The Influence of Hong Tong Immigrants on Shandong Economy

1. The Great Migration of Shanxi Immigrants in Ming Dynasty

The large-scale migration during Hongwu and Yongle periods in Ming Dynasty has its historical background and reasons, so it is natural to start with the history at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty ruled in China for only 89 years. Although in its heyday, it only knew how to shoot an eagle with a bow. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of farmers by Mongolian nobles and feudal landlords, class contradictions and ethnic contradictions intensified day by day, floods, droughts, locusts and epidemics continued, and people were miserable, which made Henan, Shandong, Hebei, northern Anhui and other central plains regions "all roads were blocked" (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 29) resist the brutal rule of the Yuan Empire, only in the first year of Zheng Zheng (134). Zheng Zheng eight years, Taizhou Fang Guozhen uprising, Zheng Zheng eleven years, Yingzhou Liu Futong uprising, known as the Red Scarf Army, qi zhou Xu Shouhui uprising. In the twelfth year, Guo Zixing and Zhu Yuanzhang set out for Haozhou, and in the second year, Zhang Shicheng set out for Taizhou, Jiangsu. After more than ten years, especially in Liu Futong, the Red Scarf Army fought with the army in Huaibei, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places, and farmers responded in succession. The Yuan army sent elite soldiers to fight against the peasant army, attacking the city and plundering the land, killing and plundering, and doing everything possible. In September of the 12th year of Zheng Zheng, Prime Minister Yuan "Tuotuo broke Xuzhou and slaughtered the city" ("Tuotuo Biography of Yuan History"). In the seventeenth and twenty-first years of Zheng Zheng, the Chahan Timur Department of the Yuan Army was at war with the peasant army, and "both sides suffered losses and beheaded more than 10,000 people" (Biography of Chahan Timur in the Yuan Dynasty). In November of the 18th year of Zheng Zheng, the Yuan Army "Liu Qi rented Shunde and robbed grain. Some landlords' armed forces were unable to suppress the peasant rebels, and in order to safeguard their own interests, they cooperated with the Yuan Army to crack down on the peasants. Wang Baobao and his son from Shanxi and Li Siqi from Shaanxi also sent troops to the north of Henan, Shaanxi and Shandong, and finally suppressed the Red Scarf Army. In these battles, the Yuan army and the landlord armed forces mostly "uprooted the land and slaughtered the city" (Yuan history. Chronicle of Shundi) killed 10 people in Henan, Shandong, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. At that time, the famous Yangzhou City only killed 18 people. ("History of the Ming Dynasty in Zulu", Volume 5) The genealogy of cattle in Wenxian village also contains: "The soldiers killed Henan, and the land was thousands of miles away. "It has reached the situation of' spring mud goes nowhere, and it is a thousand miles away'. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to Jianghuai, sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to the Northern Expedition, made progress in Shandong, recovered Henan, set Kyoto in the north, and Yuan Di died in Mobei, thus ending the 16-year military chaos at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, besides the mutiny, floods, drought locusts and epidemics broke out one after another. The Yellow River and Huaihe River burst repeatedly, making the Central Plains land "floating without fields, houses, countless deaths, and most villages and towns abandoned." According to the historical records of Yuan Dynasty, there were 19 rains and droughts in Shandong, 17 in Henan, 15 in Hebei and 8 in Huaibei. (The Five Elements of Yuan Dynasty) resulted in "People are not living well, many people die" (Yuan Shundi) and "When crops don't enter the ground, people eat each other" (Yuan Wuxing). From the first year of Zheng Zheng to the twenty-sixth year, there were serious floods almost every year. "The first year of Zheng Zheng, the capital of song dynasty and Zhou Jun floods. On the ugly night of June, Jinan's landscape surged, rushing to the east and west, flowing into Xiaoqing River, Montenegro, Tianma, Shigu and other villages, and Wolong's landscape flowed into Daqing River, with more than a thousand floating residents, not counting drowning. In February of three years, landslides and floods occurred in Ningyuan, Fuqiang and Ji Cheng counties of Changgong, and no one drowned. In May, the Yellow River burst into Mao Kou. In July, Zhongmou, Fugou, Weishi and Weichuan counties in the capital of song dynasty, Xishui in Xingyang and Dashui in Yin San county, Zhengzhou. In May of four years, Bazhou was flooded. In June, heavy rain fell in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and there were hundreds of floating houses in Yishui and Luoshui. Jining Road, Yanzhou, Bianliang, Yanling, Tongxu, Chenliu, Linying and other counties were flooded and people ate people. In July, the Luanhe River is full of land, and there are not many people drifting on Yongping Road. Dongping Road in Dong 'e, Yanggu, Wenshang and Pingyin counties, and Dashui in Ya 'an County ... In July of five years, the river definitely helped Yin, and the floating officials and people were exhausted. In October, the Yellow River flooded. In May of seven years, Huangzhou was flooded ... In the first month of eight years, Xinhai broke the river and fell into Jining Road. June, ugly. In Songzi County, Zhongxing Road, there was a shower and the water soared. The ground was more than five feet deep and drifted for more than 60 miles, 1500 people died. It was this month that Jiaozhou was flooded. In July, there was a flood in Gaomi County. 1In July, 1999, floods occurred in Gongan, Shishou, Qianjiang and Jianli counties in Zhongxing Road and Mianyang area. In summer and autumn, crops in qi zhou are damaged by floods. ...

/kloc-in June of 0/2, there was a shower in Songzi County, Zhongyang Road, and the water level soared, drifting away more than a thousand houses and drowning 700 people. In July, there was a flood in Xi 'an County, Asia. In the summer of 13th year, there were floods in Feng Run, Yutian, Zunhua and Pinggu counties of Jizhou ... 14. In June, it rained heavily in Fugong County, Henan Province, and the Yi and Luo rivers flooded, leaving no residents and drowning more than 300 people. In autumn, there was a flood in Jizhou ... In sixteen years, Yin He County in Zhengzhou was ruled by the river, and the mansion was abandoned and became a middle stream. ..... In June of 17th year, summer rain and Zhanghe River flooded, and Guangping county and city were flooded. In autumn, Jizhou County was flooded. In the autumn of eighteen years, the capital and Jizhou were flooded. /kloc-in September of 0/9, it was decided to be in Rencheng County, Jeju. In July 20, Tongzhou was flooded. In March of the 22nd year, Guangze County in Shaowu was flooded. Twenty-three years, Meng Zhou Jiyuan, Wenxian flood. In July, the river washed away Dongping and Shouzhang counties, washed away the city walls, drifted away the houses and drowned many people. In March of 2004, the well water in Yidu County overflowed and turned yellow. Huaiqing Road, Mengzhou, Hanoi, Wuzhi County. In July, Yidu Road, Tingguang County and Gaomi County of Jiaozhou were flooded. In the autumn of twenty-five years, Jizhou was flooded. Dongping program, Dong 'e and Pingyin counties burst their creeks and reached Qinghe River, destroying houses and injuring crops. In February 26, Hebei migrated from Dongming, Cao and Pu to Jining. It rained heavily in Henan in June, and the water overflowed, which was too deep. There are hundreds of residents living in Dongguan. In autumn and July, floods occurred in Jizhou, Weihui, Bianliang and Zhou Jun counties. In August, the Daqing River in Dizhou was decided, and the border between Bindi and Dizhou was completely abolished. The West Yellow River in Feicheng County and Jining Road flooded during the flood season, and the houses in Tianhe 100 were gone, and more than 70 miles in Qihe County, Texas were gone. (Records of Five Elements in Yuan Dynasty) Such records can be found everywhere in yuan dynasty history. Especially in Henan, there are serious floods almost every year. The Ministry of Household Affairs of Zhongshu Province once said: "After years of floods and droughts, Tian He will not accept it." ("Yuan History". Shundi Zhuan) At that time, a minister in charge of rivers also said that the Central Plains region was "starved for years, and the people could not make ends meet." (History of the Yuan Dynasty, Volume II)

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there were not only serious floods in the Central Plains, but also frequent locusts. From the first year of Zheng Zheng to the twenty-fifth year, there were 189 locust plagues. ("Yuan History". "Five Elements") Ming Dow in the Yuan Dynasty, until June of the twelfth year, "three counties were opened, slippery and sparse, and there were 716,980 hungry people due to floods, droughts and locusts". (yuan dynasty history. Biography of Shun Di) From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were fifteen famines in the Central Plains (History of the Yuan Dynasty). There was a famine in Henan in the seventeenth year. In eighteen years, "the capital was hungry and Zhang De was hungry". In the 19th year of Zheng Zheng, Hebei, Shandong and Henan starved to death, and five people in Tongzhou killed their children to eat. Baoding road is full of evil, and soldiers prey on the weak. In Jin Meng, Xin 'an, Mianchi and other places in Lu Yu, there has been a tragedy of "people eat locusts and people eat people". At the same time, the extremely harmful plague has been prevalent in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and southern provinces for many times. (Yuan Shi. Records of five elements)

All of the above, the chaos of soldiers, floods, locusts and epidemics complement each other, and the people either die or flee, making the Central Plains vast and sparsely populated, and the land barren. The Yuan government had to reduce some roads leading to the state, such as "reducing Xuzhou Road to Wu' an State". (yuan dynasty history. "Biography of Shun Di") Even in the Ming Dynasty, due to the sharp drop in population and grain, many states had to be downgraded, and the famous city Kaifeng was reduced from the upper government to the lower government (Records of Ming Taizu, vol. 96, 193). In the ten years of Hongwu, the counties such as Henan, to which the Chief Secretary belongs, had "countless grains", and "every state changed to a county, and twelve counties merged". (A Record of Ming Taizu 120, 164) In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, there were less than 3,000 households in more than 30 states, and it was still reduced to a county. (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 164)

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, officials from all over the country reported to the Ming government the barren situation in various places. The Central Plains region is full of "shortage of manpower, which has been barren for a long time" (Records of Ming Taizu, Volume 148), with few residents (Records of Ming Taizu, Volume 176) and "most of them are uninhabited" (Gu Rilu, Volume 10), and taxes are not paid for years. It directly threatened the rule of the Ming Dynasty, and even Zhu Yuanzhang knew: "After the chaos, the original place was sparsely populated, so it was urgent for the Central Plains to open up land and increase household registration" (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 25), so Su Qi of Zhou Tao (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 50), family doctor Liu Jiugao (Record of Food and Loan in the Ming Dynasty) and Song Na of imperial academy were adopted. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants began, agricultural production just resumed, and the "Jingnan War" happened again. The four-year war aggravated the desolation of the Central Plains, and Yongle still moved people.

After Zhu Yuanzhang died, Wen Jian succeeded to the throne. In order to consolidate centralization, he took the measure of "cutting vassal". Judy, the prince of Yan, marched from Beijing to Nanjing in the name of going to Beijing to punish traitors, and visited Hebei, Henan, Shandong, northern Anhui, Huaibei and other places, and fought repeatedly with government forces for four years. This is the so-called "Swallow Sweeping the Monument" widely circulated in the Central Plains. At that time, people in some areas organized their own armed forces and refused to resist the army of the Prince of Yan, which reflected the people's desire to live and work in peace and contentment and resume production.

According to the Ming History, during the war, the Yan army plundered and slaughtered very seriously, such as "the Yan army plundered Zhen, Shunde, Guangping and Daming". (Biography of Ming Taizu Gongmin) In the battle of Baigou River, the prince "beheaded tens of thousands and set fire to more than 100,000". (Ming history. After Judy's victory, the people of the Central Plains automatically helped the government troops against the Yan army, and they killed the troops and people loyal to the emperor Wen Jian. According to some genealogy records in Hebei and Shandong, the village town became a market as soon as Yan Bing arrived. When the prince of Yan hit the junction of Hebei and Henan, he was resisted by the local armed "Eighteen Villages Friendship Association". The prince turned to Nanjing without a standard and was taken by the Yan people. Li's Genealogy, written in Guangxu, Zhai Village, Linqing County, Shandong Province, recorded that King Gai Yan could not fight. When he was writing, he organized the North and South armies, the South army pursued him, and the North army was defeated, committing crimes from north to south. When you miss him, you either kill, scrape or run away. Six or seven hundred miles from east to west and nearly a thousand miles from north to south are just a few hills.

Therefore, the battle of Jingnan intensified the desolate situation of the Central Plains, and the people either killed or fled, which is another reason for Yongle immigrants.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was famine and chaos in the Central Plains, but Shanxi was a different scene. The chaos in the Central Plains and various disasters and epidemics rarely spread to Shanxi, and no major floods, droughts and pests occurred in most parts of Shanxi. Compared with neighboring provinces, it enjoys social stability, economic prosperity and affluent population. Yuan Man Zhong You said in "The Story of Building a City in the River (Zhou Pu)": There is a fire today, and the river is empty. Although it was a compliment from feudal literati, it also showed that the eastern part of Shanxi was relatively stable, and refugees from neighboring provinces flowed into Shanxi, which made the population of southern Shanxi dense for fourteen years. The population of Henan is 189. 1 10,000, that of Hebei is1893,000, and that of Shanxi is 4,030,450, which is equal to the total population of Hebei and Henan. (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 140)

Compared with the population of Central Plains, the population of Shanxi is extremely unbalanced. According to land records, in the fourteenth year of Hongwu (138 1), the population of Henan was 189 1000, and the population of Hebei was 1893, while the population of Shanxi was as high as 4,030,400, 250,000 more than that of Henan and Hebei combined. In terms of population density, in the fourteenth year of Hongwu (138 1), the average population per square kilometer in Shanxi was 27.52, and that in Henan was 12. 85 people, the population density of Henan is less than half that of Shanxi. In this way, the problem of "the land is narrow and the people are thick, and it is difficult to make a living" in Shanxi is becoming more and more prominent. Even Zhu Yuanzhang realized that "the people in Shanxi are narrow and narrow". At this time, the DPRK ministers repeatedly proposed to immigrate from Shanxi to the Central Plains. For example, in the third year of Hongwu (1370), Su Qi, the magistrate of Zhengzhou, put forward "three things in good times", one of which was to emigrate to the Central Plains. In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), Shi Yanliang, an official of the Jin Dynasty, published 20 articles in The Rule of Taiping. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), Liu Jiugao, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, invited Shanxi people to move to the Central Plains, which was finally recognized by Zhu Yuanzhang. So the prelude of a vigorous immigration activity was opened.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Shanxi immigrants were said to have moved from under the big pagoda tree in Hong Tong, but in fact it was much more than that. According to the records of Ming history, "Taiyuan, Pingyang, Zeze, Shandong, Liaoning, Fen, Qin and Ding have more fields and fewer fields", and the immigration was carried out by the method of "dividing their mouths". This area is quite large, including Jinzhong, southern Shanxi, Lvliang and southeastern Shanxi. According to the administrative divisions of Shanxi in the early Ming Dynasty, Taiyuan refers to Taiyuan Prefecture, which governs 6 states and 20 counties. Pingyang is Pingyang County, which governs 6 states and 29 counties. Zezhou, namely Zezhou, is a provincial-level Zhili state, with jurisdiction over 4 counties; Liao is a Liao country, a province of Zhili, and governs 2 counties; Qin Zhi refers to Qinzhou, a provincial-level Zhili state, which governs 2 counties; Lu is Luzhou, a provincial zhili state, which governs 6 counties; "Fen" refers to Fenzhou, the provincial capital of Zhili, which governs 3 counties. In this way, Shanxi immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty involved 66 counties in 2 states 17 states. Under the natural conditions of closed mountains and impassable roads at that time, is it necessary for immigrants from so many places to gather under the big locust tree in Hongtong County? Is it possible? I'm afraid it's neither necessary nor possible. However, because the locust tree in Hongdong was the largest immigrant "point" at that time, it had a great influence in later history, and the descendants of immigrants were naturally willing to agree with such a starting point.

There have always been different opinions about the number of immigrants, but after repeated research by scholars, there were 17 times in Hongwu and Yongle dynasties. The simple situation is:

In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), he immigrated from Zhengding, Shanxi and Hebei to Fengyang, Anhui to reclaim land.

In November of the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), he immigrated from Shanxi and Zhengding to Fengyang for reclamation. Because it is winter, the government gives immigrants cotton-padded clothes for the winter.

In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), in May, 24,000 people were recruited from Shanxi to join the army, and then all of them were demobilized to ordinary people, and the land was resettled and cultivated on the spot.

In August of the 21st year of Hongwu (1388), we chose "Tian Shao Ding Duo" or no farmland households from Zezhou and Shuozhou in Shanxi, and moved to Zhangde, Zhengding, Linqing, Guide and Taikang to plant seeds.

In September of the twenty-second year of Hongwu (1389), Zhang Congcheng, a citizen of Qinzhou, Shanxi Province, and other 6 households voluntarily moved out to open up wasteland, and the household department rewarded them to return to Qinzhou to recruit residents.

In the same month of the same year, Zhu Rong, the commander-in-chief of the rear army, reported to the court that he had moved from Shanxi to Daming, Guangping and Dongchang and distributed 26,000 hectares of land.

In the same year 1 1 month, commander Li Ke was ordered to move Shanxi people to Zhangde, Weihui, Guide, Linqing and Dongchang to plant mulberry dates and reclaim land.

In August of the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Sheng Feng, Fu Youde and Chang Sheng entered Shaanxi to recruit people to join the army, and set up a 16 health clinic. About Pingyang Prefecture selected 9 guards, Taiyuan, Liao, Qin and Fen selected 7 guards, each with 5,600 guards and more than 90,000 people.

In the same year1February, the imperial court ordered Li Ke and Li Xu, commanders of the later armies, to go to Shaanxi to recruit 598 immigrants and move to Zhangde, Weihui, Guangping, Daming, Dongchang, Kaifeng and Huaiqing respectively.

In the 28th year of Hongwu (1395), in the first month, there were 26,600 officers and men in Shanxi who went to Saibei to build a city to open up wasteland.

In the fourth year of Wen Jian (1402), the Ministry of Housing researched Taiyuan and Pingyang, Ze, Lu, Liao, Fen and Qin, and moved to various states, prefectures and counties in Beiping.

In September of the second year of Yongle (1404), Taiyuan, Pingyang, Ze, Lu, Liao, Fen and Qin immigrated 10000 households, which made Beijing rich.

In September of the third year of Yongle (1405), 10000 households moved from the above areas again, enriching Beijing.

In the first month of the fourth year of Yongle (1406), 2 14 households, including Li Mao, a county official from Huguang, Shanxi and Shandong, were willing to go to Beijing for the people, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development gave them a family allowance.

In May of the fifth year of Yongle (1407), the court ordered the household department to recruit 5,000 households from Pingyang, Shanxi and Denglai, Shandong, and went to Shanglinyuan, Beijing to supervise work, graze and plant.

In May of the 15th year of Yongle (14 17), Pingyang, Datong, Yuzhou, Guangling and other counties in Shanxi applied to the court to go to Beijing, Guangping, Qinghe, Zhengding, Jizhou, Nangong and other counties to cultivate land for the people and pay taxes according to law, which was rewarded and subsidized by the government.

To sum up, in the early Ming Dynasty, from the sixth year of Hongwu (1373) to the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17), there were 17 immigrants in Shanxi, with hundreds or even tens of thousands of them at a time, and the number before and after reached 1 10,000. Looking back at the immigration activities organized by the government in the history of our country, the Han Dynasty was limited to reclaiming land and guarding the border, and did not form a national scale; The three countries are divided into one side, each scattered and cultivated; Immigrants settled in the Tang Dynasty and prospered, but they were abandoned after the Anshi Rebellion. In the Song Dynasty, literature was valued over martial arts, and farming flourished and declined. By the Yuan Dynasty, the whole country was prosperous, but soon the world was in chaos. Therefore, Shanxi immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty were the largest organized and planned official immigrants.

At that time, a word called "Jieshou" was coined, which is still in use today, but it is an irrefutable fact. After people were forcibly registered, in order to prevent them from escaping on the way, officers and men tied them behind their backs and connected them with a long rope. On the migration road at that time, there were a series of immigrants everywhere, and they turned step by step, and they were also worried. In the process of escort, because of the long distance, people inevitably have to urinate, but several people or even dozens of people are tied to a rope, which is very inconvenient. So I had to report to the escort officers and soldiers: "Sir, please relieve yourself, I have to pee." In this way, day after day, one person after another, the number of times is becoming more and more simplified, and they say, "Sir, I want to relieve myself."

In the early Ming Dynasty, there was a Yuan named Cheng Fu. He fought side by side with Zhu Yuanzhang, fought in the south and fought in the north, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. This official worships General Wei Zhen. After the reunification of the Ming Dynasty, the first task was to emigrate and reclaim land. Yuan automatically signed up, and his family moved from Huanggang, Cao County, Shandong Province. At that time, Geng Gen was appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang, and was given the "Jade Monument with Yuan Inscription" and was awarded the third class merit. Yuan Gong Zheng settled in Tu Gang, north of Wang Guan Temple, about 20 kilometers north of Cao Zhou, and named it "Yuanjiagudui". The inscription reads: "Hongdong branches from the old family, and Cao Zhou lives in the old family style."

There are many Shanxi immigrants in Shaanxi Province, probably because they are separated from Shanxi by a river. According to the collected spectrum spy, ancestors such as Dai in Wugong County, Zhao in linyou county, Xing in Fufeng County, Liu in Binxian County, Zheng in Guyuan County, Yang in Mizhi County and Liu in Meixian County all moved from Hongdong in the early Ming Dynasty.

To sum up, the immigrants under the pagoda tree in Hongtong initially moved directly to Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi provinces and cities. However, in the past few hundred years, the descendants of these local immigrants have moved to Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Northeast China, Hongkong and Taiwan Province. Especially in recent decades, the wave of immigrants has come and gone. For example, before liberation, "westward", "Kanto" and "Southeast Asia", after the founding of the People's Republic of China, urban educated youth "bordered" and "went to the countryside", as well as studying abroad, visiting relatives and settling down since the reform and opening up, all made the descendants of Hongtong immigrants travel all over China and the ends of the earth.

2. In the Ming Dynasty, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province immigrated to Guzhen, Bengbu, Anhui Province.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were wars all over China, and there was no evidence to prove that the Shandong war was particularly tragic.

It is said that after Judy succeeded in usurping the throne, she immigrated from Shaanxi on a large scale to fill the vacancy and develop the wilderness. Immigrants concentrated in weaving Sophora japonica in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, and then immigrated to Shandong and Anhui, so the immigrants claimed that their hometown was Sophora japonica in Hongdong County.

The ancestors moved under the big locust tree in Laowowo Village, Hongtong County, Shanxi Province.

According to historical records, there was chaos in the world at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the Yuan Army washed Lin Hao (Fengyang, the birthplace of Zhu Yuanzhang) seven times. Changhuai, thousands of miles away, is barren and sparsely populated. "Many people are in exile, but ten rooms are empty." . So after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming regime, he began a large-scale immigration movement. In the twenty-second year of Hongwu, 140,000 people in the south of the Yangtze River emigrated. Later, he moved to Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Jiangsu, Songzhu and other places. During the period from Hongwu to Yongle, immigrants from Taiyuan and Pingyang in the south of Shanxi gathered in Hongtong County for 9 times, and then were sent to Fengyang, Bengbu and Huaiyuan in Anhui.

In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1), Huaiyuan Army was abandoned and jingshan county was changed to Huaiyuan County. Now Bengbu belongs to Huaiyuan County in the west and zhongmou county in the east, both of which belong to Haozhou, Anfeng Road. Guzhen County belongs to Suzhou, and Wuhe County belongs to Sizhou. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1367), Haozhou was promoted to the government. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhongli County was changed to neutral country, Linhuai County and Fengyang County was added. Now the west of Bengbu belongs to Huaiyuan County and the east belongs to Fengyang County. Now Guzhen County belongs to Suzhou, Huaiyuan County, Lingbi County, Wuhe County and Fengyang County. Lin Hao Prefecture has been changed to Neutral Prefecture, Fengyang Prefecture, Suzhou Prefecture, Huaiyuan County, Lingbi County, Wuhe County and Fengyang County, all of which are under the jurisdiction of Fengyang Prefecture. In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), Wuhe County was changed to Sizhou. In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), west of Macungou in Fengyang County, east of Xijiagou in Huaiyuan County and Houlou in Lingbi County were designated as Bengbu independent administrative regions, with three county decrees directly under Fengyang Prefecture.

19 12, founded in the Republic of China and abandoned by Fengyang government. Huaiyuan County and Wuhe County originally belonged to Anhui Province (established in 1667), and later belonged to Huaisi Road in Anhui Province. At the same time, the three counties of Bengbu were abolished, and now the north of Huaihe River in Bengbu City belongs to Lingbi County, and the south of Huaihe River belongs to Fengyang County; Guzhen County is still divided into Suxian County, Lingbi County, Wuhe County, Huaiyuan County and Fengyang County. 1927 Nanjing National Government was established and officially abandoned. Fengyang County, Huaiyuan County, Lingbi County and Wuhe County are directly under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province. At the beginning of 1929, Bengbu City Preparatory Office was established, and it was revoked the following year, and it still belongs to Fengyang County. 1932, Huaiyuan county and Fengyang county were changed to fourth area, Anhui province and Wuhe county were changed to the seventh and sixth districts successively. During the occupation, Bengbu was set as the seat of the pseudo-Anhui provincial reform government and the pseudo-Anhui provincial government. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Fengyang County was successively changed to the ninth, fifth and fourth districts of Anhui Province. 1946 1 1 In June, Bengbu set up a city preparation office, which was separated from Fengyang County and governed the area south of Huaihe River and the small Bengbu area north of Huaihe River. 1 947 65438+1October1,Bengbu was officially established as the first city in Anhui Province, directly under Anhui Province.

1 949 65438+1October1After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Bengbu City, Huaiyuan County and Wuhe County were subordinate to the administrative office of northern Anhui, and Guzhen County is now subordinate to Suxian County, Wuhe County, Lingbi County and Huaiyuan County. 1April, 952, Bengbu was in Anhui province; The above four counties were changed to Suxian District of Anhui Province, and in June 1956 was changed to Bengbu District, and in June 196 1 still belonged to Suxian District. 1964 10, parts of Suxian County, Huaiyuan County, Wuhe County and Lingbi County formed Guzhen County, which belongs to Suxian District. 197 1, Suxian District was changed to District. 1July, 983, Huaiyuan County, Wuhe County and Guzhen County were transferred from Suxian County to Bengbu City.