Do I have to apply for a passport at the China Exit-Entry Administration before applying for political asylum at the Canadian Immigration Bureau?

First of all, you have to show your proof that you are a legal citizen of China and your proof that you have legally entered Canada, just your ordinary passport and visa, and then write an application for political asylum to the Canadian Immigration Bureau according to your own reasons, which should be very detailed! But remember, if you are an ordinary citizen or a civil servant, I suggest you don't apply. The former is difficult to apply, and the latter is that if you apply, our government can extradite you back to China!

Political asylum refers to the behavior that a citizen of a country requests permission to enter another country for political reasons, or requests permission to stay in that country after entering that country. Foreigners who enjoy asylum, usually called "political asylum seekers", are not extradited or expelled under the protection of the host country. The management of the residence, migration and flow of political asylum seekers shall, in principle, be treated as ordinary foreign nationals, and may also be treated differently according to specific circumstances and personal status.