The origin of the name Jiuquan?

Jiuquan, a famous city in the west, has a long history and rich cultural accumulation. It is the first important town after the ancient Silk Road entered. Jiuquan also has a world-class satellite launch center, is one of the few tourist and cultural capitals in China, and has extremely rare historical, humanistic and high-tech resources. However, there have been different opinions about the origin of Jiuquan place names.

A folk story goes like this: Huo Qubing, an ancient general, was born two years ago (12 1 year ago).

After defeating Xiongnu, Emperor Wu presented an altar of imperial wine to reward meritorious soldiers. There are fewer and fewer people drinking. Huo Qubing pours wine into the spring and drinks it with others, which is called Jiuquan. The story is beautiful, but it goes against the historical facts. According to Han Wei Qinghe Huo Qubing Biography, Huo Qubing "seldom waited on the scholar, but did not save the scholar. When he joined the army, he sent too many officials and brought dozens of riders. He returned the goods and abandoned the meat, but some people were hungry. Outside the Great Wall, he was short of food, or he couldn't shake himself, but he went across the field to get sick. There are many such things. " Because of Li Furen, Huo Qubing entered the palace early as an official and was deeply loved by Emperor Wu. He doesn't know the hardship of crops or the pain of soldiers. In the war against Xiongnu, he would rather give up the delicious meat and food given by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty than give it to the hungry foot soldiers. How can he pour the royal wine given by Emperor Wu into the spring water for the whole army to drink?

Looking up the literature of past dynasties, the earlier one explained the name of Jiuquan with a long-lost sentence in Han Guan Yi written by Ying Shao. For example, in the article "Jiuquan County" in the Geography of Hanshu, Tang Yanshi drum notes: "Xi Shao said:' Its water is like wine, so it was named Jiuquan. "Ying Shao, an emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a native of Xian Di, died in Jian 'an for nine years (204). His statement is that Jiuquan was founded about 300 years ago in BC 12 1 year, which is really hard to be regarded as the original code.

Later scholars said that when Xie Ying, a famous minister of the former dynasty, built the city, "Jin Quan was at the gate and tasted like wine. Some people drink this spring water and see the golden light on the mountain, hence the name. " ("Thirteen State Records") also said: "Why is the spring named after wine? The Han Dynasty dug the water in Hexi, and the road led to the spring vein. According to legend, this spring is like a raft, hence the name Jiuquan. " (Hao's Rebuilding Jiuquan Monument) The former delayed the name of the city for more than 400 years, which is unfounded. The latter pushed the origin of the name to the time when Emperor Wudi occupied Hexi for land reclamation. However, Jiuquan set the county seat in front, and the immigrants reclaimed farmland behind to divert water. How can there be a county name first, and then a name reason?

So, how did Jiuquan get its first name? According to the author's research, this is Dong Fangshuo's "Nerve" in the Western Han Dynasty. There is a saying in the book Wild West Classic:

There are jade in the northwest wilderness to feed wine, and Jiuquan is everywhere, one foot wide and three feet long. Wine is as beautiful as meat and as bright as a mirror. There are jade bottles and baskets on the table. Bring a bottle back to life and sleep with the sky. There is bacon on the side of the stone, which tastes like wax deer. Drinking this wine is not life or death, but a legacy. Its preserved fruit is called revival, and it is eaten piece by piece.

Many predecessors listed nerves as a fake book. Yao Jiheng's Textual Research on Ancient and Modern Fake Books in Qing Dynasty said: "Nerve and Ten Kingdoms: the above two books are called Dong Fangshuo. Chen Zhizhai said:' Both books are fake, but they are both fake. Han Shu is a biography of Shuo, but it doesn't mean that Liu Xiang recorded Shuo's books and tools, and the world knows nothing about him. Zan continued: Shuo's humor is superficial when shooting and covering. Children are always showing off. But the good people of later generations, because of the strange words attached to the new moon, recorded in detail. Obviously, historians want to eliminate confusion. "

The praise for "a teenager always likes to show off" in Biography of Han Dong Fang Shuo reveals the secret, which shows that many of Dong Fangshuo's works, including Nerve, have long been household names in the Western Han Dynasty, just because in the eyes of orthodox scholars, his thoughts are "unclear and impure" and his contents are "deceitful", which has been put aside by Liu Xiang and Ban Gu. History has proved that the likes and dislikes of Confucianism are dominant. Because of its great value in history and human geography, nerve was finally circulated and recorded. There are records in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, Old Tang Book Jing Ji Zhi, New Tang Book Literature and Art Zhi, Song History Literature and Art Zhi and Si Quan Shu. In terms of content and form, Shenyijing and Shanhaijing come down in one continuous line, both of which are the products of the long-term spread, word-of-mouth and even exaggerated and inaccurate geographical knowledge of our ancestors. Although the age of Shan Hai Jing is controversial, scholars are sure that it is a pre-Qin work, so the age of Shen Yijing should be not far from that of Shan Hai Jing.

According to historical records, Dong Fangshuo is really knowledgeable. "Biography of Historical Records and Funny Stories" said: Dong Fangshuo "handed down ancient books, loved Confucian classics and learned more from others' languages." The Biography of Han Dong Fangshuo said: "Dong Fangshuo was born in Pingyuan (east of Huimin County, Shandong Province). At the beginning of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, he was not inferior to those who raised founder's literary talents. Many scholars have written about their own gains and losses in all four directions, and there are thousands of people who show off their talents. Lack of people need to report. "New Moon" begins by saying, "Lose your parents less, raise your brother and sister-in-law, study at the age of thirteen, and spend three winters in literature and history. Learn fencing. Learn "Poetry" and "Book" and recite 220,000 words. Nineteen learned Sun Wu's art of war, tools of war and drum teaching, and recited 220,000 words. Every minister memorized 440 thousand words. I always follow Luz's advice. ""Qi people have a tradition of roaming the whole country since ancient times, and even traveled to the sea (such as Qin Xufu's quest for immortality). Qi called it generalized (such as Zou's theory in the Warring States Period). Living in this environment for a long time, he is eager to learn, and he reads all kinds of classics, biographies, military books and literature and history books. It is understandable that Dong Fangshuo is well informed. As for the return to the North Pole or Jiuquan scenery in the book, I don't necessarily see it myself. Because of Dong Fangshuo's life, he devoted himself to studying and practicing martial arts when he was young. Emperor Wu's first appointment is waiting for the bus. Since then, he has been working beside the emperor. Although sent to various places, it is impossible to wander to the North Pole or Hexi, which is still the territory of Xiongnu. Some of his knowledge is personal, some is based on reading, and some is heard. No matter in his hometown or in the imperial court, he has access to countless people and is very curious, so it is not difficult to collect and record these stories.

In the first year of Jianyuan (BC 140) and Yuanguang (BC 134), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was banned by Prime Minister Wei Wan for the first time and recruited Dong Zhongshu, Gong and others for the second time. Dong Fangshuo's phone seems to be the second time. The book "Nerve" should be written before and after. Later, Huo Qubing was connected to Hexi, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to build a county in Hexi, so he probably consulted people of insight such as Dong Fangshuo. Dong Fangshuo knew that there was a magical Jiuquan in the northwest drought, so he naturally suggested that Emperor Wu take it as the county name. Otherwise, why did the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "give rich money to the East after the river was leveled" ("Historical Records and Funny Biography").

Therefore, the author thinks that Jiuquan County is named after the spring, specifically because it is recorded in Dong Fangshuo's "Nerve" at the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that there is a mouthful of Jiuquan in the northwest wilderness, which tastes like wine.