What was the life of Han people under Mongolian rule in Yuan Dynasty?

There are two completely different views on the life of Han people under Mongolian rule in Yuan Dynasty:

The rule of a Mongolian, of course, is very harsh. In addition to the massacre and slaughter in the process of conquest, after the establishment of the dynasty, Mongolians were also famous for their concentration. During the period, Amar and Sanger were used to collect money many times, and all three left the stigma of "profiteering without skill" in history.

But there are also many contrary records. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Ye, a literati in the south of the Yangtze River, complained about the low political status of the literati in Yuan Dynasty, but he also said: Since Yuan Zu, people who ruled the world for 60 or 70 years have been given lighter punishment and thinner taxes, and Serenade has used it. Living to support, the dead buried, Wan Li Road, stay at home, the so-called prosperity. It simply describes Dayuan as unprecedented prosperity.

Mainly because the Mongolian rulers established a tax and grain system in the north, but basically followed the old system of the Southern Song Dynasty in the south to alleviate the impact of regime change. The Cambridge History of China said: "Southerners pay much less taxes than the North."

Extended data:

There are two reasons why the Mongols ruled the life of Han people in the North and South differently in the Yuan Dynasty:

First, although Mongolians are bent on extracting money, they are not as simple as Mongolians in essence. Although the Yuan Dynasty had been in financial difficulties because of the use of soldiers in many ways and the emperor's generous reward, the main way they thought of was to issue paper money indiscriminately, and the exploitation of the people was not to the extreme.

Another, more crucial, is the Yuan Dynasty's policy of dividing North and South. In the process of Mongolian conquest, southerners had the lowest political status because they were conquered at the latest. But at the same time, the Mongols' rule over the south of China is far looser than that of the north. Mongols rule different places in different ways. The so-called "rule by habit".

Although Korea (the historical regime of the Korean Peninsula) has a province, it is ruled by the Korean royal family, Tubo is ruled by the royal family, and Dali in Yunnan is still ruled by the Duan family.

In addition, the Yuan Dynasty adopted different taxation methods in the north and south of China. Mongolian rulers established a tax and grain system in the north, but in the south they basically followed the old system of the Southern Song Dynasty to alleviate the impact of regime change. The Yuan Dynasty "adopted an unusual policy of' leniency' to the Jiangnan clans living in Jiangsu, Songjiang, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, and fully utilized and protected them".

Therefore, from the self-destruction of the Song Dynasty to the Red Scarf Army Uprising for more than 70 years, Jiangnan has a stable society, a dense population and a developed economy. Therefore, although southerners have a low political status, they actually have a sense of superiority towards the north: "People from the north and the south are also close to each other. If they are promoted to the State of Qin, they can't be with China.

Phoenix Net-How the Mongols Ruled the Han People in Yuan Dynasty