Authorization (giving subordinates the necessary power to complete a certain job) is a complete set of details.

Authorization is the key to organizational operation. It takes people as the object and gives subordinates the necessary power to complete a certain job. That is to say, the supervisor will transfer the decision-making power to his subordinates to deal with employing people, spending money, doing things, negotiating and coordinating, and only grant power, but not entrust the necessary responsibility for completing the work. This is the last word of authorization. Different levels in the organization have different functions and powers, and permissions will flow between different levels, thus creating the problem of authorization. Authorization is one of the important tasks of managers. Effective authorization is an important management skill.

Basic introduction Chinese name: authorization mbth: authorization pinyin: shòu quán Meaning: key objects of organization and operation: personal type: confusing definition of folding, origin of folding concept, meaning of folding authorization, principles of folding authorization, types of folding authorization, methods of folding authorization, folding authorization procedures, folding authorization notice, advantages and disadvantages of folding authorization letter, advantages and disadvantages of folding authorization letter, folding authorization letter. Authorization is the expansion and extension of leaders' wisdom and ability, which must follow objective laws and principles, and the authorization process is scientific and artistic. Authorization has four characteristics: first, its essence is the process of decentralization of decision-making power from superiors to subordinates, and it is also the process of redistribution of responsibilities. Secondly, authorization should ensure the smooth sharing of information and knowledge between licensor and licensee, ensure the equivalence of functions and powers, and ensure that licensee gets necessary technical training. Third, authorization is also a culture. Fourth, authorization is dynamic. Authorization Generally speaking, after the cardholder swipes the card in the special store, the store will send the cardholder's credit card data to its acquiring bank through the card swiping machine to confirm whether the transaction can be accepted. The acquiring bank will ask the cardholder's issuing bank through the authorization system. After checking that the card number and credit limit are correct, the issuing bank will return an "authorization code" agreed by a representative to the acquiring bank and record it on the signing sheet. Afterwards, the store can claim money from the acquiring institution with the bill signed, the card number and the authorization of the issuing bank. Some shops that don't have electronic credit card machines will manually call the acquiring institution, verbally inform the card number and other data, and then get authorization. It means that the superior entrusts its authority to the subordinate, so that the subordinate has considerable autonomy and right to act. Folding confusion analysis "authorization" refers to entrusting power to others or institutions for execution. "Authorization" refers to the right to do things entrusted by the state or superiors. The origin of the concept of folding The ultimate goal of management is to improve enterprise performance, and the development of many management ideas is aimed at improving efficiency. After nearly a hundred years of management research and practice, we can sum up two principles of management: specialization and humanization. At present, the pursuit of management performance must combine these two principles. Enterprises should not only pursue the principle of specialization, but also strive to inject human skills, so as to achieve satisfactory operating efficiency. When making various decisions, using resources and coordinating work, the most important thing for authorized managers is to have the concept of authorization and target management. Only with the concept of authorization can we achieve the two principles of specialization and humanization. In target management, the necessity of authorization is as follows: 1, and authorization is the basis for completing target responsibility. Power follows the person in charge, and the use of power is the need of due diligence. Only when the powers and responsibilities are corresponding or unified can the responsible person effectively achieve the goal. 2, authorization is the need to mobilize the enthusiasm of subordinates. The motivation of management by objectives is realized by stimulating people's motivation and guiding people's behavior towards the goal. The goal is the incentive to stimulate this motivation, and power is the condition. 3. Authorization is the way to improve the ability of subordinates. Management by objectives is an ability development system, which is mainly realized through self-control and self-management in the process of management by objectives. To implement self-control and self-management, the target responsible person must have certain autonomy. In the decision-making and control of the right to use the license independently, the target responsible person will be urged to make an overall plan for the overall work, and the situation of acting according to the instructions of the superiors will be changed, which will help to exert and continuously improve the ability. 4. Authorization is a condition for enhancing adaptability. The modern management environment is changeable, which requires the management organization system to have strong adaptability and strong adaptability. An important condition to achieve this is that managers at all levels should have autonomy. The significance of folding authorization lies in clarifying the relationship between members of the organization, enabling leaders to make time to deal with the most important problems in leadership activities, providing opportunities for leaders to cultivate and exercise their work ability, and helping to continuously enrich leaders at all levels. ④ It can improve the efficiency of decision-making. ⑤ It can improve the morale of enterprise organization members. The basic basis of the principle of folding authorization is the target responsibility, and certain powers should be granted according to the size of the target responsibility undertaken by the responsible person. Authorization should follow the following principles: 1, similarity principle. This has two meanings: directly authorize subordinates without exceeding their authority; Power should be delegated to those closest to making and implementing target decisions, so that they can respond immediately when problems arise. 2. The principle of authorization. It means that the power granted to subordinates should be the most needed and important power for subordinates to achieve their goals and can solve substantive problems. 3. Clear responsibilities and authorization. Authorization should be based on responsibility, and at the same time, its responsibility should be clarified, so that subordinates can clearly define their scope of responsibility and authority. 4. Dynamic principle. According to subordinates' different environmental conditions, different target responsibilities and different time, different powers are granted. Implementing the dynamic principle reflects authorization based on actual needs, which can be: 1) single authorization. That is, only the power to make decisions or deal with a certain problem is granted, and the power will be recovered immediately after the problem is solved; 2) Conditional authorization. That is, only under certain environmental conditions, certain powers are granted to subordinates. If the environmental conditions change, the licensing right should also change accordingly; 3) Regular authorization, that is, a certain power granted to subordinates has a certain period of time, and the expired power should be recovered. Folding authorization type (1) Rigid authorization (2) Flexible authorization (3) Inertial authorization (4) Fuzzy authorization Folding authorization method (1) Grasp the authorization authority and time signal (2) Choose the appropriate authorization candidate (3) Take the corresponding authorization form (4) Beware of "anti-authorization" folding authorization program/kloc-0. 2, clearly define the responsibilities of subordinates and other managers in the organization, and discuss and check the control from time to time. 3. Specify the number of times subordinates report to their superiors. 4, subordinates in case of problems that can't be handled, should request the superior to give assistance. 5. Reward and punishment. Collapse authorization notification 1. Select the appropriate authorized object. The authorized object should be honest, positive and enthusiastic, dare to pay, dare to take responsibility, and have real talent and practical learning. Otherwise, it may lead to the tragedy that Masu lost his street pavilion. This requires us to have the insight to identify talents and improve the recruitment, training and assessment mechanism. 2. Make clear the goal of authorization, and be sure not to be vague. What to do, what not to do, and within what time limit, must be clear and definite, and must not be confused. Otherwise, it will only make your subordinates sing "This is love, confused and confused", and they are at a loss and cannot handle affairs decisively. 3. Step by step authorization. Just like weightlifting training, we should train from light to heavy. If the task is pressed indiscriminately, it will definitely flash the waist of the subordinate and dampen his confidence. Therefore, it is necessary to give subordinates a growth process, and with the increase of work efficiency and experience, authorize them in time. 4. Reasonably arrange the authorized content. Don't give subordinates power they shouldn't. You should monopolize great power, otherwise it will lead to out of control. In addition, don't give power beyond the ability of subordinates. Otherwise, it will not only lead to the failure of the task, but also lead to the collapse of subordinates themselves. 5. Don't duplicate authorization. One monk carries water to eat, two monks carry water to eat and three monks have no water to eat. The evil consequence of repeated authorization is that no one bears the responsibility and there is no way to investigate the responsibility. 6. delegate more challenging tasks. If the scope of authorization is limited to daily work, it is of little significance. If you want your subordinates to give full play to their potential, you must give them a bigger stage. Give more difficult work to subordinates, so that they have a sense of urgency and accomplishment. 7. Manage and evaluate the achievement of objectives. While giving power, it also gives corresponding responsibilities, and its performance should be assessed according to predetermined standards and methods. If you only let your subordinates know the nature and scope of your work without target management, you will certainly not be able to give full play to your subordinates' subjective initiative and fall into a perfunctory situation. Folding Power of Attorney Power of Attorney: In litigation, it refers to the certification document that the entrusted agent obtains the qualification of litigation agent and conducts litigation for the client, which mainly includes the entrusted matters and the rights of the authorized agent, and is signed or sealed by the client. However, in the process of other civil legal acts, there may also be authorized legal documents. Power of attorney is commonly used in English. In Hong Kong, this kind of power of attorney will be formed in the form of a contract, entrusting part of the individual's rights to others. It is most commonly used in property management. For example, if the owner has emigrated to a foreign country and has a property in Hong Kong, he can entrust a trustworthy person to manage it for him, or he can ask the trustee to rent or sell the property for him through a power of attorney. The template of the power of attorney is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dispute Arbitration Commission: Entrusting Unit: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Legal Representative: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2) Authorization can reduce the workload of supervisors. (3) The supervisor can conduct importance management or exception management. (4) Authorization can cultivate subordinates' independent working ability. (5) Authorization leads to a competitive atmosphere in the organization. (6) authorize subordinates to be responsible for completing the task, so that the supervisor can't do it. (7) The supervisor can increase the scope of management, reduce the organizational level and improve the efficiency of organizational communication. Disadvantages of folding authorization (1) Authorization usually requires intensive and expensive management training. (2) Need more complicated planning and reporting procedures, which will increase the information flowing to the supervisor and cause workload. (3) I think authorization is tantamount to reducing one's power and influence, and it may be difficult to recover it in the future, resulting in many sequelae. 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