How did Sui Dynasty communicate with Korea and Japan?

After the Sui Dynasty unified China, it quickly became the most powerful empire in East Asia, and at the same time strengthened its ties with its eastern neighbors, North Korea and Japan?

Koguryo on the Korean peninsula began to expand outward after the establishment of Gai Sheng Gu Cheng in 37 BC, and later took control of the northern part of the Korean peninsula?

Koguryo has maintained a suzerain-vassal relationship with the Central Plains regime in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China? At the same time, with the increasing national strength, Koguryo and the Central Plains regime have had frequent frictions and wars?

In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified China, ending centuries of division? Goguryeo witnessed the rapid rise of the Sui Dynasty and was very frightened. She stepped up preparations for food and training, and discussed the policy of refusing Sui Dynasty? Emperor Wendi of Sui was greatly dissatisfied when he heard the news, and immediately sent a letter with harsh words to King Koguryo, detailing Koguryo's rude behavior of not observing the Festival of Governors and Ministers, and threatening to destroy Chen's story?

Since then, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and Yang Di Dynasty have made many expeditions to Koguryo? Later, Koguryo was trapped by years of war and was unable to fight any more, so she had to send messengers to Sui to surrender? At this time, the domestic people in the Sui Dynasty were weakened by years of war, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another? When Emperor Yang Di saw Goguryeo's envoy coming to ask him to surrender, he quickly closed it and ordered the army to return to North Korea? Koguryo is the local government of ethnic minorities in northeast China. It has been conferred by the Central Plains Dynasty since the Han Dynasty. Baekje and Silla are just two supporting roles? On the one hand, he was oppressed by Koguryo and hoped that the Sui Dynasty would send troops to attack Koguryo; On the other hand, they are worried that once defeated, it will lead to disaster? At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Baekje and Silla frequently sent envoys to the Sui Dynasty to maintain friendly relations? Baekje was invaded by Koguryo and pushed forward by Silla step by step, and the strategic situation was very sinister. In order to resist the powerful neighboring countries and urgently need foreign aid, Baekje actively paid tribute to Sui.

In 58 1 year, shortly after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Wade, king of Baekje, sent envoys to Duke Tong of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty conferred the title of Wade as the third secretary of Shang Kaifu? Take grandpa Fang for example? After the Southern Dynasties unified China, Baekje immediately sent envoys to Sui to congratulate him? Emperor Wen of Sui was very happy? Mindful that Baekje was far away from the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty said to King Baekje through emissaries, "Although we are separated from Wan Li, we understand each other as if we met each other? I already know King Baekje's heart, but it is difficult to travel back and forth between the two places. In the future, Baekje will not have to pay tribute every year, and Sui will not have to send envoys every year. "

In 598 AD, King Wade heard that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was going to attack Koguryo, so he sent a special envoy as the leader of Sui Jun? But at this time, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty had already stopped fighting because of the unfavorable conquest. Moreover, Goguryeo had apologized, so he told Baekje: "Gaoyuan has never dared to take the blame, can't he be cut again?" Later, when Goguryeo learned of this incident, he sent troops to invade the border of Baekje as revenge?

In 607, King Baekje sent envoys to the Sui Dynasty twice, demanding that the Sui Dynasty crusade against Koguryo? At this time, the Emperor of Sui Dynasty was Yang Di. He agreed to Baekje's request to spy on Koguryo? Baekje learned that Sui Shi was going to war and sent troops to the border to help Sui, but in fact he stayed put, just to wait and see? I'm afraid it is possible for Sui Dynasty for Baekje to take an active part in the battle and wait and see.

No confidence to win? In 6 14, Baekje paid tribute to the Sui Dynasty for the last time. After that, there was chaos in the Sui Dynasty, and the tribute was abolished. Although the relationship between Sui and Silla is friendly, it is not intimate? Partly because Silla has Baekje.

Mutual resistance, inconvenience and Sui communication? Silla, like Baekje, regarded Goguryeo as the most dangerous enemy and tried to subdue Goguryeo with the power of the Sui Dynasty.

In 594, Silla sent envoys to pay tribute to the Sui Dynasty, and Emperor Wendi of Sui conferred the title of Pingwang in Silla Town as his official residence? Princess Le Lang? King Silla? In 608, because Goguryeo invaded its territory many times, King Silla ordered someone to repair the watch and crusade against Goguryeo from a beggar in the Sui Dynasty, but there was no response?

In 6 1 1 year, Silla was repeatedly invaded by Koguryo and sent envoys to Sui for advice. * * * Cut Koguryo? At this time, Yang Di decided to conquer Koguryo and agreed to Silla's request? In the second year, Yang Di first recruited Goguryeo, and then continued to raise troops for conquest? However, in the process of conquering Koguryo in the Sui Dynasty, Silla, like Baekje, actually did not send troops to help. Surely it has the same concerns as Baekje?

During the reign of the Five Kings of Japan, Japan had close contacts with the Liu Song regime in the Southern Dynasties in China? After China was unified by the Sui Dynasty, the Japanese returned to Korea, hoping to learn the advanced culture of the Sui Dynasty? System? But at this time, Japan's Yamato nation-state has been formed, and its national pride makes it unwilling to associate with Sui as before? Even at this time, Japan has become very sensitive to etiquette and birthright? Of course, the Sui Empire ignored this mentality of Japan. In the eyes of the Sui Dynasty, Japan was no different from other small princes who admired China. So, there was a dispute over credentials between Sui and Japan? What is commendable is that the supreme rulers of both sides did not hinder the exchange of "reality" because of the dispute over "name"?

In 600, Japan sent its first envoy to the Sui Dynasty? Emperor Wen was very happy because Japan had not paid tribute for a hundred years? When the Japanese ambassador returned home, he reported to Regent Shoto Kutaishi? Shoto Kutaishi learned from the emissary that Buddhism flourished in Sui Dynasty, so he decided to send an emissary to Sui again in the name of Buddhist scriptures and Buddhism, with the following main purposes.

In 607, the Japanese once again sent Sister Xiao Ye as a special envoy and appointed an interpreter to bring her credentials to the Sui capital. Following Sister Ono to the Sui Dynasty, dozens of monks studied abroad. They were the first Japanese students sent to China?

Emperor Yang Di was jubilant by nature, and he was deeply satisfied with the Japanese king's partial visit to the island and sending a special envoy to North Korea despite difficulties and obstacles. However, when he saw the words written in the Japanese king's credentials, his pride soon disappeared. He immediately ordered the official in charge of foreign affairs: "If the barbarian's credentials are rude in the future, don't show them to me!"

Japan is in the east and China is in the west, so the king of Japan claims to be the son of heaven where the sun rises and the emperor China is the son of heaven where the sun sets? This letter from Japan proves that the original instructions of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty have no effect, and the Japanese court still insists on the position of equality with the Sui Dynasty? Nevertheless, Yang Di ordered the secretary of crack hon temple to warmly receive the Japanese envoys, and in order to show off the prestige of the country, he decided to immediately send Wen Pei to Japan to pay a return visit to the Japanese king?

In 608, Sister Xiao Ye accompanied Pei to lead a delegation to Kyushu? When the king of Japan heard the news, he immediately sent an important person to meet him? At the same time, in view of the fact that the existing building for receiving foreign envoys is too simple, it is ordered to build a new building in Nanpu City, that is, Osaka City today, to accommodate Ambassador Pei and his party?

When the Japanese king received the Sui envoy, he said humbly, "I heard that there is a big Sui country in Haixi, which is a state of etiquette, so I sent envoys to pay tribute? We lived in a secluded corner by the sea and didn't know the manners, so we didn't meet? Cleaning the road this time? Decorate the building to meet the envoys of big countries and hope to hear the reform of big countries? " The Japanese king expressed his apologies for his last "rude" credentials in a pun?

Pei Shiqing, the special envoy of Sui Dynasty, immediately presented Yang Di's credentials. The first sentence in the book is "the emperor asks the king of Japan", which is like the tone of a superior country to a small country? Pei Shiqing told the Japanese king that this is the style of books for princes?

According to Japanese historical records, when Regent Shoto Kutaishi saw the credentials and demoted their ruler Tian Zi to king of Japan, he was as unhappy as Emperor Yang Di when he saw the book of the Kingdom of Japan? Shoto Kutaishi didn't reward Pei Shiqing for this reason?

However, although the Japanese rulers were very dissatisfied with the arrogance of Emperor Yang Di, considering that there were many places to learn from Sui in the future, they didn't care much about the etiquette of credentials? When Pei returned to China, the Japanese government still warmly hosted a banquet to see him off, and asked Sister Xiao Ye to form a mission to escort the Sui envoy home.

This time, there are also eight international students, seven are descendants of the so-called naturalized Han Chinese, and one is a Silla? This fully shows that the Japanese with high cultural literacy in this period were mainly immigrants from China and the Korean Peninsula and their descendants?

At the end of 608, Yan Shiqing? Sister Xiao Ye and others arrived in Chang 'an, the capital of Sui Dynasty? Sister Ono submitted a letter from the Kingdom of Japan to the Sui Dynasty? In view of the previous instructions of Emperor Yang Di, "Don't show me any more barbarian credentials", do you dare to submit this credential to Emperor Yang Di?

In fact, the wording of the Japanese credentials has been considered? It is said that the credentials were written by Shoto Kutaishi himself, and the names of both sides were changed to "Eastern Emperor" and "Western Emperor", calling Emperor Yangdi the Western Emperor and the King of Japan the Eastern Emperor? However, it is obvious that Japan insists on diplomatic reciprocity.

The relationship between Sui and Japan developed smoothly because the minister of crack hon temple did not show his credentials to Yang Di and left no unpleasant records. During the Sui Dynasty, Japan sent envoys four times before and after? Did Japan learn the political art of the Sui Dynasty? Japan has a "prince"? Throne? "The House of the Emperor"? "East Palace"? "weighing system" and "imperial edict" Your majesty. Words like "Your Highness" are reserved for the royal family in our country?