Battle of Ondini: The End of India's Anti-immigrant Armed Uprising

1890 65438+On February 29th, the Wounddene massacre marked the end of India's armed uprising against immigrants. The famous Sioux leader "sitting bull" died in this incident.

cause

18901One day in early October, representatives of several American Indian tribes gathered on the dirt floor of Walker Lake in western Nevada. They came to listen to a prophet named Wovoka Paiute. Wovoka said that he foresaw that the Indians had defeated the white Europeans who had brought them suffering. In the 400 years since Europeans came to America, 90% Indians were killed by European diseases (mainly smallpox) and advanced weapons, and the rest were scattered in all directions. These people who used to live proudly found that their leisurely life was destroyed and bison disappeared. They have to be confined to the reservation and rely on "Indian agents" to survive. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 century, the great ship of history sailed through the wilderness in the western United States, erasing their memories of traditional life. /kloc-one day in the warm month of 0/0, Wovoka's words made them abandon the tribal barriers and become a United group: the savior came back, and he wanted to change everything back to the original way, provided that they danced with the ghosts of their ancestors. According to Wovoka's prediction, Indians should live in peace, work hard, don't lie, don't steal, and dance ghost dances, so as to speed up the return to the original world-bison will increase again and all Europeans will disappear.

process

After the news of the Walker Lake Conference spread, Indians everywhere danced ghost dances, which became an important part of Indian tribal life in the western United States. However, ghost dance actually only represents Indians' nostalgia for tradition, their desire to be different from whites, and their religious beliefs, not to show their strength. This kind of dance is especially popular among Sioux and Alabaho, who believe that ghost dancing can regain the past instead of waiting for a brand-new future. By June 5438+065438+ 10, the spread of ghost dance attracted the attention of American political and military elites. They felt that it was a threat to the rule, so they took action to isolate or get rid of the leader of ghost dance. 165438+1In mid-October, the army went to Pai enrich (Songling) in Dakota to suppress a possible rebellion. In February, 65438, more troops were sent to the northern plain to catch the ghost dance leader. Then came the Battle of Ondini (also called the Battle of Wounded Knee Creek). This is not so much a war as a crazy massacre of Indians. Since then, the ghost dance has been suppressed and the main leaders have been killed, including the famous Sioux leader "sitting bull".

1890 65438+On February 29th, the Battle of Ondeidini (or the Wounded Knee River Massacre) marked the end of India's armed uprising against immigrants.