Who has the answers to the exercises after class in the textbook of modern world history? I really appreciate it．

The answers to the exercises after class in the first volume of Modern History of the World published by People's Education Press.

Section two: the opening of new sea routes and early colonial activities

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

I. Multiple choice questions 1.b2.b

Second, questions and answers

1. What are the reasons and effects of opening new routes in western European countries?

A: The reasons for opening up new sea lanes are the development of European commodity economy, Europeans' pursuit of gold, the commercial crisis caused by the Ottoman Empire's control of the trade routes between East and West, and the strong interest of Portuguese and Spanish royal families in spreading Catholicism abroad. The influence of the new route is: it caused the so-called "commercial revolution" and "price revolution"; Break the relative isolation of the country and create conditions for the formation of the world market; It promoted the disintegration of feudal system and the growth of capitalism in western Europe; European colonists plundered in Asia, Africa and the United States, transported a large amount of wealth back to Europe and turned it into capital, which caused extreme poverty and backwardness of the colonial people. The correctness of the earth circle theory is proved.

2. What are the main areas and characteristics of Portuguese and Spanish colonial activities?

A: Portugal occupied Brazil in America, some strongholds on the east and west coasts of Africa, and Goa, Malacca, China and Macau in Asia. Portugal, because of its small country and backward economy, is characterized by the establishment of military strongholds, commercial post stations and monopoly trade routes. Spain mainly occupied America, Central and South America except Brazil, and the Philippines in Asia. /kloc-In the 6th century, sugar cane production, slave trade and crazy plunder of precious metals were the three major sources of wealth for Spanish colonial plunder.

Third, reading and thinking.

What was the main purpose of the pioneers of the new route and the early western colonists to America? What does Diaz mean by "bringing light to people in the dark"?

They hope to find gold in this "new continent" of America and plunder other properties, especially spices. In addition, they all have strong religious fanaticism and want to spread Catholicism and naturalize the locals.

(2) Diaz hoped that through colonization, Native American Indians in a "barbaric state" would be converted to Catholicism.

Section 3 Renaissance

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions 1. C2.b

Second, questions and answers

1. Why did Italy become the birthplace of the Renaissance?

A: The seeds of capitalism first appeared in Italy, and the bourgeoisie fought against feudalism in the ideological and cultural fields in order to safeguard its own interests. ② Italy's own cultural background and talent structure provide important conditions.

2. How to objectively evaluate the Renaissance?

A: The Renaissance is a movement initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie to promote bourgeois ideas and culture in the name of reviving classical Greek and Roman culture. It is a great ideological and cultural liberation movement with humanism as a weapon, anti-feudalism and anti-church. It has had a great and far-reaching impact on the historical development process of Europe and even the whole world.

However, it also has some limitations, especially in the Renaissance, the excessive admiration and emphasis on its core idea-humanism led to the cross-flow of personal desires and social chaos.

Third, the material analysis problem

What thoughts and feelings does it reflect in Shakespeare's creation? What is the core idea of the Renaissance?

A: This monologue is Shakespeare's humanistic thought expressed through Hamlet's mouth, and it entrusts his ideal of being optimistic about people and society.

Section 1 British bourgeois revolution

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, the multiple-choice question1.c2.a.

Second, questions and answers

1. Briefly describe the major developments and changes in Britain from16th century to17th century.

A: From16th century to the beginning of17th century, the main changes in Britain are as follows: economically, the establishment and development of handicraft workshops marked the rise and development of British capitalist economy from feudal economy; The "enclosure movement" led to the emergence of capitalist pastures and farms in rural areas of England. In terms of class relations, with the development of capitalist economy, the bourgeoisie and new noble, as well as workers and agricultural workers, have formed. Politically, in the16th century, in order to strengthen autocratic rule and weaken the influence of the old aristocracy, the Tudor dynasty carried out religious reforms and implemented policies conducive to the development of industry and commerce, making Britain stronger and becoming a maritime power. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/7th century, the Stuart dynasty began to rule, and feudal autocracy has become a serious obstacle to the development of capitalism.

2. On the historical significance of British bourgeois revolution.

A: (see textbook)

Third, reading and thinking.

1. What are the differences between the political systems of China and Britain in the same historical period?

A: The power of the king of England is restricted by parliament, and the political system is constitutional monarchy. Emperor China was autocratic and the political system was feudal.

2. Try to make a brief evaluation of the political system established by the British bourgeois revolution.

A: The constitutional monarchy established by the British bourgeois revolution greatly weakened the power of the king, and the parliament and the government gradually mastered the power to govern the country. Although this political system has its historical limitations, it ended Britain's feudal autocracy and made Britain embark on the road of bourgeois political democratization, which is conducive to the development of capitalism. It represents the trend of historical development and is a great progress in history.

In the fourth quarter, the Enlightenment in Europe

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises and thinking questions

First, the multiple-choice question1.c2.a.

Second, questions and answers

1. Try to compare and see what the French enlightenment thinkers inherited from the early British enlightenment thinkers. What are the developments?

A: French enlightenment thinkers have comprehensively inherited the progressive ideas of early British enlightenment thinkers, which are mainly manifested in four aspects: first, religion: holding a negative and critical attitude towards church doctrine; Secondly, on the issue of the emergence of the state: denying the divine right of the monarch and thinking that the people created the state through social contract; Third, about the function of the state: one of the purposes of establishing the state is to protect private property; Fourth, state power should belong to the idea that parliament and monarch are in charge.

On the basis of inheritance, French enlightenment thinkers developed the early enlightenment thought in England: they attacked the Catholic church more violently and opposed the autocratic monarchy, but they also hoped to carry out reforms through an "enlightened" monarch; On the basis of decentralization theory, the principle of decentralization is put forward; On the basis of the idea that social contract creates a country, it developed into "social contract theory" and "people's sovereignty theory", thus pushing the Enlightenment to a climax.

2. Briefly describe the influence of the Enlightenment.

A: In the era of bourgeois revolution, ideological and theoretical preparations were made for the bourgeoisie to gain a dominant position; In France, he made full mental preparations for the coming bourgeois revolution; In other countries in Europe and America, on the one hand, it promoted bourgeois revolution and reform, on the other hand, it directly affected some feudal monarchs, making them have to resort to "enlightened autocracy" to maintain their rule; In Asia, people with lofty ideals in China, Japan and other countries are encouraged to fight for the transformation of the old society.

Third, the material analysis problem

1. What progressive ideological principles are embodied in the above materials?

A: Social contract theory, people's sovereignty theory and separation of powers theory.

2. Compare material 1 with material 2, and analyze the connection and difference between Hobbes and Rousseau.

A: Hobbes put forward the idea of social contract, but he did not oppose the royal power. He proposed that once the contract was established, it could not be abolished. Rousseau inherited Hobbes' thought of social contract, but he thought that if kingship violated public opinion, the social contract could be abolished with the consent of all citizens, and put forward the theory of people's sovereignty.

Section 5 The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

I. Multiple choice questions 1.b2.c3.d

Second, questions and answers

1. What were the economic conditions that led to the outbreak of the French Revolution?

A: ① French industry and commerce have developed to some extent, but the development of capitalism has been seriously hindered by feudal autocracy; (2) At that time, the French government faced a serious financial crisis; (3) King Louis XVI of France was forced to hold a third-level meeting in May 1789 in an attempt to raise the third-level tax and solve the financial problem.

2. What major revolutionary measures were taken during the reign of jacobins? Please make a brief comment on the jacobin Rule.

A: The main revolutionary measures are as follows: ① The National Association issued a decree to divide the land of the fugitive aristocrats into small pieces for sale, and the land price was paid at 10 year; Rural public land can be distributed according to the local population; Abolish all feudal obligations unconditionally. These measures solved the problem of farmers' land and won farmers' support for the Jacobin regime. ② The League of Nations "put terror on the agenda": hoarding is strictly prohibited economically, and the policy of maximum price for daily necessities is implemented; Politically, the Law on Punishment of Criminal Suspects was promulgated, which stipulated that all criminal suspects should be detained and supervised. These measures played an undeniable role in saving the Republic and the revolution, but they also had a negative impact because of the wide range of attacks and the excessive number of executions. (3) The League of Nations issued a general mobilization order, declaring the whole country into a state of emergency to counter foreign interference. A large number of young people were drafted into the army. By the end of 1793, the French army basically drove away the foreign intervention troops.

3. During the constitutional monarchy, the Decree on Abolishing the Feudal System was passed. So, what progress has gironde and jacobins made in abolishing the feudal land system?

Answer: ① The Decree on Abolishing Feudalism adopted during the constitutional monarchy period does have its limitations. Redeeming the rights and land of feudal lords is a concrete manifestation of this limitation, which shows that this decree is not thorough in opposing feudalism; However, under the historical conditions at that time, the promulgation of this decree was a historical progress, a preliminary denial of the feudal system, and the maximum that the constitutional monarchy could do in this respect, so it had a certain positive effect.

(2) During gironde's reign, the feudal land system was further reformed, and it was announced that public land was distributed by households in rural areas, and all feudal rights on "ownerless land" were abolished free of charge.

(3) Compared with the constitutional monarchy and the special envoy of Gyllenhaal, jacobins's anti-feudal measures are more thorough, which are embodied in the following aspects: it is in the interests of small farmers to announce that the land of fleeing aristocrats will be divided into small plots for sale, and the land price will be paid in 10; Rural public land is distributed according to the local population, and farmers no longer have to pay; Abolish all feudal rights unconditionally.

Third, the material analysis problem

How should we evaluate the French Revolution and the foreign wars in Napoleon's time?

A: ① The foreign war during the French Revolution was a just revolutionary war against the interference of European feudal forces in the French Revolution; (2) The Napoleonic wars were twofold: the first stage was to break the anti-French alliance and protect and consolidate the revolutionary achievements; In the later period, it was an unjust war to satisfy the French big bourgeoisie's desire for aggression and expansion, which was characterized by aggression and enslavement of the people of European countries.

Section 6 Establishment of the United States

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice question c

2. What was the important influence of the North American War of Independence?

A: At home: break the British colonial shackles and win national independence; Establish a capitalist system and promote political, economic and democratic reforms. International: The establishment of the first independent country in modern America influenced the French Revolution and the Latin American independence movement.

Third, the material analysis problem

1. What political system principle does Material 3 embody?

A: The principle of separation of powers.

2. Based on the relevant knowledge learned, analyze the reasons why the British colonial people in North America demanded independence.

A: The fundamental reason is that British colonial rule hindered the development of colonial economy in North America. Specific reasons: the consciousness of national self-determination and national independence brought about by the formation of the American nation; The colonial tradition of parliamentary democracy and the influence of enlightenment; Britain's economic repression and political coercion against the colonies intensified contradictions; Propaganda and encouragement of progressives (such as Paine)

Section 7 Latin American independence movement

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, the multiple-choice question1.c2.a.

Second, questions and answers

Think about it. At the end of 18 and the beginning of 19, why did Latin America have a magnificent independence movement?

A: Subjectively (internally), the feudal colonial rule of Spain and Portugal hindered the social progress of Latin America and intensified ethnic contradictions; Latin American economic development is the economic motive force to get rid of the control of the suzerain; The spread of the Enlightenment enhanced the Latin American people's awareness of democracy and freedom. Objectively (externally), the American War of Independence and the French Revolution inspired the Latin American people's sense of national independence. Spain and Portugal were occupied by the French army, and their colonial power was greatly weakened.

Section 1 Industrial Revolution and the Development of Capitalist Economy

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, the multiple-choice question1.a2.d.

Second, questions and answers

1. What are the main factors that hinder the development of the French industrial revolution?

A: Due to the long-term existence of small and medium-sized enterprises and small-scale peasant economy, the development of usury and many other factors, French enterprises are scattered, the invention and popularization of new technologies and machines are difficult, industrial labor and industrial capital are relatively lacking, and the domestic market is not very prosperous, which hinders the development of the industrial revolution to some extent.

2. What is the main reason for the rapid development of American industrial revolution?

A: ① The United States is rich in domestic resources and has a broad market; (2) The international environment is superior and less affected by the war; The influx of foreign immigrants has brought a lot of labor and advanced technology.

Third, reading and thinking.

Why did the industrial revolution change the face of the world?

A: ① The industrial revolution greatly improved social productive forces and enriched material life. (2) It caused the change of social structure and produced two opposing emerging classes ── the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. With the rapid growth of economic strength, the bourgeoisie gradually defeated the feudal forces and mastered the political power; The proletariat suffers from heavy exploitation and oppression and becomes poorer and poorer. They gradually realized that they wanted to change the fate of being exploited and oppressed and began to struggle. ③ Promoted the rise of modern cities. (4) The world is more closely linked, objectively spreading the advanced capitalist production technology and mode to all parts of the world and changing the world. Backward areas such as Asia, Africa and Latin America have accelerated the process of colonization and semi-colonization, and the degree of plunder is getting bigger and bigger, making the East subordinate to the West. Britain, which took the lead in completing the industrial revolution, soon became the world hegemon, and the pattern of international relations changed greatly.

The Birth of Marxism and the Development of Socialist Movement

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions 1. B2

Second, questions and answers

1. What is the historical significance of the publication of the Producers' Party Manifesto?

A: The Manifesto of the Productive Party comprehensively and systematically expounded the basic principles of Marxism for the first time, and revealed the historical mission of the proletariat: overthrowing the bourgeoisie by violence, establishing its own rule, and then building a socialist capitalist society. Its publication marks the birth of Marxism.

2. What revolutionary measures did the Paris Commune take? What is the historical significance?

A: In terms of political power construction, the old army and the old police were abolished, the bourgeois courts and parliaments were abolished, and the national guards were replaced, and the working class's own public security, judicial and legislative institutions were established; It is stipulated that public officials are democratically elected and the people have the right to supervise and recall them. In terms of social economy, the factories of fugitive capitalists were confiscated and handed over to workers' cooperatives for management; Supervise the production of railways and arms. All these show that the Paris Commune is a proletarian regime and an attempt by the proletariat to overthrow bourgeois rule and establish proletarian dictatorship.

Third, the material analysis problem

What does the "ugly system" mentioned in 1. material 1 mean? Do you think the author's wish can come true?

A: The capitalist system. The author's wish can't come true.

2. Look at the above materials and think about it. What do you think the goal of the proletarian regime should be?

A: Establish your own political power, develop productive forces and build a socialist production society.

19 in the fourth quarter, the bourgeois revolution and reform in the 1960s and 1970s.

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

I. Multiple choice questions 1.b2.d3.d4.c

Second, questions and answers

1. 186 1 year, why did Alexander II reform serfdom?

A:/kloc-In the first half of the 9th century, Russian capitalist industry developed and the industrial revolution began. However, due to the existence of feudal serfdom, serfs lived in poverty, resulting in a narrow domestic market in Russia, a shortage of free labor, a capitalist industry far behind western European countries, the failure of Russia's foreign expansion war, intensified social contradictions, and surging peasant movements. In order to ease class contradictions and save the ruling crisis, Alexander II had to carry out top-down reforms.

2. What was the main contradiction between the North and the South before the American Civil War?

A: Before the American Civil War, the northern bourgeoisie demanded: first, to establish a unified market, to oppose a large number of exports of raw materials and imports of industrial products, and to advocate tariff protection; Second, advocate increasing free labor and abolishing slavery; Third, oppose the expansion of the number of slaves and establish a "free country" in the West. On the other hand, the southern slave owners advocated free trade, expanded the number of slaves and established a "slave-holding country" in the West. The focus of the contradiction between the two sides is the preservation or abolition of slavery.

3. What is the significance of German reunification?

A: German reunification is a progress in German history. It ended the long-term division, paved the way for the development of German capitalist economy, and Germany became an emerging power, which changed the political structure in Europe.

4. What does resurrection mean?

A: After reunification, Italy ended the political situation of alien oppression and separatism and formed a unified country, which was conducive to the development of capitalism.

5. Briefly describe the main measures of Meiji Restoration.

A: ① Politically, abolish the vassal state and set up a county, and strengthen centralization; Abolish the feudal identity system and samurai privileges. (2) Economically, abolish the law prohibiting land sales and agree to levy local taxes; Introduce advanced western technology and vigorously develop modern capitalist industry and commerce. (3) Militarily, implement the conscription system, establish a new army full of Bushido spirit and loyal to the emperor, and actively prepare for foreign wars. (4) Culturally, carry out the policy of civilization and transform Japanese feudal culture with western capitalist culture; Develop modern education and train talents for capitalist construction.

Third, the material analysis problem

Compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the abolition of serfdom in Russia and the abolition of slavery in the United States, and make a brief evaluation.

Answer: the same point: the freedom of serfs or slaves is conducive to the development of capitalism. Difference: mainly the different ways of liberation. The way to abolish slavery in the United States is that all rebellious black slaves in various States are unconditionally liberated; The abolition of serfdom in Russia is a way for serfs to buy land at their own expense and gain real freedom. Judging from the process and results, although both of them are beneficial to the development of domestic capitalism and a great progress of society, the measures to abolish slavery in the United States are relatively more thorough.

Section 5 Global Expansion and Competition of Capitalist Powers

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions a

Second, questions and answers

What impact will the initial formation of the capitalist world market have?

A: It has promoted the development of capitalist economy in big countries; Deepen the contradiction between capitalist powers and colonies and semi-colonies; It has impacted the social system in backward areas and spread the material culture and spiritual culture of the bourgeoisie. It has further strengthened the ties between countries and regions in the world.

Third, the material analysis problem

What do you think of colonialism?

A: Subjectively, colonial countries want to seize raw material producing areas and commodity markets and serve their own bourgeoisie, which objectively brings disasters to colonial and semi-colonial countries and sends back wealth to colonial countries. At the same time, the commodities and guns of colonial countries also destroyed the old ruling order of colonies and semi-colonies, spread advanced ideas and production technologies, and forced the latter to enter the painful modernization process.

Section 6 Asian revolutionary storm

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

I. Multiple choice questions 1.b2.c

Second, questions and answers

1. Briefly analyze the background and main features of the Asian revolutionary storm.

A: Background: With the development of the industrial revolution, capitalist powers have stepped up their aggression against Asia. Main features: dual nature of opposing colonialism and feudalism; Spread to many parts of Asia; Lack of leadership of the advanced class.

2. 1857 ~ 1859 What is the significance of Indian national uprising?

Hint: Answer from three aspects: Indians, British colonists and other parts of Asia.

Section 1 The Second Industrial Revolution

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice question c

Second, questions and answers

1. In what aspects did the second industrial revolution achieve outstanding achievements?

A: ① With the wide application of electricity, mankind has entered the electrical age; (2) The creation of internal combustion engine solved the engine problem of vehicles and promoted the development of petroleum exploration industry and the emergence of petrochemical industry; (3) The development of telecommunications has facilitated the rapid transmission of information; ④ A new chemical industry has been established.

2. Try to make a brief analysis of monopoly organizations that appeared in the late19th century.

A: On the one hand, monopoly organization is the product of the development of productive forces, and its appearance has promoted the development of productive forces to a certain extent. The planned production of monopoly organizations is a historical progress to some extent compared with the unplanned private production in the stage of free capitalism. On the other hand, monopoly capitalists who control monopoly organizations are increasingly interfering in the political and economic life of the country, and capitalist countries are gradually becoming representatives of the interests of monopoly organizations, which accelerates the pace of foreign aggression by major capitalist countries.

Section 2 Transition from Major Capitalist Countries to Imperialism

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

I. Multiple choice questions 1.d2.b

Second, questions and answers

1.65438+ What are the reasons for the rapid economic development of the United States and Germany at the end of 2009 and the beginning of the 20th century?

A: The reasons include: ① domestic political stability: the United States maintained national unity after the Civil War; Germany has achieved national reunification. (2) Domestic market: The development of American western territory expanded the domestic market; The completion of Germany's national reunification has opened up a unified domestic market. ③ Capital: After the Civil War, a large amount of European capital poured into the United States; After the Franco-Prussian War, French reparations supplemented the necessary funds for German economic development. ④ Technology: Both the United States and Germany benefited from the second industrial revolution; ⑤ Resources: The United States is rich in natural resources; Germany obtained mineral deposits from Alsace and Lorraine in France. 6 foreign relations: the United States has no strong neighbors; The victory of the Franco-Prussian War gave Germany the upper hand in continental Europe for the time being.

2. Explain how Japan realized the first step of its "mainland policy" by forcing North Korea to open its doors until it annexed North Korea.

A: After the Meiji Restoration, the autocratic regime of the Emperor, representing the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, vigorously pursued the policy of aggression and expansion. 1876, North Korea was forced to sign the Jianghua Treaty by force, which opened the door to North Korea and reduced it to a semi-colony. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government was driven out of Korea, and Japan strengthened its control over Korea. In the Russo-Japanese War, Russian troops were driven out of northeast China and Korea, and Korea became a de facto colony after the war. 19 10, Japan forced the North Korean government to sign the Japan-Korea Merger Treaty and formally annexed North Korea.

3. How to evaluate the colonial system in the capitalist world?

A: ① 19 At the end of the 20th century, the imperialist countries had enslaved and controlled most of the land and population in the world, and the colonial system of the capitalist world was finally formed. ② The colonial system of the capitalist world is capitalism.

As an important part of the world system, the formation of the capitalist world colonial system marks the final establishment of the capitalist world system. (3) Under the colonial system of the capitalist world, colonial and semi-colonial countries and regions have become raw material producing areas, commodity markets and capital exporting places of "advanced" capitalist countries, controlling their economic lifelines and subjecting them to cruel economic exploitation and political oppression.

Third, the material analysis problem

Q: ① What is the background of signing this treaty? (2) Which treaty in the modern history of China is similar to the provisions in the fourth paragraph of this treaty? Which right does the tenth paragraph deal with? ③ Compare the similarities and differences between the British invasion of China in 1840 and the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1876 in terms of the historical background of the incident, the nature of the countries concerned and the historical impact of the incident.

A: ① The background is: 1876. Japan, which has just embarked on the capitalist road, forced North Korea to sign this treaty by force. (2) The fourth paragraph of the treaty is similar to the provision of "five ports trade" in the first unequal treaty in China's modern history, Sino-British treaty of nanking; Article 10 of the Jianghua Treaty involves the provision of "consular jurisdiction", which seriously infringes on the judicial sovereignty of North Korea. (3) From the historical background of the incident, the British invasion of China in 1840 occurred in the stage of free capitalism, while Japan's invasion of Korea began in the stage of capitalist gradual transition to imperialism. The nature of the countries concerned is: Britain is an old capitalist country; After Meiji Restoration, Japan became a new capitalist country. Before the invasion, China and Korea were both feudal countries. ⑤ The historical impact of this incident mainly includes: after the Opium War, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and by the beginning of the 20th century, China formed a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; North Korea became a Japanese colony in 19 10; 19 At the end of the 20th century, both Britain and Japan became imperialist countries.

Section III Development of National Democratic Movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises and thinking questions

First, multiple-choice questions 1. B2

Second, questions and answers

What are the new features of the Indian people's anti-British struggle from 1. 1905 to 1908 compared with the Indian national uprising from 1857 to 1859?

Answer: ① The leadership is different: the former is the national bourgeoisie and the latter is the feudal vassal; ② The participants are different: the former is the national bourgeoisie, workers and other social strata, while the latter is the feudal princes, soldiers and peasants; ③ Different ways of struggle: the former is a combination of political strike and armed struggle, while the latter is mainly an armed uprising.

2.65438+What are the similarities between the national democratic movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America at the end of 2009 and the beginning of the 20th century? Think about it, what was the situation in China at that time?

Answer: ① Oppose imperialist aggression in the form of political struggle or armed struggle; In the struggle between Asian and Latin American countries, new forces have emerged: the national bourgeoisie and the proletariat; The national democratic movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America have achieved certain results. (2) At that time, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Boxer Rebellion and the Revolution of 1911 appeared in China.

The fourth quarter, the new development of the socialist movement and the birth of Leninism

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions 1. C2

Second, questions and answers

1. What are the advantages of setting up a second international?

A: ①/kloc-In the late 9th century, the European and American workers' movements rose again after the failure of the Paris Commune, which prepared the class conditions for the establishment of the Second International. (2) The further spread of Marxism in Europe and America prepared the ideological conditions. The establishment of working-class political parties and organizations in Germany, France, the United States and other countries has prepared organizational conditions. (4) Marx and Engels' concern and guidance for the workers' movement is also conducive to the establishment of the Second International.

2. What is the significance of the second congress of Russian Social Democratic Labor Party?

A: At the second congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, with Lenin's insistence, the congress put the realization of proletarian dictatorship into the party program. Lenin won the support of most people and was elected as a member of the party's central leading body. This congress marks the establishment of the Russian proletarian party. From this year on, Bolshevik thought headed by Lenin was called Bolshevism, and its appearance marked the birth of Leninism.

Section 5 World War I

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions 1. D2

Second, questions and answers

1. What was the root cause of the outbreak of World War I?

A: The root cause of the outbreak of the Great War was the unbalanced development of capitalism, the old and new imperialists contending for hegemony and repartitioning colonies. The imbalance of capitalist economic and political development is aggravated with the transition to the imperialist stage. At that time, the industrial production status of several major capitalist countries had undergone earth-shaking changes in the world: Britain, an old capitalist country, retreated to the third place, the emerging United States jumped to the first place, and Germany, a rising star, jumped to the second place in the world and the first place in Europe. The imbalance of economic development has changed the balance of power between imperialist countries, resulting in the situation that power and occupation of colonies are upside down. However, at the end of 65438+2009 and the beginning of the 20th century, the world had been carved up, thus forming a situation in Europe in which emerging Germany competed with established capitalist countries, Britain, France and Russia, for hegemony and re-carved up the world.

2. How to understand the nature of the First World War and the outcome of the war?

A: The nature of war: (see the relevant content in the textbook); The result of the great war: World War I produced two results. First, it greatly weakened the power of imperialism, destroyed Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and other empires, and even weakened the victory of Britain and France. In addition, the feudal Ottoman Empire disintegrated. Second, the Russian proletariat won the great victory of the October Revolution and established the first socialist country in the world. Under the influence of the First World War and the impetus of the October Revolution, the proletarian revolutionary movement in capitalist countries and the national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America also appeared a new situation of high tide.

Third, the material analysis problem

Q: ① Is Japan's intention of declaring war on Germany to "return" China Jiaozhou Bay to China?

② What other historical events do you know about the above-mentioned China-Shandong issue? Please list briefly.

A: ① Japan declared war on Germany at the beginning of World War I, not to "return" China territories such as Jiaozhou Bay to China, but to replace Germany in occupying Shandong, China. ② Mainly:/kloc-At the end of 0/9, in the frenzy of imperialist partition of China, the Germans occupied Jiaozhou Bay. 19 14 autumn, Japan invaded Shandong, China, and obtained the rights and interests of Shandong, China, which was originally occupied by Germany. Later, on the condition of supporting Yuan Shikai as emperor, he put forward "Twenty-one Articles", including recognizing all the rights enjoyed by Japan when it took over Germany in China and Shandong, and expanding them. At the Paris Peace Conference after the First World War, the representative of the China government proposed that the original German power in Shandong, which was seized by Japan in the war, must be recovered by China. This reasonable request was rejected by Britain, the United States and other countries that controlled the meeting, which led to the May 4th patriotic movement in China, and the representative of China refused to sign the peace treaty.

Section 1 Natural Science

Attachment 1: tips for answers to exercises.

First, multiple-choice questions 1. C2

Second, questions and answers

1. What inspiration did you get from the process of modern scientific invention?

(The answer is abbreviated)

2. What is the significance of Darwin's theory of evolution?

A: ① It's a big synthesis of biology. (2) The "God's Creationism" was fundamentally overthrown, which made mankind make a leap in thought.