Did the Japanese immigrate from China?

Japanese, generally speaking, refers to people with Japanese nationality or ethnic origin. The Ainu people also live in Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese is widely used in Japan, and pseudonyms and Chinese characters are commonly used in Japan. Japanese people were deeply influenced by the culture of Han and Tang Dynasties in ancient Sui and Tang Dynasties, and they all had strong China elements in court system, etiquette, clothing and tea ceremony. Japan itself is proud of "Little China".

National Origin There is no conclusion about the national origin of the Japanese. There are some records in China's ancient books, especially Shan Hai Jing. Shan Hai Jing is one of the most important geographical documents in human history. It records the distribution of mountains, rivers, landforms, products and nationalities in China and its surrounding areas, as well as the corresponding historical stories, covering the Zhou Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Xia Dynasty and Pre-Xia Period (10,000 years ago). Among them, the Zhou Dynasty document "Beijing in the Sea" records: "Gaiguo is in the south of Juyan and north of Japan. It is a swallow. " Other chapters in The Classic of Mountains and Seas tell the story of China people migrating to islands in the East China Sea many times.

With regard to the national origin of Japanese islanders in the Yan Emperor's era, the academic circles generally believe that Japanese islanders began in the Neolithic Age. The earliest Japanese islanders were Tungusic people who moved from the northern mainland, and later Malays crossed the sea from the south. Since the second half of 5000 BC, China and Koreans have been migrating to Japan. From the Neolithic Age to the 2nd century BC, Japan was called the Age of Rope Culture in archaeology. Stone tools and bone tools are used for hunting and fishing, and female earth dolls are unearthed in vertical caves (General History of the World, edited by People's Publishing House and Zhou Yiliang, 1962).

I want to point out that the migration of Chinese people from the Asian continent to the main island of Japan in history is not limited to one time, nor is it limited to the second half of BC 1000 century. In fact, the question of where the Japanese came from is well documented in China's ancient books, especially Shan Hai Jing. Shan Hai Jing is one of the most important geographical documents in human history. It records the distribution of mountains, rivers, landforms, products and nationalities in China and its surrounding areas, as well as the corresponding historical stories, covering the Zhou Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Xia Dynasty and Pre-Xia Period (10,000 years ago). Among them, the Zhou Dynasty document "Beijing in the Sea" clearly records: "Gaiguo is in the south of Juyan and the north of Japan. It is a swallow. " Other chapters in The Classic of Mountains and Seas record the story of China people migrating to the East China Sea Islands many times. According to the ancient information that can be seen and interpreted above, China residents have at least the following main activities to migrate to Japanese island. First, the migration activities in the Yu era: an investigation of the islands in the East China Sea.

I pointed out in the monographs such as Notes on the Geographical Restoration of Shan Hai Jing (to be published) and Reading the Full Color Album of Shan Hai Jing with Classic Pictures (Sun, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 2003) that Shan Hai Jing Wu Zang Shan Jing was a white paper on the investigation of land and resources in Yu Dynasty (2200 BC), among which Dongshan Jing was the third investigation route. Interested readers can refer to the 42-square-meter giant painting "The Legend of Yushan Mountain" (abbreviated on the title page of Classic Illustration of Mountains and Seas).

Obviously, the great geographical discovery feat in Yu era (the earliest and largest geographical investigation activity in human history) cannot rule out the possibility of accompanying China residents to migrate to the East China Sea islands (including the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago).

When I wrote Searching for Ancient Information (China International Broadcasting Press, 1998) in the era of the Yellow Emperor, I pointed out that ancient myths and legends were one of the best information carriers that human beings could find before they invented and widely used characters. Among them, ancient legends are records of natural and social events of that era, while ancient myths are people's understanding and interpretation of the information recorded in ancient legends at that time and their descendants. Therefore, it is necessary and effective to interpret and restore ancient myths and legends by using the principles of information dissemination, semiotics and cryptography. Therefore, I specially studied semiotics, and wrote and published such monographs as Mysterious Symbols in Life (China Overseas Chinese Publishing Company 1992, China International Broadcasting Press 1996) and Mysterious Numbers in Life (China Foreign Translation Publishing Company 1993).

For example, the ancient myths and legends (including the folk stories that evolved from them) such as the goddess mending the sky, Houyi shooting at the sun, Kuafu becoming daytime, * * * workers knocking down the mountain of Buzhoushan, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Zhuan Xu Jedi Tiantong, are all interpreted by me as ancient "collision between heaven and earth" events. Interested readers can refer to Classic Pictures of Mountains and Seas, Pursuing Ancient Information, Mysterious Star Culture and Games (author, PLA Literature and Art Publishing House, 199 1 year) and New Pictures of Mountains and Seas (Sun, Kunlun Publishing House, 1996).

Regarding the origin of Japan's self-proclaimed Yamato nation, Cihai noted that Yamato is another name of Japan, one of the five countries in this province, and it is safe, and its capital is now Nara Prefecture, so it was named after it.

The word "harmony" has many meanings: The Practical Chinese Dictionary (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House) is interpreted as: tenderness, harmony, making peace, bells on ancient cars, gates of ancient armies, wooden boards at both ends of coffins, addition of two numbers, belt, sui, tong, connection, referring to Japan (harmony, kimono), surname and singing along, which is poetic. Cihai (Zhonghua Book Company) is interpreted as: Correspondence, Pingyi, Tone, Interpretation, Combination of Stiffness and Flexibility, Harmony, Warmth, Harmony, Xiaosheng, Military Gate, Bell Name, Coffin Name, Harmony, Japanese posthumous title, Surname, Phonetic Correspondence and Harmony. To sum up, the original meaning of "harmony" is correspondence, which means that sounds echo each other.

He, He Zhong and Uncle He are all celebrities with the word "He" as their surnames. They were officials in charge of astronomical calendars in ancient times. He's word "Xi" is the same as the upper part of the word "Jiang", which may be of the same clan and homology (Fuxi, also known as Fuxi, may also be related to astronomical observation). Yao Dian recorded the general manager of astronomy. He has four civil servants who observe the four seasons respectively. They are: (east, morning and spring), uncle Xi (south, noon and summer), clock (west, faint and autumn) and uncle He (north, night and winter). Accordingly, the meaning of the morning begins with the meaning of the morning, and the meaning of the faint is casual (corresponding to four points). Xi He goes to Qiu Lai in spring at sunrise and sunset.

The early myths about the confirmed human history in Japanese history can be traced back to about 365,438+million years ago. About 12000 years ago, because of the end of the last ice age, it began to heat up sharply, which greatly changed people's culture and life, and the whole island entered the next rope age. About1.20 thousand years ago, it began to be called the rope age. It can be divided into six periods: early stage, early stage, middle stage, late stage and late stage. At this time, people made rope pottery and settled in the early days. Most of them live in semi-basement houses (vertical caves). Use bow and arrow hunting, shellfish burial fishing, plant collection and other commercial life, use stone tools, grinding stone tools, bone horns and so on. It is also cultivated, and rice is planted in the later period to the next year.

In Japanese mythology, Emperor Jimmu, a descendant of Zhao Tian, the sun god, founded Japan in 660 BC and ascended the throne.

Yayoi era

With the migration of immigrants, pottery, iron, bronze and paddy fields appeared in Japan in the early Yayoi period, which made Japan gradually become an agricultural society. In the middle of Yayoi, the slave king of Kyushu paid tribute to the Han Dynasty and was given a golden seal.

In the second half of the 2nd century, civil wars were frequent in small countries. It was not until the middle of the 3rd century that a huge "Yamato State" emerged. After a long period of expansion, it gradually conquered most parts of central Japan. Its leader was originally called "Wang" and later renamed as the emperor.

The era of great tombs

The distribution of ancient tombs is basically all over the southern part of Honshu Island, mainly in the Yamato Basin in Nara and Osaka, but not in Hokkaido. The tombs in this period are huge caves and mounds with trenches around them, and the tomb system in the form of "front and back circles" is the most representative. The tomb is surrounded by hollow clay sculptures. These tubular earth dolls may be used for mourning. They are called "shovel wheels". It costs a lot of money to build these tombs, and only a few ruling classes can afford it. By 20 13, a total of 7 1 tombs were found, with keyhole-shaped tombs being the most common. The Dashan Tomb in Osaka, also known as "Emperor Rende's Mausoleum", is known as the largest ancient tomb in the world.

There were many bronze mirrors, jewels and other objects in ancient tombs. In the later period, there were weapons and armor in the ancient tombs. Ancient tombs can be divided into early, middle and late periods. Since the 8th century, cremation has become popular, and ancient tombs have gradually declined, opening the era of Buddhist architecture. Japan's earliest history book, Ancient Japanese Stories and Records, was also compiled at this time, thus entering the historical era of Japan.

Asuka period

Asuka period was named after torii in Nara Prefecture (now Asuka Village, then the capital of Fujiwara). Buddhism spread through Baekje during this period. In 587, Sue defeated the Ministry of Sports and gained control of the imperial court.

In 592 A.D., a royal woman who was related by marriage to the Su family ascended the throne and became Emperor Tugu. She nominated Shoto Kutaishi (Prince of Stairs Gate) as Regent and carried out political reforms centered on strengthening imperial power. Shoto Kutaishi has formulated the twelfth-order crown and seventeen constitutions; At the same time, envoys and international students were sent to study in the Sui Dynasty. Su I entered Luyi and killed his son, the prince of northern Shaanxi. In 645, the eldest brother Prince (Emperor Tianzhi) and Nakatomino Kamatari (Fujiwara Sickle Foot) conspired to assassinate Su I and entered Luyi, ending Su I's dictatorship. In the same year, Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, issued a new imperial edict to reform Dahua, and promoted Dahua's innovation.

In 672, Emperor Tianzhi died, and his son, the Prince of Judah, succeeded him as Emperor Hong Wen. Prince Hailmann, the younger brother of Emperor Tianzhidi, competed with him for a position, and war broke out. This is the famous Renshen rebellion in history. In 7 10, the Yuan and Ming emperors moved their capital to Pingchengjing, and the Asuka period ended.

Nara era

Nara era is an era with Nara (Heichengjing) as its capital. From 7 10 (the third year of copper), Pingcheng well was its capital, and it was moved to Changgangjing in 784 (the third year of extension) for 74 years. It is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in the political and economic system, class relations, culture and foreign relations. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system.

peacetime

The Heian period is a historical era with Heian Jing (Kyoto) as its capital. It began in 794 (13th year of Yan Li) when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Heian Jing, and finally the Kamakura shogunate was established in 1 185 (the first year of Wenzhi), which lasted for 400 years. The manor system allows people who cultivate farmland to own farmland permanently. They form interest groups and annex the manor by force, which gradually becomes the source of military power in various places.

The shogunate is in power

Kamakura era

After the Yuan Dynasty pacified Ping's family, it established a regime era with Kamakura as the national political center. It started in 1 185 (the first year of Wen Zhi) and ended in 1333 (the second year of Zhengqing and the third year of Justin), lasting 149 years. There were other theories: 1 180, 1 183, 1 192 (Yuan Laichao was appointed as a foreign general).

Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice during the reign of North Island. In the later period, tokugawa era gradually declined and could not be maintained. Finally, Daigo and his troops were defeated by the general and Ueno clan.

Southern and Northern Dynasties

After the elimination of the Kamakura shogunate, Weiqi Daigo carried out the first royal restoration and implemented the New Deal, which was known as the Jianwu New Deal in history. Ashikaga and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Guangming appointed him as the general to conquer foreign countries in the Northern Dynasties. After Daigo abdicated Weiqi, he retreated to Yoshino (now Nara Prefecture) of Yamato with three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor, which was used by the Southern Dynasties and finally formed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Muromachi era

Zumu was originally a Ueno tycoon and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate general Yuanlaichao. Master Zumu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto. The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it. In order to deal with the Southern Dynasties, Ashikaga had to set up a shogunate in Kyoto and a mansion in Kamakura, which led to chaos in Kanto. When Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance, and the authority of the shogunate went from bad to worse. The name of Wei, which was originally sealed by the shogunate in various places, was gradually usurped by Wei Dai (adjutant), retainer and Chinese people, and some of them were able to maintain political power until the Warring States Period. From Ren Ying's rebellion to the demise of Ashikaga shogunate, it is called the Warring States Period.

Antutaoshan era

In the first year of Tianzheng (1573), Oda Shintai exiled the last general, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, and the shogunate was declared dead. Later, he gradually became the most powerful military leader in China and began to actively expand his ruling territory. Until the tenth year of Tianzheng (1582), Takeda, a famous Jiafei, was wiped out, Feng Jingen and the East China Sea were almost completely controlled, and his sphere of influence expanded to China, Jiaxinyue, Shikoku and Hokuriku. At this time, the actual political center of the country also moved to Oda clan in Antu city. In the same year, Akechi Mitsuhide launched the change of Beneng Temple, and Oda Noshin died (or disappeared). His eldest son, Oda Governor Oda Nobutada committed suicide after losing to Akechi Mitsuhide, and the whole Oda clan immediately fell into chaos.

1584, a battle broke out between Yukio Hatoyama and Tokugawa Ieyasu, a local famous soldier in the East China Sea. After some confrontation, the two sides reconciled and formed an alliance. In the same year, Dabancheng was completed, and Yukio Hatoyama took this as a base area and began to plan for the reunification of the country. After four large-scale Crusades, 1590 was given the surname of Toyotomi Hideyoshi by the Emperor, completing the unification of the whole country. 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again.

Edo era

The period from 1603 (the eighth year of Keio) to 1867 (the third year of Keio) is called the edo period, and the edo shogunate was established in Edo. As soon as politics is stable, the economy will develop. In the era of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the economy was prosperous, and Luyuan culture prevailed among businessmen and citizens. ? In the middle of Edo, the shogunate's finance was in trouble, and Tokugawa Jizong implemented the security reform to temporarily restore the finance, but it deteriorated again.

At the end of the year, the shogunate was forced to establish the country by European and American countries, and the unequal treaties such as the Japan-US Kanagawa Treaty were signed through matthew perry's voyage to the West, which led to the split of the locked country. With the prosperity of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the thought of respecting the king and resisting foreign countries, the assassination of the shogunate and the baby-racing war made the authority of the shogunate plummet. In the end, Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned the political power and territory to the imperial court one after another, which is called "the return of major policies" in history.

Meiji reform

Meiji period (1868- 19 12) is called Meiji period.

After the ancient imperial edict and Chen Wu War, the imperial government of Meiji Japan was established by supporting imperial governors. The old vassals had a hard life under the New Deal, which turned into a southwest war, and then gradually restored order.

The new government actively introduced European and American systems, abolished vassals and set up counties. These reforms were called the Meiji Restoration. On the one hand, the new government established the state system, such as the establishment of the Imperial Parliament and the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire; On the one hand, it has rapidly developed into a modern country under the impetus of the national policy of cultivating industry and strengthening military strength (making Qiang Bing a rich country). In addition, 1879 got its hands on Ryukyu, a tributary country of the Qing Dynasty, and changed it to Okinawa Prefecture. Japan also won the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, occupied Taiwan Province Province and its affiliated islands (including Diaoyu Island) through unequal treaties such as the treaty of shimonoseki, and seized the southeast. 19 10 annexed South Korea.

Culturally, Japan introduced new knowledge and art from Europe and America; With the individualistic novels that never appeared in Japan, literature began to appear, and a culture different from that before the Edo era began to appear. Religiously, it has changed the phenomenon of the confluence of gods and Buddhists (separation of gods and Buddhists) in the past, and there has been a movement to suppress Buddhism (abolishing Buddhism and destroying Buddhism) and so on.

Dazheng times

Taisho period (19 12- 1926) is called Taisho period. Emperor Meiji died in 19 12, and Zi Jiaren succeeded to the throne, which was the Taisho era. In the first year of Taisho, the first constitutional protection movement (namely Taisho Democratic Movement, Japanese: Taisho デモクラシー) was triggered by the collapse of the army, and party politics began to appear.

In the early period of Taisho era, there was World War I, which was the peak of Japan's national strength since Meiji Restoration. However, in 192 1 year, Emperor Taishō was regent by Prince Hirohito due to illness, and the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923. After World War I, Japan was losing ground in international peace conferences, and Japan's life became more and more difficult.

Powerful people and political parties constantly struggled, and the second constitutional movement took place and universal suffrage was implemented (1925). Saionji Kinmochi, the only veteran, recommended the Prime Minister and advocated "the normal way of constitutionalism".

Showa times

192665438+On February 25th, Emperor Taishi died and Crown Prince Hirohito succeeded to the throne, which was the Showa era. During the First World War, Japan's economy developed rapidly. The domestic political situation overthrew the imperial army for the controlled soldiers, thus mastering the military and political power. Since then, due to the idea of controlling soldiers to change the country's political system from the outside to the inside, Japan has launched a large-scale aggression against East Asian countries, including China. Japan became the main aggressor in the Far East and the Pacific in World War II.

1On August 5th, 945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered unconditionally to the allied forces.

Political parties mushroomed after the war. The collapse of the Coalition government. Ji Tianmao re-entered the prime minister and formed a cabinet four times in a row, which is unique in Japanese history. After the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, Japan resumed its national sovereignty.

Heisei era

Hirohito died in Showa 64 (1989) 1.7, and Zi Mingren succeeded to the throne. He died the next day (1.8) and changed to Heisei, which is called Heisei era (1.989 till now).

On September 6, 2009, Yukio Hatoyama, the representative (leader) of the Democratic Party, was elected as the 93rd Japanese Prime Minister in the nomination election of the Prime Minister of the Special Diet, and formed a cabinet on the same day. The establishment of the new cabinet marks the official entry of Japanese politics into the ruling era of the Democratic Party, and Japan has achieved a real "regime change" since the war for the first time.

20 16, 10/on October 28th, Japan was elected as a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council for a term of 20 17 to 20 19 years.