Present situation of Gezhouba of Three Gorges Project

Wu Jia Town, Yichang City is located in the east of the urban area, and Hanyi Highway runs through the whole territory, which is the main area for Yichang City to accept immigrants from the Three Gorges. Qianping Village mainly accepts immigrants from Gezhouba, while Lingbao Village and Nanwan Village mainly accept immigrants from Three Gorges. Gezhouba migrants 1976 moved here due to the construction of Gezhouba water conservancy project. Three Gorges migrants were 1999 residents living in the reservoir area 135 meters due to the construction of Three Gorges Project. Lingbao Village and Nanwan Village mainly accepted Zigui County migrants. The children of these immigrants all receive compulsory education in Huayan Primary School. To this end, we investigated and analyzed the situation of these immigrants.

First, the current situation of immigrants

1, family population and structure

Immigrant families are mainly three-member and four-member families, among which three-member families account for 55.3% of the surveyed population, four-member families account for 3 1.8%, two-member, five-member and six-member families account for 12.9%, and five-member and six-member families belong to the it family. According to statistics, these immigrants can respond to the call of national family planning, and there is no super-life phenomenon.

From the perspective of family structure, one child accounts for 76.5%, two children account for 23.5%, two-parent families account for 94. 1%, single-parent families and combined families only account for 5.9%, and families that run away from it account for 38.8%. From the survey, the immigrant family structure tends to be reasonable.

2. Education level of family population

Among the immigrant family members, 8.95% are illiterate, 40.2% have primary school education, 39.5% have junior high school education, 0.6% have high school education, and only 0.8% have junior college education. It can be seen from the above results that the education level of immigrant family members is generally low, with the education level below junior high school accounting for the vast majority, and the education level above senior high school accounting for only 1 1.4%.

3. Housing situation

Among the 85 immigrant families surveyed, 20 have a housing area of less than 50 square meters, 45 have a housing area of 50- 100 square meters, 3 have a housing area of1200 square meters, and 3 have a per capita housing area of 20 square meters. The houses of these families are all assembled structures with mixed bricks, which are reasonable in structure and complete in configuration. Immigrant families are not short of housing and can meet family needs.

4, family economic sources and means of production

According to the survey results, 39 households have no land and 85 households have no fruit trees. There are 9 households with 0.5 mu of land, 0.5- 1 mu 16 households, 7 households with 1-2 mu, 9 households with 2-3 mu, and more than 3 mu 1 household. There are 15 households with less than 50 fruit trees and 4 households with 50- 100 trees. The economic source of immigrant families mainly depends on going out to work and relief. There are 66 households with part-time jobs, accounting for 77.6% of the surveyed population, 24 households with means of production, accounting for 28.2%, and those without financial resources by relief 1 1.8%. The economic situation of immigrant families is generally poor.

Second, comprehensive analysis

The family population and structure are reasonable, and the housing area can meet the needs of families and meet the standards. However, immigrants generally have low education level, poor comprehensive quality, lack of means of production, limited income sources and low income of immigrant families, which leads to less investment in children's education and even fail to meet the basic requirements. What is the reason? There are the following reasons in the investigation.

1, irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure is backward, and its ability to resist natural disasters is weak.

2. The state gives these immigrants economic compensation and relocation expenses according to the policy, but governments at all levels from the state to the local level have to withhold part of the resettlement expenses, which are very small in the hands of immigrants and cannot rebuild their homes.

3. The quality of cultivated land is poor, the quantity is small, and the cultivated land resettled by some rural immigrants has immature soil, high gravel and insufficient fertility.

4. Rural families do not attach importance to education, and students are too early to farm, so their educational level is low. Due to the low level of education, migrant workers can only do low-paying jobs, resulting in less economic income. Immigrants have no knowledge of agricultural science, technology, culture and economy, and the utilization rate of the means of production is low.

5. Immigrant villages lack competent village cadres and agricultural scientific and technological talents.

6. Most immigrants have poor comprehensive quality, have not established a correct outlook on life and morality, and have many bad habits.

Third, suggestions and countermeasures

1. It is suggested to further increase policy support for immigrant villages. Define and implement the post-migration support policy as soon as possible. As soon as possible, it is necessary to clarify the post-resettlement support policies stipulated in Articles 45 and 46 of the Regulations on Resettlement for the Construction of the Three Gorges Project, formulate the post-resettlement support plan, and start the post-resettlement support work in time.

2. It is suggested to further increase the investment in infrastructure construction of immigrant villages.

3. It is suggested to further increase the support for industrial development support projects in immigrant villages.

4. Establishing and improving the social security system such as minimum living guarantee for migrants in the reservoir area to ensure their basic livelihood is a temporary solution to stabilize migrants and maintain the stability of the reservoir area. The fundamental solution is to broaden employment channels and expand the employment of immigrants, so that immigrants can continuously improve their living standards through employment or entrepreneurship.

5, increase investment in education in immigrant areas, improve school conditions, improve the quality of education, and implement the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

6. To strengthen the construction of leading bodies in immigrant villages, it is necessary to train a group of civil servants who are willing to contribute to the immigration work.

7. Run rural vocational education well, cultivate the backbone of agricultural science and technology, and improve the quality of immigrants.

8. Strengthen the education of immigrants' spiritual civilization.