Mongolia's first voyage to the West: Hua La Zi Mo led Mongolian cavalry to the West.

Mongolia's first voyage to the West, also known as the "Hualamozi War", was a war for Mongolia to destroy the overlord of Central Asia. This war has a turning point in the history of Mongolian empire expansion. Before the war, the vision of the Mongolian empire was mainly concentrated in the Central Plains, but it was to maintain peace and had no yearning for the western Islamic world. However, a series of actions of King Walamoz finally angered Genghis Khan, made Mongolia's iron hoof travel all over Central Asia, and opened a milestone in conquering the western world.

/kloc-in the third century, the political map of the eastern and western worlds has undergone tremendous changes. 1206, the Mongolian khanate was founded, and then it launched a war against Xixia and Jin, which is likely to enter the Central Plains. In the Western Regions, the once powerful Western Liao Empire collapsed, and Gaochang Uighur and Karakhanate were out of its control. 1209, gaochang Uighur and halalu surrendered to Mongolia, and Mongolia's sphere of influence entered the western regions.

12 1 1 year, Qu Chulv, son of Naimansun Khan, seized the Western Liao regime. Because Temujin was busy fighting against Jin, Qu Chulv was left alone for the time being. 12 16, Mongolia has defeated the state of Jin. As a result, Genghis Khan was able to leave the Central Plains and hand over the affairs of North China to Muqali, while he focused on eliminating the remnants of Naiman's department. 12 18, Temujin sent Zhe Bie to the western expedition, Qu Chulv was executed, and the western Liao finally perished. Since then, the entire western region has been incorporated into the territory of Mongolia.

At that time, the overlord of Central Asia was the khanate. The flower thorn submodule was originally a subsidiary country of the western Liao Dynasty. In the late Western Liao Dynasty, the flower thorn submodule became independent, annexed the central part of the river, the Iranian plateau and other vast areas, and became the leader of the Islamic world.

12 15, hualamozi sent a delegation to visit Mongolia. Temujin was kind to the delegation of Hua La Mozi, and recognized King Mahamo of Hua La Mozi as the ruler of the western world. Temujin's trade with West Asia is very important. He called this trade route "Golden Rope". Temujin ordered that all business teams from Varamozi should issue certificates.

In addition to the mission, there is also a caravan of flowers and thorns that has arrived in Mongolia, but this caravan is asking for exorbitant prices and extorting money. Temujin was furious, confiscated their goods, opened the national treasury and showed them the wealth of Mongolia. The caravan was shocked. They admitted their mistakes and offered to send these goods to Temujin. Temujin turned anger into joy and bought the goods at the market price.

12 16, Temujin sent 20,000 troops to pursue the remnants of Meiere's begging department in Central Asia until they reached Li Kang. When Muhammad learned that beggars in Meiere had fled to Li Kang, he decided to take advantage of the fish in troubled waters. But on the way, I heard that Mongolia was backward, so I gathered 60 thousand people to attack the Mongolian camp. When Shu Chi heard this, he rode back to explain the story to the end of Maha, but the end of Maha didn't listen to the explanation and continued to attack. The Mongolian army began to fight back, and the Huala Zimo army was defeated and lost more than 20,000 people. If it weren't for the efforts of his son Zalandin, Maha would have been a captive of Mongolia.

12 18, Mongolia destroyed western Liao, and Maha also took the opportunity to seize some land in western Liao. As a result, the two countries began to border. Temujin sent a huge mission to Hualamozi to express his friendship. The delegation is huge, with as many as 450 people, including businessmen and officials. Knowing that Mongolia had conquered Taohuashi, Mohammed reached a peace agreement with Mongolia.

When the Mongolian mission left Samarkand and arrived in Ortera, the local chief Haier Khan was insatiable about the mission's finances, so he detained it as a spy. Later, Mahathir ordered all the missions to be killed, and only one escaped. He told Temujin the news. Temujin was so angry that he climbed the hill to pray and cried for three days. Later, Temujin sent three emissaries to Hua La Zi Mo to question Maha. Maha killed the ambassador, cut off the hair of the deputy ambassador and let him go.

Maha, this is obviously a provocation against Temujin. Temujin has never met such a country since he dominated the grassland, and this time he was completely angered.

12 19, Genghis Khan held the hulitai meeting, which was specially prepared to launch the hualamozi war. The Congress made a comprehensive plan for the Western Expedition, made military arrangements for the four sons (Shu Chi, Chahetai, Wokuotai and Tuo Lei) and thousands of families, and ordered subordinate countries such as Gaochang Uighur, Xixia and Halalu to follow the Western Expedition, but Xixia refused. The total number of troops assembled this time reached 200,000, which is the first time that the Mongolian army has reached such a scale.

Temujin set up a successor wokuotai before going out to war in order to prevent himself from going west.

In order to enhance the army's siege capability, a large number of Han Chinese, Nuzhen and Qidan craftsmen were mobilized from the Central Plains this time, bringing many advanced siege equipment, such as trebuchets, firearms and bridge frames. Many Han Chinese also participated in the Western Expedition, and Uighurs were responsible for leading the way. They know the geography of the flower thorn submodule like the back of their hands. Lu Ye Chucai, a famous scholar in Qidan, set out as a consultant of Temujin.

12 19 In September, the Mongolian army led by Temujin was killed at the gates of Ortera. There are 20,000 elite soldiers holed up here, and with the help of Halaza Army, it is difficult for Mongolia to capture them at the moment. So Temujin rearranged his strategy and divided himself into four ways. Wokuotai and Chahetai are the first route army, with * * * 13000 people, leaving behind to continue to besiege Ortera City; Shu Chi led 1 0,000 Uighur soldiers as the second route army, responsible for attacking the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River; Three generals, Alahei, Suge Tu and Tuohai, led 5,000 men as a three-way army to attack the upper reaches of the Syr Darya River. Temujin and Tuo Lei led 50,000 main troops as the Fourth Route Army, focusing on the core area of Hualamozi.

Six months later, the city of Hottelart was razed to the ground and all its residents were massacred. The third route army also won quickly and captured finakert. After Shu Chi's Second Route Army captured the main cities in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River, it continued to advance northward and entered the grasslands of Eastern Europe. Subsequently, the First Route Army and the Third Route Army jointly launched a general attack by Temujin.

Mongolian troops from all walks of life went deep into all parts of the flower thorn submodule, leaving the surrendered cities behind, while the garrisoned ones were slaughtered. Of course, craftsmen are protected and must follow the Mongolian army to attack the city. The siege technology brought by the Mongolian army from the Han Dynasty surprised the flower thorn submodule, and all the cities were almost vulnerable. By 1220, Mongolian troops captured Buhuala, Samarkand, Yulong Jiechi, Khorasan, Afghanistan and other places, and Maha rule collapsed. At that time, Maha fled to an island in the Caspian Sea and died of depression.

After that, Zalandin, the son of Maha, succeeded to the throne. He assembled the remaining 654.38 million troops of Hualamozi to fight against the Mongols and killed 30,000 Mongols. However, after Zalandin's victory, he fell into division and the army collapsed again. Finally, he fled to India. Temujin led the army to the Indus River, but retreated because of the hot weather. 1224, Zalandin returned to Persia in an attempt to make a comeback. 1228, Wokuotai heard that Zalandin was resurgent, so he led the army to the west again. Zalandin was defeated and fled, and was finally killed in 123 1, and the Khanate of Khorezmo finally perished.

After Mongolia's first voyage to the West, a large number of officials were appointed in Central Asia, and Mongolia's rule over Central Asia began. The Western Expedition won a great victory, and the Mongols plundered a lot of wealth, which further accelerated the prosperity of Mongolian grasslands. However, the Western Expedition accelerated the division of Mongolia. Before the Western Expedition, Shu Chi was not established as the heir because of his suspicious pedigree, which made Shu Chi feel painful.

In the process of the Western Expedition, Shu Chi continued to replenish its troops in Central Asia, and its wings grew, and it began to have the ambition to stand on its own feet. 1223, Temujin returned to the east and ordered Shu Chi to attend the meeting, but Shu Chi refused. 1224, Temujin ceded the Qincha grassland to Shu Chi, and then Badou, son of Shu Chi, established the Qincha khanate here, becoming the first independent political party in the khanate. Later, in the battle for imperial power, Shu Chi always supported the Torre system and opposed the Chagatai system and the Wokuotai system.

For Central Asia, this war is undoubtedly a huge disaster. Many famous cities were destroyed and a large number of people were slaughtered. Central Asia used to be prosperous, but now it is desolate. Mongolia's westward expedition to Central Asia kept Central Asia from recovering for hundreds of years. Later, Wokuotai khanate and Chagatai khanate with Central Asia as the core also fell apart because of their poor strength. The decline of Central Asia made it easy for Russia to conquer this place.

The first western expedition also broadened the horizons of the Mongols. Chasing Zhe Bie and Subei at the end of Maha, crossing the Caucasus Mountains and entering the Eastern European Plain. Here, they defeated the ministries of Chincha and defeated 8000 allies. Later, Mongolia launched the second Western Expedition, with the purpose of continuing to conquer various parts of Ross, which was the follow-up of the first Western Expedition. In addition, in the process of the western expedition, the Mongols saw the richness of the two river basins, which laid the groundwork for the third western expedition. It can be said that the first Western Expedition made the Mongols taste the sweetness, found out the strength of the western world, and opened a window for Mongolia to conquer Eurasia. In this way, Maha is a sinner in the western world.

Of course, the western expedition also opened up road traffic between the east and the west, making business exchanges unimpeded. Later, Kelpolo entered China from Central Asia. At the same time, a large number of China craftsmen brought advanced inventions, such as gunpowder and trebuchet, which later spread to Europe and promoted the transformation of Europe to modern civilization. At the same time, a large number of Central Asian craftsmen were captured in the East, bringing western production technology to China, which promoted the progress of handicraft industry in China, such as porcelain manufacturing (blue and white porcelain) and distillation technology (liquor industry).

As a result, many Central Asians emigrated to China. They were scattered with the Mongolian army in various parts of China and became Hui people, which is one of the main ethnic minorities in China.