Business Classical Chinese

1. What is the meaning of "business" in classical Chinese?

Words should be understood according to the context. The following are common usages 1. Planning and construction.

"Book·Zhaogao": "In the divination house, once you have the divination, you can run it." "African Night Meeting·": "The exquisiteness of the tomb reflects the ingenuity of the original management."

< p> 2. Planning and management. "Poetry·Daya·Jianghan": "Jianghan is full of hot water, and warriors are struggling.

Manage the four directions and succeed in Wang 3. Zhouxuan; "Tiewei Shancong Tan" Volume 5: "I saw a monk on the house Firefighting. An urgent order was issued: "It is not advisable to go forward if Jin is to take his life!" ’ The monk didn’t care and was running freely in the house. "

4. Refers to artistic conception. Liang Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties "Wen Xin Diao Long·Li Ci": "As for poets' occasional chapters and doctor's couplets, they adapt to the odd and even, and do not work hard. "

5. Handling and managing. Today it is mostly used in industrial and commercial enterprises.

The second poem of "Tian Jia" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty: "Work hard and prudently, and your skin will What a shame. "Awakening Words: Two County Magistrates Compete for the Righteous Marriage Orphan": "Jia Chang did not go out to do business for more than a year because he cared about Miss Shi." ”

For example: running a business. 2. What does business mean in classical Chinese?

Words should be understood according to the context. The following are common usages

1. Planning and construction . "Book·Zhao Gao": "For divination, once you have divination, you can manage it." "African Night Party·": "The exquisiteness of the tomb reflects the ingenuity of the original business." ”

2. Planning and management. "Poetry·Daya·Jianghan": "Jianghan is full of water, and the warriors are wet." Manage the four directions and succeed with the king

3. Dealing with each other; dealings with each other "Tiewei Shan Cong Tan" Volume 5: "I saw a monk putting out a fire on the house. I urgently ordered to call out: 'It is not advisable to go forward if Jin's life is in danger!' The monk Regardless, you can manage everything freely. ”

4. Refers to artistic conception. Liang Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties "Literary Mind Diaolong·Li Ci": "As for the poets' occasional chapters and the officials' joint poems, they adapt to the odd and even, and manage without labor."

5. Management. Nowadays, it is mostly used in industrial and commercial enterprises. The second poem of "Tian Jia" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty: "If you work hard and prudently, your skin will be a pity." "Awakening Words: Two County Magistrates Competing for an Orphan Girl in a Righteous Marriage": "Jia Chang did not go out to do business for more than a year because he was concerned about Miss Shi. "For example: running a business. 3. Find some classical Chinese articles about business

Famous businessmen in ancient times include Duanmu, the originator of Confucian businessmen, who bestowed wealth, Tao Zhugong, Fan Li, the wise business ancestor, Bai Gui, a businessman who founded a country, Lu Buwei, a farmer and business wizard, Sang Hongyang, a rich man who could rival the country, Shen Wansan. A rich man, Wu Bingjian, a business tycoon, Qiao Zhiyong, a red-top businessman, Hu Xueyan, a generation of money kings, Wang Chi, a hardware king, Ye Chengzhong, Shanxi merchants, the three Xue brothers, an enlightened wealthy businessman, Qu Benqiao, a businessman and an official, Yuquan, a unique path, Fan Shikui, a salt merchant, offering wine, Yang Jimei, advocating benevolence and Li Ming There are books on merchants and merchants such as "Historical Records" that record their deeds by searching their names on Baidu.

There are records of ancient merchants in books such as "The Biography of Huo Zhi", "Yu Li", "Miscellaneous Notes of Yanjing" and "Zhitan". Ten Tips for Doing Business in Ancient Times 1. Know the terrain to win and choose the terrain to make money. The Art of War says: The terrain is determined by the help of soldiers.

It is the way of a general to anticipate the enemy's victory, to plan for dangers, and to plan for near and far. He who knows this and uses war will win; he who does not know this and uses war will lose.

It can be seen that terrain is important to combat, and a general must pay attention to it. Doing business is like fighting, and shopping malls are like war. People who often do business are like generals who command thousands of troops. A wise general will often occupy favorable terrain and ultimately win the war.

As a great strategist during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Fan Li knew this very well. From a strategist's perspective, he believed that Tao Di was the center of the world, connected to all the princes, and an ideal place for trade in goods.

So he chose Tao Di as a marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he made three fortunes and became a wealthy businessman. From this, the reputation of Tao Zhugong became famous in ancient and modern times and left a name in history. According to "Historical Records: Biography of Huo Shi", after the Qin State destroyed the Zhao State, it implemented an immigration policy. At that time, many people bribed officials and were unwilling to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to a distant place. Under the mountains, he took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, honest folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and easy development of commerce.

A few years later, Zhuo became a well-known rich man. This concept of choosing not only the time but also the place has been accepted by later generations of businessmen.

The famous capital of Huaizuo, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, is located in the best place in the west of Zhuxi. It is located at the crossroads between the north and the south, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent goods exchanges. The land was fertile and rich in tea, salt, silk, and silk. Many merchants came here, and merchants from Qin and Shanxi settled and operated here.

It was from here that the famous Huizhou merchants started to dominate the world. 2. Buy when it is cheap, sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that if you buy when it is cheap, it will become expensive even though it is expensive; if you sell it when it is expensive, it will become expensive even though it is cheap.

Emphasize that businessmen should be good at seizing business opportunities, seizing the opportunity, and buying and selling without losing the opportunity. Business profits come from the difference between buying and selling prices.

Once you find that the opportunity to buy or sell has arrived, you should act like a beast or a bird of prey and make an immediate decision. During the time of Wei Wenhou, the Chinese people focused on farming, but Bai Gui was willing to watch the changes in time.

When the grain harvest was good, he bought grain and sold silk paint. When silk became available, he purchased large quantities of silk and sold grain.

He once said: In business, I am as strategic as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong, as good at judgment as Sun Bin and Wu Qi, and as good as Shang Yang in law enforcement. Some people are too wise to adapt to circumstances, their bravery cannot make prompt decisions, their benevolence cannot make appropriate choices, and their stubbornness cannot adhere to principles.

Therefore, if such a person comes to me to learn how to run a business, I will not teach him. This passage clearly explains his decisiveness and wisdom in grasping the opportunity to buy at low prices and sell at high prices.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later generations of businessmen. With his own business strategy and careful management, he made his family rich.

3. See the clues and predict the future to make money. Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of his country's subjugation by snow. He worked hard to govern the country all day long. When he learned that the state of Wu was suffering from a severe drought, he purchased a large amount of grain from the state of Wu. In the second year, the state of Wu was severely short of food. The people were in dire straits. The hungry people had no food to eat, and there were many complaints. The state of Yue took the opportunity to raise troops to destroy the state of Wu.

God will not let you down if you work hard. The King of Yue finally became a hegemon and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

What King Gou Jian of Yue did here was a big deal. The fortune he made was not gold and silver, but a country and the hegemony that dominated the world. It is a successful example of the application of merchant methods in politics.

"Yi Jian Zhi" records that during the Song Dynasty, there was a fire in Lin'an City, which affected the fish pond. The shop of a businessman named Pei also caught fire. However, he did not go to put out the fire, but took the fire with him. With two taels of silver, they recruited manpower to go out of the city to purchase bamboo, wood, bricks, tiles, reeds, rafters, rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in ruins, and building materials were in hot demand on the market. At this time, Pei's merchants took advantage of the opportunity to make a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the shop. At the same time, they also satisfied the needs of the market and the market. the needs of the people.

You can catch a glimpse of a leopard in a tube. Keen observation and accurate judgment are the never-ending source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. 4. Small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to be noble. Ji Ran, a great business theorist of the pre-Qin Dynasty, believed that "the most noble will turn against the low, and the low will turn against the noble." He advocated that "the noble is like dung, and the cheap is like pearls and jade."

Sima Qian once said: "Buy for three yuan if you are greedy, and buy if you are cheap for five yuan." This means that a businessman who is greedy for high profits can only make a profit of 30%, while a businessman who makes small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. "Yu Ion" records: There were three businessmen selling the same product in the market. One of them lowered the price and sold it to many buyers. He made a fortune within a year. The other two refused to lower the price and made a huge profit. Far less than the former.

Zhang Liang, a counselor of Liu Gang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was a student of Huang Shigong in his early years. He sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night. Later, he felt that there was not enough time to study, so he divided the scissors into upper, middle and lower parts. Wait, the price of the high-grade ones remains the same, the price of the medium-grade ones is one penny less than the original price, and the low-grade ones are two cents less. As a result, it only took half a day to sell twice as many scissors as usual, earn twice as much money as before, and spend more time studying than before. Therefore, there is a folk proverb: Zhang Liang sells scissors. ——High and low are the same thing.

5. Carved red and green to keep customers company. "Miscellaneous Notes of Yanjing" contains: The store in the capital city is plain and simple, carved red and green, with brocaded windows and embroidered doors. Some shop signs hang high, and at night, colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house, illuminating the street as if it were daytime.

Some shops display calligraphy and paintings to promote products, as well as paintings and calligraphy by celebrities, which is arty.

In this way, we can sublimate the taste of the store and increase the customer's return rate.

There are also some teahouses, restaurants, and hotels that specially arrange musical instrument performances and storytelling to entertain guests. In a noodle shop in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as a customer entered the shop and sat down, the waiter immediately came to ask the customer what he wanted, in compliance with the customers' calls and instructions. 4. How did the ancient people say business in ancient Chinese?

It should be:

"Sitting in the business (gǔ) doing business" or "going business and sitting in the business".

Jia gǔ

The more commonly used words in ancient proverbs are to express business, such as: "Hide everything in a cabinet, sell everything if you ask for a good merchant", "Marry a merchant from Qutang, and go to court" Today, "Shang" has basically replaced "Jia", but there is still the word "Shang Jia".

--The information comes from asking a classmate and he sent it to me (I don’t know where he got it yet).

zuò gǔ xíng shāng (zuò gǔ xíng shāng)

Explanation: Jia gǔ: businessman. Sitting businessman and walking businessman. In ancient times, merchants were people who traveled around selling goods, and merchants were people who opened a shop and had a fixed address to sell goods. This was called "traveling merchants and merchants". Now generally refers to traders who do business.

Source: Song Dynasty Fan Chengda's "Shihu Poetry Collection* Title Nantang Guesthouse": "Only when you are idle can you know how to live in this life. A fool is more active outside. Look at the businessmen who are sitting here, who can be calm again? Sing Weicheng.”