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[Abstract] This article is the first article of Sun Tzu's Art of War and the full text of the program. Its core is two points: first, "temple calculation", military strategic operation, and basic estimation of future victory or defeat. The first is "Twelve Deceptions", the command principle in actual battlefield situations. The twelve methods of "cheating" can be divided into two categories. One is "revealing" to win by machine cheating; One is "contingency", which means different operating principles in various situations.

Sun Tzu said: War is a national event, which is related to the life and death of soldiers and the life and death of the country and must be carefully studied. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study from the following five aspects, compare the seven situations of the enemy and ourselves, and discuss the outcome of the war. One is Tao, the other is heaven, the third is earth, the fourth is will, and the fifth is law. The so-called "Tao" is to make the people agree with the wishes of the monarch and let the people risk their lives for the monarch in the war. The so-called "sky" refers to the movement of the sun, moon and stars, and the changes of hot and cold weather must be made according to time. The so-called "ground" refers to the distance, steep or flat terrain, wide or narrow combat area, and whether the terrain is conducive to attack and defense. The so-called "general" refers to the general's ingenuity, reward and punishment, love for soldiers, courage and determination, and strict military discipline. The so-called "law" refers to the establishment of military organizations, the division of officers' management and responsibilities, and the supply and management of military materials. The general knows everything about the above five aspects; Only with deep understanding can we win the battle, otherwise we can't win. Therefore, we should investigate and compare the following seven aspects to discuss the victory or defeat of the war, that is to say: which monarch is wiser? General, which side is more talented? Which side has more favorable weather and geographical conditions? Which party's laws can be effectively implemented? Which army is stronger? Where are the foot soldiers trained? Where is the reward and punishment strict? According to the above seven aspects, I can determine who wins and who loses. If you can follow my strategy and command a certain victory, I will stay; If you don't listen to my strategy, the command battle will fail and I will leave. The favorable strategy has been adopted, and we must try to create a "potential" to assist the operation. The so-called "potential" means taking corresponding actions according to whether the situation is favorable or not. Fighting soldiers is an act of treachery. Therefore, if you can attack and pretend that you can't attack, you must pretend that you don't need him, pretend to be near and far, pretend to be near and far, seduce a greedy enemy with small profits, seize the opportunity to capture him for an enemy in a chaotic state, be doubly wary of him for a powerful enemy, avoid him for a while for a powerful enemy, and provoke him with provocative methods for an irritable enemy. Trying to alienate an enemy who is at peace with himself. We should seize the opportunity, take advantage of the enemy's surprise, surprise, surprise. These are the winning secrets of a strategist and cannot be specified in advance. Before the war, the "Temple Plan" was able to defeat the enemy because after careful study, nine times out of ten it was correct and there were many conditions for victory. Before the war, the "temple calculation" could not be superior to the enemy because of poor research. Only four or five out of ten were correct, and there were few conditions for victory. If you study carefully, you can defeat the enemy with many conditions for victory, but you can't defeat the enemy with poor research and few conditions for victory, not to mention that the research is completely wrong! There are no conditions for victory! We can see who wins and who loses by examining the situation of the enemy and ourselves from the five things and seven plans.

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Sun Tzu's Art of War: The Second Battle

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Abstract: Based on the analysis of various objective conditions of war, this paper puts forward the offensive strategic principle of "quick victory, not long".

Sun Tzu said: Whoever mobilizes soldiers to fight will dispatch thousands of chariots, thousands of wagons, 100,000 troops and transport thousands of miles of grain. In this way, the expenses of the front and back, the expenses of diplomatic envoys, the supply of equipment and materials, and the maintenance and supply of weapons and fittings will cost thousands of dollars every day, and then hundreds of thousands of troops can be dispatched. Fighting such a huge army requires a quick decision. Prolonged, will make the army tired and bruised, siege exhausted forces, the army fighting outside for a long time, it is difficult for the state to provide expenses. When the army is exhausted, mentally bruised, exhausted and economically exhausted, the governors will use this crisis to attack. At that time, even if there were very smart people, they could not save the crisis. So I only know Ning Zhuo, who fights for a quick victory, but I have never seen anyone who seeks cleverness and delays for a long time. The army has never been dragged out for a long time to benefit the country. Therefore, if we can't fully understand the advantages of using troops to attack hard and materials, we can't fully understand the advantages of using troops to make quick decisions. Those who are good at fighting cannot be repeatedly levied, and food cannot be transported; Weapons and equipment are taken from home, and food is solved locally in the enemy country, which can fully supply food for the army. If the country is poor because of the use of soldiers, long-distance transportation of grain is an important reason; Long-distance transportation will make people poor. Where prices soar near the army, soaring prices will exhaust people's property; When the property ran out, they were eager to collect taxes. People are exhausted, financial resources are exhausted, and every family in China is empty. Seven tenths of the people's property has been consumed. Public wealth, due to the damage of chariots, the fatigue of war horses, the wear and tear of war tools and weapons, and the damage of trench vehicles, has consumed six tenths. Therefore, the clever general will try to solve the food shortage problem in the enemy country. Getting food at the scene in one minute is equivalent to transporting it from home for 20 minutes; Collecting one stone of forage locally is equivalent to transporting twenty stones from home. To make the foot soldiers bravely kill the enemy, they must arouse their hatred for the enemy; If you want to seize the enemy's wealth, you must reward the foot soldiers with wealth. Therefore, in the battle of chariots, whoever captures more than ten chariots will reward the foot soldiers who won the chariots first, change the flags on the chariots and blend into their own motorcade. The captured foot soldiers should be given preferential treatment and raised. This is called defeating the enemy and making yourself stronger. Therefore, it is most expensive to lead troops to fight quickly, and it should not be protracted. A general who knows how to use troops is the master of people's destiny and national security.

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The Art of War: The Third Attack

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Abstract: This paper runs through a strategic thought principle of "all-round victory". The war is aimed at complete victory. Starting from this goal, we must surrender the enemy politically and defeat our opponents militarily. Defeating the enemy without fighting is the best strategy. For the method of total victory on the battlefield, this paper puts forward six methods of using troops, that is, the comparison of enemy forces and different combat methods under different circumstances.

Sun Tzu said: Generally speaking, it is the best policy to subdue the enemy without waiting to kill or kill small things. It is better to break that country than to kill too many in the war. It is the best policy to annihilate the enemy before killing, and it is better to break it by force; It is the best policy to make the whole enemy brigade bow down before killing, and it is not as good as breaking it; It is the best policy to let the enemy surrender before killing the enemy. It is better to break it than to break it. It is the best policy to wait for the enemy to yield and break it. Therefore, winning every battle and killing too many people is not the good of the good, but the good of the good is to defeat the enemy without fighting. Therefore, the best way to use troops is to destroy the enemy's plot, to disintegrate the enemy's allies, to attack the enemy by force and to attack the city. Siege is the last resort. It takes three months to build a big shield and a four-wheeled vehicle and prepare equipment; It will take another three months to build a dirt mountain for siege. Being invincible for a long time, the general was anxious and angry, and drove his soldiers to climb the ladder and attack the city like ants. One third of the soldiers were killed or injured, but the city still could not be occupied. This is the disaster of besieged city. Therefore, people who are good at leading troops to fight will defeat the enemy without fighting, seize the enemy city without hard attack, destroy the enemy country after a long battle, and win the world with a total victory. In this way, the army will not be tired and depressed, but can win a complete victory. This is the rule of seeking attack. Therefore, the method of using troops, with ten times the absolute advantage of the enemy, must be surrounded on all sides to force the enemy to yield; If you have five times the superior strength of the enemy, you must attack the enemy; If your strength is twice that of the enemy, you must try to disperse the enemy; Equal to the strength of the enemy, we must be good at trying to defeat the enemy; If you have fewer troops than the enemy, you should be good at getting rid of the enemy; If the conditions are inferior to the enemy in all aspects, we should try our best to avoid fighting with the enemy. If a weak army can't escape or evade, if it just sticks to brute force, it will become a captive of a powerful enemy. The general is an assistant to the country. Careful auxiliary planning will make the country strong. If the auxiliary plan is flawed, the country will be weak. There are three situations in which the monarch harms the army: knowing that the army can't further order the army to advance, knowing that the army can't retreat and ordering the army to retreat, this is called binding the army; Without knowing the internal affairs of the army, the sergeant will be puzzled if he interferes with the administrative management of the army. If you interfere with the command of the army without knowing the tactics of using troops, soldiers will be suspicious. The army is confused and suspicious, and the disaster of the vassal state taking advantage of the gap is imminent. This is called disturbing our own troops and leading to the enemy's victory. Therefore, victory can be predicted from the following five situations: knowing when to fight the enemy and when not to fight the enemy will win; Those who know how to adopt different tactics according to the number of troops will win; Qi Xin works together to win in Qixin; Treating those who are not prepared in advance will win; A general who has strong command ability and is not contained by the monarch will win. These five methods are used to predict victory. Therefore, knowing the enemy's actual situation and his own strength is invincible; Know yourself and know yourself, and you may win or lose; If you don't know yourself and yourself, you won't be defeated.

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The Art of War: The Fourth Military Form

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Abstract: "Shape" refers to the objective material strength of the army, the number of troops, the strength of combat effectiveness, quality and so on. Based on the idea of "total victory" in the last article, this paper focuses on the military strength in strategic defense, that is, how to "protect yourself and win".

Sun Tzu said: In the past, people who were good at using troops always created conditions so that they would not be defeated by the enemy, and then waited and looked for opportunities when the enemy might be defeated by us. Make it impossible for you to be defeated by the enemy, and the initiative is in yourself; The possibility of defeating the enemy lies in the gap that the enemy can take advantage of. Therefore, people who are good at leading troops to fight can not be defeated by the enemy, but they cannot let the enemy win for us. So in this sense, the defensive preparation for winning is predictable, but it's not up to me whether the enemy can take advantage. When I can't defeat the enemy, I will take defense, and when I can defeat the enemy, I will attack by surprise. Defense is due to insufficient conditions for winning, and attack is due to excessive conditions for winning. People who are good at defense like to hide in the depths of the earth so that the enemy can't see them; A man who is good at attacking is like moving in the unfathomable sky and catching the enemy off guard. Therefore, we can not only save ourselves, but also win completely. Predicting victory is not beyond most people's understanding, nor is it the smartest of the wise. Fighting for my life and winning, everyone in the world says yes, not the smartest of the wise. It's like being able to lift the autumn hair, seeing the sun and the moon are not bright, and hearing the thunder is not smart. In ancient times, the so-called good fighters always won the seemingly easy-to-defeat enemies. Therefore, a man who is good at fighting, when he wins, shows neither a reputation for ingenuity nor a brave contribution. Because his victory is subtle, error-free, and error-free, because his way of victory is based on certainty, and the enemy he defeated is already in a failed position. Therefore, people who are good at fighting always make themselves invincible, and at the same time don't miss any opportunity to defeat the enemy. Therefore, the victorious army always creates the conditions for victory before fighting the enemy; The defeated army always fights the enemy first, and then wins by luck. People who know how to fight are good at cultivating "invincible" ways from all aspects to ensure victory, so they can master the decision of victory or defeat. The method of using troops: first, measure, second, count, fourth, weight and fifth, victory. According to the situation of battlefield terrain, such as danger, narrowness, life and death, etc., make a judgment on using terrain; According to the judgment of battlefield topography, the size of battlefield capacity is obtained; According to the size of the battlefield capacity, estimate the number of troops that both sides may invest; According to the number of troops that the opposing sides may invest, measure and compare; According to the comparison of the strength of both sides, judge the outcome of the battle. Therefore, for the defeated army, winning the army is like being in an absolute dominant position in weighing the Thai baht; For the victorious army, the defeated army is at an absolute disadvantage. Winners command troops to fight, just like water accumulated into a stream from several executions in thousands of feet, which is unstoppable. This is a manifestation of strong military strength.

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The Art of War: The Fifth Military Potential

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

This paper focuses on how to give full play to subjective initiative and enhance actual combat ability on the basis of having certain military strength. In the actual war process, it is reflected in how to correctly change tactics and use troops flexibly in military command.

Sun Tzu said: to manage a large army like a small one is a matter of hierarchical governance and strict organization; Commanding a large number of troops to fight is like commanding a small number of troops. This is a question of commanding with flags and drums. There are so many troops in the country that if they are attacked by the enemy, they will not fail. This is a question of using "singularity"; When an army attacks the enemy, it will be invincible like beating eggs with stones. This is a "realistic" problem. Generally speaking, in a battle, the soldier is the enemy and the attacker wins. Therefore, a general who is good at winning by surprise, his tactics change endlessly like heaven and earth, and flow endlessly like a river. Finally, just like the sun and the moon move; Coming back from the dead is like changing seasons. There are only five kinds of sounds, but the change of five kinds of sounds will produce an unpleasant tone. There are only five colors, but the change of five colors will produce ugly colors. There are only five flavors, but the change of five flavors will produce a bad taste. There are only two kinds of wars, odd and positive, but the changes between odd and positive are endless. Oddly positive changes, like rotating along a circle, have no head and no tail. Who can exhaust it? The swift current makes the stone drift, which is due to the strong water potential; Fierce birds fight fast, so that they can be killed. This is due to the proper rhythm. Therefore, a wise general commands the battle, and the situation he creates is steep (commanding and irresistible), and the rhythm of his actions is short and intense. This situation is like a full bow; This rhythm is like triggering a crossbow machine. To fight in a chaotic state, it is necessary to keep the troops from being chaotic; To fight in a chaotic situation, we must deploy our troops in all directions so as to be able to cope with it, so that the enemy can take advantage of it and not defeat us. Under certain conditions, governance can produce chaos, courage can produce timidity, and strength can produce weakness. "Controlling chaos" is a problem of organization and command; "Courage and timidity" is the problem of breaking the enemy's spirit; "Strong" is a matter of military strength. Therefore, if you are good at mobilizing the enemy's generals and confusing the enemy with illusions, the enemy will be deceived by them; Give the enemy something (such as materials and supplies), and the enemy will certainly come and get it. Lure and mobilize the enemy with small profits, stand by and cover and attack the enemy with their pre-arranged troops. Therefore, generals who are good at directing wars; His attention is focused on "taking the position" instead of instructing his subordinates, so that he can choose the right talents and defeat the enemy with his strength. A man who is good at "taking advantage of the situation" commands soldiers to fight, just like turning over wood and stones. Wood and stone are characterized by being relatively stable in a flat place and easy to rotate in a steep place. Square wood and stone are relatively stable, while round ones are easy to roll. Therefore, the favorable situation caused by a clever general commanding his troops to kill the enemy is like rolling down a boulder on a few high mountains in thousands of feet, which is unstoppable; This is the so-called military "potential"!

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Sun Tzu's Art of War, Virtual Reality VI

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

This paper expounds the offensive operational principles of "avoiding the real and attacking the imaginary" and "winning by the enemy".

Sun Tzu said: occupy the battlefield first, treat the enemy, and take the initiative calmly; On the battlefield, people who are in a hurry to fight are tired and passive. Therefore, people who are good at commanding operations always mobilize the enemy, not be mobilized by the enemy. What can make the enemy take the bait is the result of the temptation of interests; What keeps the enemy from coming is the result of threatening harm. So the enemy has a good rest and can try to make him tired; The enemy has sufficient supplies and can try to make him hungry; The enemy is motionless, and we can try to mobilize him. Send troops to places where the enemy can't give first aid, and March in unexpected directions. March thousands of miles without being sleepy because you March in an area where there are no enemy soldiers or the enemy's defense is lax. The attack is bound to succeed, because it attacks places where the enemy does not pay attention to defense or is difficult to hold; Because the enemy dare not attack or is not easy to break through, the defense is bound to be consolidated. So the enemy who is good at attacking doesn't know where he is defending; Good at defense, the enemy doesn't know where he is attacking. Subtle Too subtle to see traces; It's amazing! It's amazing. I can't hear a sound. In this way, you can become the master of the enemy's fate. When entering the army, the enemy could not resist because he rushed to the weak point of the enemy's defense; When retreating, the enemy can't catch up, because the March is fast and the enemy can't catch up. So if I fight, the enemy will come out to fight with me even if he insists on deep trenches and high bases, because he will attack the key places that the enemy will save. If I don't want to fight, even if I defend myself, the enemy can't fight me because I managed to change the direction of the enemy. Therefore, by showing the strange shape and correct shape to the enemy, we can deceive him and induce him to expose his intentions without showing himself, so that the enemy can not predict, and can concentrate his own strength and disperse the enemy's strength; Our army is concentrated in one place and the enemy is scattered in ten places. In this way, I can attack the enemy with ten times the enemy's strength, resulting in a favorable situation of being outnumbered; If we can defeat the enemy with more, then I will use less force to attack the enemy. If the enemy doesn't know where we are going to attack, we must guard against it everywhere; The more places the enemy defends, the more dispersed his forces are, so there are not many enemies I can attack directly. So pay attention to guard against the front, and the troops behind will be weak; Pay attention to the rear, and the troops in front will be weak; Pay attention to the left wing, and the right wing is weak; Pay attention to the right wing, and the left wing will be weak; Where there is defense, there is weakness. The lack of troops is the result of preparations from all over the country; Most of the troops are the result of forcing the enemy to divide their forces against us. Therefore, we can predict the place and time to fight the enemy, so that we can travel thousands of miles to fight the enemy. If we can't predict the place and date of the battle, we will be unable to save the right from the left, the right from the left, the front from the back, and the back from the front, not to mention dozens of miles away and within a few miles! Thinking and inferring from the heart, although there are many soldiers in the country of Yue, what good is it in determining the outcome of the war? Therefore, victory can be won; Although the enemy has many troops, it can also make him unable to fight with all his strength. Therefore, make careful analysis and judgment in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the enemy's battle plan; Incite the enemy to understand their dynamic and static chaos control; Lure the enemy to find out the advantages and disadvantages of its terrain; Conduct combat reconnaissance in order to understand the enemy's deployment forces. Therefore, the method of luring the enemy has been applied to a wonderful degree, so that people can't see any traces. In this way, even if there are hidden spies, we can't find out our reality, and even very smart people can't figure out how to deal with me. People can't see the victory of using tactics flexibly in front of everyone according to the change of enemy situation; People all know the general tactics of my victory, but I don't know how I used these tactics flexibly according to the changes of the enemy's situation to win. Therefore, the strategy and plan for winning every time are different, but they change endlessly to adapt to the development of the enemy. The method of using troops is like water. The law of water flow is to avoid high places and flow to low places. Use the method of fighting to avoid the enemy's strong points and attack its weak points. The water flow is restricted by the terrain, and the winning strategy depends on the enemy's situation. So there is no fixed way to fight, just as the water flow has no fixed shape; Those who can win according to the changes of the enemy's situation can be called fighting like a god. The law of using soldiers is like a natural phenomenon. The five elements are born together and the four seasons alternate. The days are short and long, the months are dark and bright, and they are always changing.

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Sun Tzu's Art of War: The Seventh Military Competition

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Guided by "cheat", "move" and "separation and integration", this paper discusses the choice of fighters in actual combat, and requires commanders to create fighters and seize the opportunity to grasp them.

Sun Tzu said: the most difficult thing is to compete with the enemy for favorable winning conditions, from organizing the people to form an army to camping at the front and fighting against the enemy. The most difficult part in military struggle is how to achieve the goal of straightening through twists and turns and turn harm into benefit. Deliberately detour, lure and delay the enemy with small profits, and make yourself reach important places before the enemy. This is called the strategy of "taking detour as a straight line". So the two armies are fighting for their own interests. If they fight for the public, they will fail and become dangerous. The whole army will be too slow to catch up with all the burdens and compete for profits; Abandoning the army for profit, the trench will be lost. So, the armored soldiers marched forward bravely, without rest day and night, marching continuously in two ways and walking hundreds of miles to compete with the enemy for profit. The generals of the three armies may be captured, and the strong foot soldiers arrive first, weak and tired. In this way, only one-tenth of the troops may arrive; Walking fifty miles to compete with the enemy, the vanguard generals may be frustrated, and only half of them will arrive by this method; In order to compete for profits, only two-thirds of the troops arrived after walking 30 miles. Therefore, the army has no trench and does not think that the war will be destroyed. Without food, it cannot survive, and there is no material reserve, it will be destroyed. Therefore, you can't make friends with princes who don't understand strategy; Not familiar with mountains, obstacles, swamps and other terrain, can not March; You can't get to the right place if you don't use the guide. Therefore, fighting with troops is based on treachery and changefulness. Action should be taken according to whether it is favorable or not, and whether the use of troops is dispersed or concentrated depends on the situation. When the army moves quickly, it is like a sudden wind; When the action is slow, it looks like a neat forest; When attacking the enemy, it is like rapid fire; When you are stationed, you stand still like a mountain; Shading is like not seeing the sun, moon and stars on a cloudy day; Action, like a thunderous shock. To seize the food and wealth of the enemy's "hometown", it is necessary to divide the troops into several ways, expand the territory, divide the positions, weigh the situation and move with the camera. Whoever knows how pedantic is straight first, who knows how pedantic is straight first, will win. This is the principle of the struggle between the two armies. "Military Affairs" said: "If you can't hear it with words, use the sound of golden drums to make it enter or stop, and if you can't see it clearly with action command, use the shape of a standard to make it open or close." Golden drums and flags are used to unify military operations; Since military operations are unified, brave soldiers cannot advance alone, and cowards cannot retreat alone. This is the way to command a large number of troops. Therefore, fire and drums should be used more in night fighting and flags should be used more in day fighting. The reason for changing these signals is to adapt to the visual and auditory changes of foot soldiers. The three armies can defeat their spirit, but the general can shake their determination. At the beginning of the first battle of the army, morale was strong. By noon, Chen Bing's morale was getting low. At dusk, the soldiers will be exhausted and homesick. Therefore, people who are good at fighting always avoid the enemy's spirit and wait until the enemy is relaxed and tired before fighting. This is the way to master the morale of the army. Treat the enemy's chaos with your own strictness and treat the enemy's noise with your own calmness. This is the way to master the morale of the army. Treat the enemy's long journey with his proximity to the battlefield, treat the enemy's running fatigue with his own relaxation and rest, and treat the enemy's food hunger with his own food. This is the way to master military power. Don't meet the enemy with neat flags and careful arrangements, and don't attack the enemy with neat lineup and strong strength. This is the way to master the enemy. Therefore, the method of using troops: the enemy occupies the highland and does not attack it; The enemy's back is on the high ground, so don't attack from the front; The enemy pretended to be defeated and did not pursue; Powerful enemies, don't attack; The enemy lured me with benefits, not greedy for its bait; Don't stop the retreating enemy; Surround the enemy and leave a gap; Don't force an enemy in a desperate situation. These are all methods to be mastered in fighting.

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Sun Tzu's Art of War: Nine Changes and Eight Changes

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Abstract: In this paper, the operational principles of mobility and flexibility under various special circumstances are discussed. Its core is "your life will not be affected", which requires the actual commander on the battlefield to have the decision-making power.

Sun Tzu said: Under normal circumstances, the Lord of the country will obey the orders of his ancestors, enlist soldiers to form an army, do not station in the collapsed area, make arrangements for neighboring countries to help in the four-way land, and be careful not to stay in dangerous places. In the face of strong enemies in the past and dangerous places in the future, he will strategize and fight to the death. Don't March on the road that is unfavorable to me. Some enemy troops don't attack, some cities don't attack, some places don't argue, and some king's orders can be ignored. Therefore, if a general can be familiar with the nine changes and get benefits, he will know how to use troops; Generals who are not familiar with the nine changes and gain benefits know that the terrain is easy to be wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, but they can't really get the right place. I don't know the method of managing soldiers in the nine changes. Although I know the "five benefits", it is not used by the wise. A wise general always takes into account the interests of both sides when considering problems. If the harmful aspects are taken into account under favorable circumstances, things can go smoothly; When harmful situations are considered, evil can be eliminated. What can make the vassal yield is to harm him by means; What can serve the vassal is to force him with his wealth and wealth; What can make the vassal join is to seduce him with interests. Therefore, the law of fighting should not hope that the enemy will not come, but should be prepared by ourselves; Don't expect the enemy not to attack, but rely on yourself to have the invincible defense force of the enemy. A general has five fatal dangers: if you are brave and have no plan, if you only know how to fight recklessly, you may be trapped and killed by the enemy; If you are afraid of death when you get cold feet, you may be captured by the enemy; If you are irritable and furious, you may be bullied and moved by the enemy; If the founder is meticulous and too self-respecting, he may be insulted by the enemy's design and fall into a rash act. He is kind and loves the people, afraid of killing people, and may be disturbed by the enemy and fall into a passive position. The above five points are the mistakes that generals are prone to make, and they are the disaster of using troops. The collapse of the army and the death of soldiers must be caused by these five deadly dangers, and the generals must be carefully analyzed.

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Sun Tzu's Art of War March 9

[05-02-24] Author: Sun Wu Editor: hcctcc

Abstract: This paper discusses the methods of advancing and fighting in various special terrain conditions, as well as the principles and methods of camping and stationing troops.

Sun Tzu said: When marching, how to judge the enemy's situation according to the favorable terrain observation, we should pay attention to: when crossing the mountain, we should be close to the guest land with aquatic plants, and when stationed, we should choose the "raw land" and stay in the sun; If the enemy is in the highlands, don't climb up and attack. These are the principles of marching in the mountains. Stay away from the river bank quickly after crossing the river (avoid last stand); If the enemy crosses the river to attack, it is more advantageous not to meet the enemy in the river, but to attack when some people have crossed the river and some people have not. If you want to engage the enemy, don't go to the river to meet him, because then the enemy won't cross the river; When you are stationed in a river, you should also look at the uncultivated land, stay high in the sun, and don't camp or deploy against the enemy's downstream. These are the principles of marching in the river area and guarding the terrain. After crossing the saline-alkali swamp, leave quickly and don't stay; If you meet the enemy in the saline-alkali swamp, stay close to the Woods beside the water plants. These are the principles of marching in saline-alkali marshes. To station troops in the plain, you should choose a flat place, and it is best to keep your back to a high place, with the front low and the back high. These are the principles of marching in plain areas. The advantages of the four principles of "running the army", that is, mountains, water, repelling ze and leveling the land, are the important reasons why the Yellow Emperor was able to defeat the "Four Emperors". Generally, the garrison always likes high altitude and hates low-lying places. Being stationed in a place with convenient life, high terrain and abundant sunshine is an important condition for the army to win. Garrison troops on hills and dikes must be stationed on the sunny side with their backs on them. These benefits of using troops are all from the assistance of the terrain. When there is heavy rain in the upper reaches of the river, we should wait until the water level is stable to prevent flash floods. If you encounter any terrain such as "Juejian", "Patio", "Tianlong", "Luo Tian", "Tianjing" and "Tiankai", you must avoid it quickly instead of approaching it. The above six harmful places, I stay away from it and let the enemy get close to it; I face it and turn my enemy's back on it. There are mountains and rivers in Vitex negundo, low-lying land, or many forests beside the army.