BC, Lu Sheng was sent to ask the immortals to give directions on the future development. On this trip, Lu Sheng got nothing. When he came back, he sang praises to Qin Shihuang, boasting that there was nothing substantial between his words. Qin Shihuang listened to people's flattery for many years. That's not what he needs. What he longs for is something that is really conducive to consolidating the regime. So he sent Lu Sheng to the sea to ask the immortal for advice. The alchemist who always came back in vain brought back a book which recorded a shocking secret: "The Qin Dynasty lost Hu Ye".

Who is Hu in Lu Sheng's Biography of the Death of Qin? What is their threat to the Qin Empire? Why did Qin Shihuang bet on tomorrow?

The conference semifinals referred to in the Qin Dynasty are the Huns in the future. Tracing back to the source, the Huns were originally a member of the Chinese nation. As far as Qin State is concerned, the early history of its founding is a history of struggle against the Hu people, which contains both lessons of failure and successful experiences. After Qin became king, the Hu people threatened the northern border of Qin, and Qin adopted the strategy of building a city to defend the Hu people in order to advance eastward.

In the middle and late Warring States period, the strength of the Hu people was further strengthened, and their erratic tactics made the Central Plains countries have a headache. Armed with innovative riding and shooting, King Wuling of Zhao won a great victory in the struggle with the Hu people.

When Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the Huns gradually merged into a relatively unified country, and their strength increased. Xiongnu leaders called it "painting Khan by plowing alone", which means "painting Khan by plowing alone" and "painting Khan by plowing alone" is a broad sense of Khan. Zhongyuan people used to call them Khan for short.

At that time, the border between the two sides was relatively stable, and there was no large-scale conflict between Qin Jun and Xiongnu. On the one hand, because Qin Jun is good at fighting, the Huns dare not provoke easily. On the other hand, it is also because the Xiongnu situation is sinister. They face Ren Yue in the west, East Lake in the east and Qiang Qin in the south. There are strong enemies on three sides, and the Huns dare not make a move.

Judging from the situation at that time, if the Qin empire did not take the initiative to stir up trouble, the Huns would never dare to go south easily. Qin Shihuang was an emperor with great ambitions, and he had the heart to conquer the Huns. In the twenty-sixth year of the first emperor (22 BC1), that is, shortly after the reunification of Qin, Qin Shihuang planned to strike while the iron was hot and subdue the Xiongnu in one fell swoop.

He called a group of ministers to discuss the matter in the temple, which was strongly opposed by Prime Minister Reese. Reese thinks that the disadvantages of fighting the Huns outweigh the advantages. After analyzing the situation on both sides, he came to the conclusion that it was forbidden to attack the Huns. & gt

Question 7: Is the Great Wall completely built in the west of Qin Dynasty? Why? The Great Wall of China was born in the Warring States Period. During the Warring States Period, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han and Qin Dou built the Great Wall on their respective borders. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he connected the original Great Wall in the northern part of Yan, Zhao and Qin, and built the Great Wall from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, with a total length of more than 10,000 miles. Due to its long history, there are only a few in the world. Today, there is Qin Changcheng in the north of Datong, Shanxi, and in the west of Min County, Gansu. On the basis of Qin Changcheng, the Western Han Dynasty built the Shuofang Great Wall and the Hexi Great Wall westward along the Hexi Corridor, and extended them to today's Xinjiang through Yumen Pass to protect the Hexi Corridor. The Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty also built the Great Wall many times. In the Sui Dynasty, the Great Wall was built several times to defend the Turks and Tuyuhun people. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built on a large scale to prevent tartars and tile thorns. After the addition and repair of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall arrived in the Ming Dynasty, with more complete facilities, firmer engineering construction, more advanced construction technology and stronger defense ability, and became a typical Great Wall system in previous dynasties. What we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall. Therefore, the construction of the Great Wall was not a dynasty, nor a decade or two, but from the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty. Two thousand years have passed, and the activities of building cities have never stopped, and they have never stopped. The builders of the Great Wall are not all * * *, but also ethnic minorities. No matter * * * or ethnic minorities, as long as there is a ruler in the Central Plains, the first thing that comes to mind is to build the Great Wall to prevent the invasion of nomadic people in the north. It can be said that the activities of building the Great Wall ran through the feudal era of China, and more than one Great Wall was built in 20 dynasties.

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Question 8: How many people built the Great Wall of China in the Qin Dynasty? The Great Wall is an extremely magnificent defense construction project in ancient China. According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 countries and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall, among which the length of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming dynasties has exceeded 1 Wan Li. If all the Great Walls built in each era are added up, it is about 10 Wan Li.

The name "Wan Li Great Wall" originated in the Qin Dynasty. From the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC) when Meng Tian was sent to attack the Xiongnu, to the death of the first emperor and the death of Meng Tian and Fu Su granted by Qin Ershi (2 14 BC), it was completed in five years. According to historical records, after Qin unified the six countries, the first emperor sent general Meng Tian to take 300,000 people to the Northern Expedition of Xiongnu. After Meng Tian expelled the Huns, he took the land south of the Yellow River as 44 counties, built the Great Wall, and set up barrier forts along the Yellow River and Yinshan Mountain, connecting Zhao and Yan Great Walls in the north and east, Qin Zhaowang Old Great Wall in the west, Lintao in the west (now Taohe in the south of Gansu Province) and extending more than 10,000 miles in the east. This Qin Changcheng is far north of the Great Wall today. Qin Changcheng is built of rammed earth. From the site of Qin Changcheng in the north of Lintao, we can see that the bottom is raw soil, and there is a very solid layer of loess on the raw soil. The rammed soil layer wall is built on loess, and the rammed soil layer is yellow clay mixed with gravel. Although this is an early tamping method, it has created a miracle in the history of human architecture.

In the Han Dynasty, due to the frequent invasion of Xiongnu in the north, Qin Changcheng continued to be restored from Emperor Hanjing. Finally, the Great Wall with a total length of nearly two Wan Li was built, starting from Dawaner Shicheng in the west, passing through Qiuci, Auto Market (both in present-day Xinjiang) and Juyan (now in Inner Mongolia), and reaching the north bank of Heilongjiang. The castles are connected and opposed by fire, forming a solid defense line.

From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Yuan Dynasty, many dynasties built the Great Wall, but the scale was not as good as that of Qin and Han Dynasties.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the original rulers, the Yuan Dynasty and Mongolian nobles fled back to Mongolia, constantly harassing and plundering the south, and the Jurchen nationality in the northeast rose, so the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the defense in the north. By the Ming Dynasty, the construction and defense of the Great Wall had hardly stopped for more than 200 years. Finally, the Great Wall with a total length of12,700 miles was built, starting from Yalu River in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, which is what we saw today. The Ming Great Wall is characterized by the construction of several heavy walls at important passes, especially Juyongguan, Shanhaiguan and Yanmenguan, with more than 20 heavy walls. Many castles and smoke mounds (beacon towers) have been built in the north and south of the Great Wall to observe the enemy's situation and transmit warnings.

The purpose of the Great Wall is mainly to defend the nomadic people in the north. At that time, nomadic people had no fixed residence, and compared with the Central Plains Dynasty, they were still in a rather low productivity stage. Some tribes often plunder foreign countries and invade the interior, which poses a great threat to agricultural production and social stability in the Central Plains. In ancient times, fighting mainly relied on cavalry and infantry, and the tall city wall became a security barrier, which was even more difficult to cross with the army guarding it.

The construction of the Great Wall is also conducive to the development and protection of wasteland, promoting the development of production in remote areas and ensuring the safety of communications and business travel. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there were wide straight roads and galloping roads in the north, but in the Han dynasty, the traffic avenue in the western regions was opened, so the transmission of documents, the exchanges between envoys and business needs to be guaranteed, and the Great Wall beacon tower was built along this avenue.

The construction of the Great Wall is in harmony with the military defense system. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, there were military administrative zones along the Great Wall called towns. Company commanders and guards command the military forces along the Great Wall under the jurisdiction of this town. There are "roads" under some towns, which are stationed in important places and closed cities. The leader of these roads is called Garrison. Such as Shanhaiguan road, the garrison is stationed in Shanhaiguan city and is in charge of more than a dozen passes nearby. Pass, that is, pass, is an important stronghold on the Great Wall Line, usually in dangerous places. The narrow passage between the two mountains is called the pass, and building a city at the pass to block the passage is called sealing. The important pass is guarded by the garrison, and the secondary pass is guarded by the commander. There are also defensive buildings such as cities, castles, barriers and ridges along the Great Wall. The city is a defensive city closely connected with the Great Wall, which is different from counties, with a small area and a distance of dozens of miles. The barrier is a small town smaller than the city, which mainly houses troops, but also has residents. The fortress is the residence of the garrison soldiers, guarded by "hundred generals" or "generals", and the number of defenders ranges from dozens to hundreds. Some castles have beacon towers. This is a simple building dedicated to viewing.

There are beacon towers (also called smoke pier platforms) on both sides of the Great Wall, some close to both sides of the Great Wall, and some extend far away from the Great Wall. There are several guards on the stage, lighting cigarettes during the day and setting fires at night. The beacon tower is an independent high platform, on which there are facilities for guarding homes and burning smoke and fire, and under which there are also ... >>