Reward! Urgent! ! Did not finish the geography homework! Please tell me the geographical knowledge of Expo pavilions! ! Better be before the 20th! Please.

Tonga)-the first country to welcome the sun.

The Last Country to Welcome Sunrise: Samoa

Shanghai is located in the Yangtze River Delta, the mouth of the Yangtze River, and the midpoint of the north and south coastlines of China, with convenient land and water transportation.

Economically, Shanghai is the pillar of China's economy, and its economic level ranks first in the country.

Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers and cold and rainy winters.

Brazil

The latitude and longitude coordinates are south latitude15 45', west longitude 47 57', and the time zone is UTC/GMT -3 hours (West Zone 3). Time difference with Beijing is later than China Beijing time 1 1 hour.

Brazil's terrain is mainly divided into two parts, one is the Brazilian Plateau above 500 meters above sea level, distributed in southern Brazil, and the other is the plain below 200 meters above sea level, mainly distributed in the Amazon basin in the north and the southeast coast. The whole territory is divided into Amazon Plain, Paraguay Basin, Brazil Plateau and Guyana Plateau, of which Amazon Plain accounts for about 1/3 of the national area. There are three river systems: Amazon River, parana river River and San Francisco River. The total length of the Amazon River is 67,565,438+0 km, which traverses the northwest of Brazil and covers an area of 3.9 million square kilometers in the Brazilian basin. The parana river system includes the parana river and Paraguay rivers, which flow through the southwest, with many rapids and waterfalls, and are rich in hydraulic resources; The San Francisco water system, with a total length of 2,900 kilometers, flows through the arid northeast and is the main irrigation water source in this area. The coastline is more than 7,400 kilometers long, and the width of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles, leading to the overseas exclusive economic zone 188 nautical miles.

Among them, Amazon Plain is the largest plain in the world, Amazon River is the largest river in the world, and Brazil Plateau is the largest plateau in the world. Sao Paulo is the largest city in the southern hemisphere.

Most areas have a tropical climate, while some areas in the south have a subtropical climate. The average annual temperature in the Amazon plain is 25 ~ 27 degrees, and the average annual temperature in the southern region is 16 ~ 19 degrees.

Argentina

Located in the south of South America, with an area of 2,780,400 square kilometers and a coastline of more than 4,000 kilometers, it is the second largest country in Latin America (except the United States and Canada), second only to Brazil. Located in the southeast of South America, it faces the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica across the sea in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast. The terrain gradually flattens from west to east. The west is a mountainous area dominated by the undulating and majestic Andes, which runs through the south.

Argentina

More than 3,000 kilometers to the north, accounting for about 30% of the country's area; Pampas grassland in the east and middle is a famous farming and pastoral area. The northern part is mainly the Granchako Plain, where there are swamps and forests. In the south is Patagonia Plateau. The main mountain ranges are Ohosde salado, Mexicana and Aconcagua, with an altitude of 6,964 meters, which is the highest among all the peaks in South America. With a total length of 4,700 kilometers, parana river is the second largest river in South America. The main lakes are Lake Chiquita, Lake Argentina and Lake Bedma.

The northern part has subtropical humid climate, the central part has subtropical and tropical desert climate, and the southern part has temperate maritime climate. The average annual temperature in most areas is between 16-23℃. There is abundant precipitation in the northeast, about 1 1,000 mm, and 250 mm in the northwest and south. There is more rain in summer. The parana river-La Plata River, with a total length of 5,580 kilometers, is the second largest water system in South America. Its main tributaries are international rivers such as Paraguay River and Uruguay River, and there are many glacial lakes in the south of the Andes. The famous Umawaka Canyon was once the gateway of ancient Inca culture to Argentina, and it was called "Inca Road". Argentina is rich in mineral resources, mainly including oil, natural gas, coal, iron and silver. Water resources are abundant. The forest area accounts for 22% of the national area. Coastal fishery resources are abundant, and it is a world-famous exporter of agricultural and livestock products.

Argentina ranks eighth in the world.

pepper

geographical environment

Chile is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt, with many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. In the early morning of May 2 1 65438, a rare 9.5-magnitude earthquake struck the seabed near puerto montt, Chile, which triggered a strong tsunami and spread to Japan on the other side of the Pacific Ocean. 20 10 on February 27th, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 occurred in Concepcion, the second largest city in Chile. Ojos-Germany, located on the border between Chile and Argentina.

Tarad Salt Lake

El salado Peak is 6885 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in China. There are more than 30 rivers in China, of which the Biobio River is the most important. The main islands are Tierra del Fuego, Quirrell Island and Wellington Island. According to Cobain's climate classification, Chile has at least seven main climate subtypes, including desert in the north to alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and southeast, humid subtropical climate on Easter Island, maritime climate in southern Chile and Mediterranean climate in central Chile. Located at the southernmost tip of the American continent, facing Antarctica across the sea, Chileans often call their country "the ends of the earth".

Chile covers an area of 756,626 square kilometers (including 756,253 square kilometers of land and 373 square kilometers of islands). Located in the southwest of South America, at the western foot of the Andes.

It borders Argentina in the east, Peru and Bolivia in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the west and Antarctica across the sea in the south. The coastline is about/kloc-0.000 km long, 4,352 km long from north to south, 96.8 km narrowest from east to west and 362.3 km widest, making it the narrowest country in the world. East is the west slope of the Andes, accounting for about1/3 of the whole east-west width; There are coastal mountains with an altitude of 300-2000 meters in the west, most of which extend along the coast and enter the sea to the south, forming many coastal islands; The middle part is a sunken valley full of alluvium, with an altitude of about 1200m. There are many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes in the territory. Ojos del salado, located on the border between Chile and Argentina, is 6885 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in China. There are more than 30 rivers in China, of which the Biobio River is the most important. The main islands are Tierra del Fuego, Quirrell Island and Wellington Island. The climate can be divided into three distinct sections: the northern section is mainly desert climate; Central subtropical Mediterranean climate, rainy in winter and dry in summer; The south has a rainy temperate broad-leaved forest climate. Located at the southernmost tip of the American continent, facing Antarctica across the sea, Chileans often call their country "the ends of the earth". Generally speaking, Chile can be divided into three regions:

The north is mountainous, and many peaks are above 6000 meters. Between the two ridges of the Andes is the Atacama Desert. This is the driest place on earth.

pepper

Some places often have no rain all year round. Nitric acid mine was developed here before, but now it is mainly copper mine. The larger cities in this area are Antofagasta (265,438+09,000 residents) and Iquique.

The climate in central China is similar to that in the Mediterranean. The land in this area is very fertile and has a large population. The capital Santiago (about 5 million residents) is here. In addition, Valparaiso (port, 280,000 residents) and Concepcion (industrial and agricultural center, 350,000 residents) are important cities. The southern part of Tarad Salt Lake near the Atacama Desert in Chile is vast and sparsely populated, with abundant rainfall. There are many islands in front of the coast. There is Tierra del Fuego in the southern part of the mainland, with Chile and Argentina accounting for half of it. Cape Horn, an island in front of Tierra del Fuego, is the southernmost tip of Chile and South America.

From west to east, there are narrow coasts, mountains and relatively wide plateaus. The central part of this plateau is very fertile and can be used as cultivated land and pasture. The border between Chile, Bolivia and Argentina is the eastern ridge of the Andes.

In addition, Juan Fernandez Islands and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean also belong to Chile.

The average annual rainfall in Antofagasta in northern Chile is12.7mm, that in Santiago is 375mm, and that in Tierra del Fuego in the south is 5800mm.

Climate environment

Because the territory spans 38 latitudes and the geographical conditions in different regions are different, Chile's climate is complex and diverse, including many forms, and it is difficult to summarize Chile's climate in one sentence.

pepper

According to Cobain's climate classification, Chile has at least seven main climate subtypes, including desert in the north to alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and southeast, humid subtropical climate on Easter Island, maritime climate in southern Chile and Mediterranean climate in central Chile. There are four seasons in most parts of China: summer (65438+February to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August) and spring (September to165438+1October).

Oceania Australia

Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, ranking sixth in the world, only next to Russian, Canadian, China, USA and Brazil, and equivalent to four fifths of China. It borders the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean in the west, with a coastline of 37,000 kilometers. It is the only country in the world that monopolizes a continent.

The topography of Australia is very distinctive. There are rugged rock areas, vast deserts and lush Pingdingshan mountains in the west and middle, continuous plateaus in the east, and a narrow beach gentle slope near the sea, which gradually turns into a plain to the west. Coastal areas are vast everywhere.

Great Barrier Reef

With sandy beaches and lush vegetation, the terrain here is varied: there are blue mountain cliffs in the west of Sydney, the tall, beautiful and eroded volcanic neck in the Glasgow Mountains in the north of Brisbane, and the flat Yuan Ye on the south coast of Adelaide.

Murray river and Darling River are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two water systems constitute the Murray-Darling Basin, with an area of about 1 10,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to 14% of the total area of the mainland. Lake Aier is a huge salt lake near the center of the mainland, covering an area of more than 9,000 square kilometers, but it has already dried up.

Most of Australia's land, about 70% belongs to arid or semi-arid zone, and most of the central part is not suitable for living. Australia has 1 1 great desert, which accounts for about 20% of the whole continental area. Because of the little rainfall, more than one third of the continent is actually covered by desert. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. The central depression and the western plateau are arid deserts, and the land available for animal husbandry and agriculture is only 260,000 square kilometers. Coastal areas, especially the southeast coastal areas, are suitable for living and farming. Here the mountains are rolling, the water is abundant and the land is fertile. Except the south coast, the whole coast forms a "green belt" around the mainland, and it is this "green belt" that feeds this country. However, Australia's barren and arid inland areas are rich in mineral resources. Australia's iron ore reserves rank second in the world, and various minerals have brought a lot of wealth to Australia.

The average annual rainfall in Australia is 465 mm, which varies greatly and is unevenly distributed. The driest area is the Aier Lake Basin, and the annual average rainfall is less than 125mm. The wettest places are the northeast tropical region and the southwest of Tasmania. Australia has abundant water resources and fertile land along the coast, and most people live along the coast. The climate in Australia varies greatly. The northern part of the mainland has a humid tropical climate, the central and eastern regions and the western coast have a warm but not too hot climate, while the southern coast of the mainland and Tasmania are cooler. Generally speaking, all parts of Australia are warm in summer and not too cold in winter. In Australia, the highest temperature was recorded in the inland area of northeast China, reaching 53℃ in 1889. The coldest place is Charlotte Pass. 1994, the lowest temperature recorded in the snow field near Arcos Mountain in Cauchy was minus 23℃.

Australia's climate is milder than that in Europe and America, especially in the north, and similar to that in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. In Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia, the average temperature in January (midsummer) is 29℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. The average temperature in July (in the middle of winter) is about 22℃ and 10℃ respectively. The average temperature in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia 1 month is about 26℃ during the day, 16℃ at night and 15- 17℃ in July respectively.

Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with an elevation of12m.

Murray river, the largest river in Australia, has a total length of 2589km and a drainage area of 300,000 square kilometers, with an annual average flow of 1.90 m3/s and a runoff of 5.95 billion m3.

Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and consists of islands and overseas territories such as Australia and Tasmania. It borders the Coral Sea and tasman sea in the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south, with a coastline of about 36,700 kilometers. It covers an area of 7.692 million square kilometers, accounting for the vast majority of Oceania. Although surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 35% of the country's area. The whole country is divided into three areas: the eastern mountainous area, the central plain and the western plateau. The highest mountain in China, Kosciusko, is 2230 meters high, and the longest river, Melbourne River, is 3490 miles long. On the east coast, there is the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef in the world. The north is tropical, and most of it belongs to temperate zone. The annual average temperature in the north is 27℃, and that in the south is 65438 04℃. The inland areas are dry and lack of rain, with annual precipitation less than 200mm, and the eastern mountainous areas are 500- 1200mm.

North America America

The United States is located in the middle of North America, and its territory also includes Alaska in the northwest of North America and Hawaii in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. China has a land area of 962,9091km2 (National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China (PRC) and National General Accounting Office of the United States), second only to Russian and Canadian. It borders Canada in the north, the Gulf of Mexico in the south, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The coastline is 22,680 kilometers. Most areas belong to temperate continental climate, the south belongs to subtropical climate, and the eastern coastal areas belong to temperate maritime climate and Mediterranean climate. The temperature difference between the central and northern plains (Central Plains) is great. The average temperature in Chicago is MINUS 3 degrees in June and 24 degrees in July. 65438+ 10, the average temperature along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico is 1 1℃, and it is 28℃ in July. The lowest point in China is Death Valley (-86m) and the highest point is Mount McKinley (6 198m).

climate

The United States has almost all the climate types in the world (the land spans cold, warm and hot areas, and the mainland is in temperate zone). There are few serious droughts and floods in major agricultural areas, and the temperature is mild, so enough rainfall can be obtained.

The climate in the United States is mainly influenced by the Arctic airflow, which brings a wide range of low pressure from the Pacific Ocean every year. When these low pressures pass through the Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains, they carry a lot of water. When these pressures reach the Central Plains, they can recombine, leading to the meeting of major air masses and severe thunderstorms, especially in spring and summer. Sometimes, these rainstorms may join other low pressure, continue to spread to the east coast and the Atlantic Ocean, and evolve into a more intense northeast storm (Nor'easter), resulting in large-scale heavy snowfall in the northeastern United States and the mid-Atlantic region of New England. The vast grasslands of the Great Plains have also formed many of the most extreme climate change phenomena in the world.

The washbasin area and the principle of Columbia River height are arid areas with little rainfall, and the average rainfall in the driest time is less than 15 inch (38 cm). The southwestern United States is an arid desert. In the hottest weeks of summer, the temperature exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). The southwest and washbasin areas will also be affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California, occasionally bringing rare rainstorms. Most of California has a Mediterranean climate, which sometimes causes heavy rain from June 10 to April of the following year, while it hardly rains in other months. It rains all the year round in the northwest near the Pacific Ocean, but it rains the most in winter and spring. The western mountainous area absorbs enough water, and the rainfall and snowfall are quite heavy. Cascade Mountain is one of the places with the largest snowfall in the world, but there is not much snowfall in the coastal areas with low altitude.

Africa south Africa

Geological landform

It is located at the southernmost tip of the African continent and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland in the north. Surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, south and west, it is a shipping hub between the two oceans, and its geographical position is very important. The Cape of Good Hope route at its southwest end has always been one of the busiest sea passages in the world, and it is known as the "western sea lifeline". Area 122 1038 square kilometers, and the coastline is 2500 kilometers long. Most of the territory is a plateau above 600 meters above sea level. The Draken Mountains extend to the southeast, and the Cascade Jin Feng is as high as 3,660 meters, which is the highest point in China. The northwest is a desert, which is a part of the Kalahari Basin. The northern, central and southwestern parts are plateaus; The coast is a narrow plain. Orange River and limpopo river River are two main rivers.

climate

Most areas have a tropical grassland climate, the eastern coast has a tropical humid climate and the southern coast has a Mediterranean climate. The whole climate is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. 65438+February ~ 65438+1October is summer, and the highest temperature can reach 32 ~ 38℃; June-August is winter, and the lowest temperature is-10~- 12℃. The annual precipitation gradually decreased from 1000mm in the east to 60mm in the west, with an average of 450 mm. The annual average temperature in the capital Pretoria is 17℃.

Europe Germany

geographical position

Germany is located in central Europe, bordering Poland and Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, Denmark and Nordic countries across the sea in the north, and close to the North Sea and Baltic Sea. It is the country with the largest number of neighboring countries in Central Europe.

Dortmund-sur-Rhine ...

The total length of the boundary line is 3,758 kilometers, with a distance of 876 kilometers, from Oberst Doff, the southernmost part of Bavaria, to Liszt, the northernmost part of Zit Island. It is 640 kilometers from the eastern end of Worcester, Saxony to the western end of North Rhine-westfalen, Selconte. China has a total area of 357,020 square kilometers (65,438+February 2003). The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, which can be divided into four terrain areas: north german plain, with an average elevation of less than 100 meters; The mountainous area between China and Germany is composed of high blocks that strike east and west. The Rhine fault valley in the southwest is surrounded by steep valley-walled mountains; Bavarian Plateau and the southern Alps, in which zugspitze, the main peak of Bourne Alps, is 2963 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. The main rivers are the Rhine (which flows through the territory for 865 kilometers), Elbe River, Weser River, Oder River and Danube River. The larger lakes are Boden Lake, Kim Lake, Amor Lake and Leeds Lake. The maritime climate in the northwest is obvious, and the eastern and southern parts gradually transition to continental climate. The average temperature in July is 14 ~ 19℃, 1-5 ~ 1℃,12 ~ March is winter, and the Alps last until May, with an average of 20 degrees in summer. The annual precipitation is 500 ~ 1000 mm, which is more in mountainous areas. From 1995 to 1 in October, according to 1982 international agreement on the law of the sea, Germany's territorial waters in the North Sea and the East China Sea increased from 3 nautical miles to 12 nautical miles (about 22 kilometers), and their areas increased by 4102 respectively.