What is the smallest country in the world? What institutions are there? And the history of its establishment!

Country name: TheVaticanCityState Area: 0.44 square kilometers. Population: 1380, with only 540 permanent residents. Mainly Italians. The official languages are Italian and Latin. Catholic Capital: Vatican City

Vatican city-state is the smallest country in the world and an independent sovereign country in Europe. Located in the triangle highland in the northwest corner of Rome, Italy. It is located on the right bank of the Tiber River, with the surrounding city walls as the national boundary. In short, the city is the capital of the Vatican, that is, the country, so it is called "city country". Covering an area of 0.44 square kilometers, it has all kinds of facilities, including junior high school palace, church, library, post office, radio station, railway station and airport.

The Vatican is essentially a "country within a country" located in Italy. Unlike all other countries, this country has no land, agriculture, industry and mineral resources. The country produces daily necessities, such as tap water, electricity, food, fuel and gas, which are all supplied by Italy. The Vatican has a railway station, which is connected with Rome by an 862-meter-long railway. This country has no industrial and agricultural production and no army. Only a few guards are responsible for national security, safeguarding the safety of the Pope and attending religious ceremonies.

St Peter's Cathedral, the largest Catholic church in the world. St Peter's Square, located in the southwest of the square, is the second cathedral in the world. This church was originally built by Constantine the Great in the cemetery of St. Peter, and was completed in 326 AD. /kloc-in the 6th century, Pope Julio II decided to rebuild St. Peter's unique church, 1506 broke ground. During the reconstruction of 120 years, the best Italian architects bramante, Michelangelo, Della Baltar and Carlo martel successively presided over the design and construction, and it was not officially announced until1626165438+10 18. There are three masterpieces of sculpture that attract the most attention:

One is a sculpture of Michelangelo at the age of 24. The virgin's grief of holding her dead son and obedience to God's will are vividly portrayed in her works. The suffering of the Virgin Mary here is very different from the cheerful Ichiro's later works.

The second piece is a bronze canopy carved by bernini. It is supported by four spiral copper columns and is as high as five stories. There is always an ever-burning lamp on the semi-circular railing in front of the canopy, and below it is the Pontifical Altar and St. Peter's Tomb. Only the Pope can celebrate mass in front of the pilgrims of Asahi on this altar.

The third is the throne of St Peter, which is also a gilded bronze throne designed by bernini. Above the throne is a wooden chair with dazzling niches and ivory ornaments. There are two little angels on the back of the chair, holding the keys to heaven and the triple crown of the Pope. Legend has it that this wooden chair is the real throne of St. Peter, and was later presented by King Ticha II of Caroline.

Peter's Square is located in front of St. Peter's Cathedral and is the most famous square in Rome. This square, which condensed the essence of each era, was designed by the world famous architect bernini in 1667 and took 1 1 year to build. This square is oval, 340 meters long and 240 meters wide. The ground is paved with black small square stones, surrounded by semi-circular marble colonnade on both sides, and the shape is harmonious and magnificent. The colonnade has 284 columns and 88 square columns. Divided into four columns, forming three corridors. On the platform facing the top of each stone pillar in the square, there is a 3.2-meter-high marble statue. They are all martyrs in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, with different expressions and lifelike.

In the center of the square stands a towering obelisk. At the top of the monument is the cross that crucified Jesus. It is said that this monument was shipped from Egypt in 40 AD (25.5 meters high and weighing 320 tons). It is said that St. Peter was hung on the inverted cross here. The fountains on the left and right sides, the one on the right was built by Ma Delnaud in the 7th century A.D./KLOC-0, and the one on the left is a replica designed and later built by bernini. There is a beautiful fountain on both sides of the square, and silver flowers splash everywhere. Strangely, standing on the round white marble between the beautiful fountains and looking at the colonnade on both sides, only the first row of four rows of stone pillars can be seen, which is the perspective effect of bernini's ingenious design. There is a Pope's study in the building facing St Peter's Church on the right. Every Sunday at noon, the Pope appears in the second window on the right side of the top floor to pray for the people gathered in the square.