What is Jiangxi ...?

Jiangxi Province, referred to as Jiangxi for short, is a province of China, located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, bordering Zhejiang and Fujian in the east, Anhui and Hubei in the north, Hunan in the west and Guangdong in the south. The largest river in China is the Ganjiang River, which runs through the whole territory from south to north and flows into Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. The total area of the province is166,900 square kilometers, and the population at the end of 2008 was 44,006,438+10,000. The provincial capital is Nanchang.

The name comes from Jiangxi province, referred to as Jiangxi. It has been a "state of meaning" since ancient times. In 733 AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up the West Road in the south of the Yangtze River, which means it is located in the west of the Yangtze River. Because the largest river in Jiangxi is Ganjiang, it is called Jiangxi for short. Because of the Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake, Jiangxi is also known as the land of Ganpo. The Yangtze River runs from north to south, Jiangxi is in the right part of Jiangnan, and Jiangdong is in the left part of Jiangnan. Jiangxi is also called "Jiangyou" in historical documents, corresponding to Jiangdong ("Jiangzuo"). In addition, Emperor Gaozu Gaudi set up "Zhangyu County" in Jiangxi, so ancient Zhang Yu refers to Jiangxi (Nanchang). Tang Dynasty changed to Hongzhou, Song Dynasty to Longxing House, Yuan Dynasty to Longxing House, so Hongzhou, Longxing and Longxing all refer to Nanchang. During the Shang, Zhou, Xia, Shang and Shang Dynasties, Jiangxi was mainly a part of the ancient Yangtze River civilization (independent of the ancient Yellow River civilization), with developed agricultural civilization and bronze civilization, which was the earliest birthplace of rice characters in the world (rice cultivation in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province has a history of 12000 years). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Zhou Dynasty, Jiangxi was the head of Wu and the tail of Chu. "The first three rivers are accompanied by five lakes, and the control is quite attractive." After Qin Shihuang unified the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, Jiujiang County was established (the county rule is not in Jiujiang today, but in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and there are 7 counties in Jiangxi today. In the first year of Han Taizu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (about 202 BC), Zhangyu County was established (Ganjiang was originally named Zhangyuhe), and Nanchang was ruled by the county (meaning "prosperous southern Xinjiang" and "prosperous southern China"). Since then, Jiangxi has been regarded as a clear administrative regional system. It governs Nanchang, Luling, Pengze, Poyang, Yugan, Chaisang, Jiangxi, Xingan, Yichun, Ai, Anping, Haishun, Liling, etc. 18 counties, and the distribution areas are Ganjiang, Xujiang, Xinjiang, Xiushui and today's big cities, such as Nanchang and Ganzhou. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty designated the whole country as 13 monitoring area, which was called 13 county. At this time, Jiangxi belongs to Yangzhou department. During the Three Kingdoms period, Jiangxi was under the jurisdiction of Wu. Today, there is still Zhou Yu's desk in northern Jiangxi. In the first year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty, 29 1 year was changed to Jiangzhou, and the main body was the original county of Jiangxi. During the reign of Yang Guang, the ancestor of the Sui Dynasty, Sui Tang Dynasty, the state level before the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Sui Dynasty was reduced to the county level. At this time, there are 7 counties and 24 counties in Jiangxi. In the Tang Dynasty, it increased to 8 states and 37 counties. The 8 states were: Hongzhou Raozhou Qianzhou Jizhou Jiangzhou Yuanzhou Fuzhou Xinzhou.

In the first year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong designated the whole country as 10 monitoring area, and Jiangxi belonged to Jiangnan Road. In 733, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty increased the number of roads to 15, and the west road in the south of the Yangtze River governed flood, Rao, Qian, Ji, Jiang, Yuan, Fu and Xin Bazhou. During the Five Dynasties, Jiangxi was under the jurisdiction of the Southern Tang Dynasty (the capital is now Nanjing and later moved to Nanchang). During this period, there appeared a new administrative district army equivalent to Xiazhou, which was divided into 6 states, 4 armies and 55 counties. In the first year of Jiaotai, Yuan Zong decided to build Nandu in Hongzhou, and promoted Hongzhou to Nanchang Mansion. In the Song, Yuan and Song Dynasties, Jiangxi was divided into 9 states, 4 armies and 68 counties, most of which belonged to Jiangnan West Road and some belonged to Jiangnan East Road. In Yuan Dynasty, Jiangxi and other places set up the system of "Chinese calligraphy". The jurisdiction covers most of today's Jiangxi (a part of northeast Jiangxi belonged to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces) and most of today's Guangdong Province. Yuanxing province consists of Lu, Zhili, Zhou (with county-level administrative agencies) and county. Jiangxi Province governs Longxing, Ji 'an, Nankang, Ganzhou, Jianchang, Jiangzhou, Nan 'an, Ruizhou, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Fuzhou, Raozhou, Xinzhou, etc. 13 Road, Nanfeng, Qianshan and other two Zhili States, 48 counties, 16 county-level states.

Since the middle Tang Dynasty, Jiangxi has made great progress in economy and culture. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Jiangxi was once one of the most prosperous provinces in China. Both agriculture, such as grain and handicrafts, such as porcelain, and education, such as imperial examinations and commerce, rank in the top three in the country, roughly similar to Jiangdong (Jiangsu and Zhejiang), and obviously ahead of nearby Guangdong and Hunan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although the provincial organizational system of the Yuan Dynasty was basically retained, it was changed from Zhongshu Province to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (traditionally called Province) and from the government to the county. Jiangxi Administration Council governs Nanchang, Ruizhou, Raozhou, Nankang, Jiujiang, Guangxin, Fuzhou, Jianchang, Ji 'an, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Ganzhou, Nan 'an 13 states, and governs 78 counties, which is basically equivalent to today's Jiangxi Province. Since Guangdong was established in Hongwu period of Ming Taizu, the border of Jiangxi has not changed much. At that time, the Procurator's Department, the Procurator's Department and the Procurator's Department were the highest administrative organs of the Procurator's Department in Jiangxi Province, and the three departments were directly controlled by the central government and governed by decentralization. In addition, there are three governors (Wang Ning, Wang Huai and wangyi) in Jiangxi: Nanchang, Raozhou (Poyang) and Jianchang (Cheng Nan). In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi was changed to Jiangxi Province, and the administrative region basically inherited the Ming system. Three county-level halls, namely, Ji 'an Lotus Hall, Nanchang Tonggu Hall and Ganzhou Quannan Hall, were added, and Ningdu County was promoted to provincial Zhili Prefecture. The Governor-General has become the chief executive of the province, and has two departments, namely, the department that undertakes propaganda and decision-making bureau and the department that submits judgments and formulates judges, and is responsible for civil affairs, finance and judicial supervision.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Meiguan and Ganjiang were the busiest north-south traffic arteries connecting Guangdong and the Yangtze River valley, which also promoted the prosperity of Jiangxi cities along the route. At the same time, a large number of Jiangxi people moved to Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces with low population density to engage in business or agriculture. The "Jiangyou" business gang formed during this period ranked third among the top ten business gangs in China. * * * and the Republic of China, the Qing government, prefectures and departments were all changed to counties. Jiangxi Province * * * governs 8 1 county. By 1926, the Northern Expeditionary Army entered Nanchang and Nanchang was formally established. Wuyuan County was transferred from Anhui to Jiangxi in 1934, back to Anhui in 1947, and again to Jiangxi in 1949. 1927 The Nanchang Uprising in August triggered a ten-year civil war in China. * * * The producers then established the Jinggangshan revolutionary base in western Jiangxi, the Hunan-Guangdong-Jiangxi revolutionary base, the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi revolutionary base, the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi revolutionary base and the Jiangxi Central Revolutionary base. 193 1 year, the * * * production party announced the establishment of chinese soviet republic in Ruijin, and renamed Ruijin as Ruijin, which was the seat of the central government and the capital, and was called "Red Capital" or "Red Capital". During the operation of the regime, its central government promulgated the constitution, issued currency, designed the national flag, and called the area under its control the Soviet area. Because of the victory of the Kuomintang's fifth communist suppression war, the Chinese Soviet Union and the central government of People's Republic of China (PRC) were forced to withdraw from the Central Soviet Area in Jiangxi on June 1934+00. 1933, the Kuomintang and the National Government launched the New Life Movement in Nanchang, which was later extended to the whole country. Every summer, the National Government goes to Lushan Mountain, the summer capital, and sets up an officer training regiment in Lushan Mountain. 1936, the Guangdong-Han railway through Hunan was opened to traffic, which made Jiangxi lose the important position of north-south transportation. The opening of zhejiang-jiangxi railway 65438 to 0937 has greatly changed the original traffic and urban pattern in Jiangxi. From 65438 to 0996, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway ran through the north and south of Jiangxi, which accelerated the development of southern Jiangxi. In 2005, the Ganlongxia Railway was opened to traffic, which made Ruijin, the "red old capital", end the history of no railway, thus realizing Dr. Sun Yat-sen's wish to build the Ganmin Line in the general plan of founding the country. Subject: Jiangxi Historical Geography Editor This section is adjacent to neighboring provinces: Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong. Jiangxi is surrounded by mountains on three sides, which can be regarded as a basin with a slight opening in the north. To the west are the Shogun Mountain, Jiuling Mountain and Luo Xiao Mountain. To the east are Huaiyu Mountain and Wuyishan Mountain; There are Jiulian Mountain and Dayuling in the south, Poyang Lake and Yangtze River in the north, and the famous Lushan Mountain (the main peak of Hanyang Peak is1474m above sea level). Mountainous hills account for 70% of the province's area, with many ups and downs in the southern half and vast plains in the northern half, which are called Poyang Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Basin or Zhang Yu Plain. The highest peak in Jiangxi is Huanggang Mountain, Wuyi Mountain bordering Fujian, with an altitude of 2 158 meters. The Ganjiang River, an important tributary of the Yangtze River, runs through the whole province almost from south to north. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, which flows into Ganjiang, Fuhe, Xinjiang, Pujiang and Xiushui, and then flows northward into the Yangtze River. Important reservoirs are Xiushui Zhelin Reservoir in the northwest and Wan 'an Reservoir in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River. Climate Jiangxi's climate belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with an average temperature of 3-9℃ in June and 27-3 1℃ in July. The annual precipitation is1200-1900mm.