An introduction to the us government's shutdown crisis.

An overview of the U.S government shutdown crisis;

The us government stopped working, the budget allocation could not be approved, and the us government had no money to spend. The power of budget allocation is in the hands of the US Congress. If Congress doesn't pass the budget, it means that the government can't spend money, many projects that need to spend money can't continue, and employees' wages will be difficult to pay. From 1977 to 1996, 19, the federal government closed 17 times, almost once a year, with the shortest 1 day and the longest1day. Among them, from 1995 to 1996, during the Clinton administration, it was closed twice, resulting in hundreds of thousands of government employees being sent home "unemployed".

From September 20th, 2065438 to the evening of 30th, 2003, under the strong demand of conservative forces such as * * * and "Tea Party", Speaker of the House of Representatives Boehner proposed different versions of the provisional appropriation bill at least three times, all of which were tied together with obstructing the implementation of American health care reform pushed by Obama, but none of them were passed by the Senate controlled by the Democratic Party, which eventually led to the failure of the federal government budget. 20 13 10 1, the non-core departments of the US federal government closed. 2065438+031October 7 10 Obama urgently signed the military salary case, and 90% of Pentagon employees may return to work. On the evening of 20 13 10 16, the federal government closed.

Government blockade:

Since 1976, the budget procedure of the US Congress was formally implemented, the US government has stopped 18 times. During the administration of Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter, there were six partial government shutdowns in the United States, and the affected departments were the US Department of Labor and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The duration of these government closures ranged from 8 days to 65,438+08 days. The main reason for the closure was the controversy over providing federal financial subsidies for abortion. As for Ronald Reagan's administration, there were eight government shutdowns in the United States, which lasted 1 to 3 days. This time, the controversy revolves around the government deficit. There was a similar four-day government shutdown during george herbert walker bush's administration.

During Bill Clinton's administration, conservatives gained control of Congress after the party revolution of 1994. Since then, the US government has completely shut down for 5 days and 2 1 day respectively. The main reason for this lockout is the deficit problem.

20 1 1 crisis:

20 1 1 In April, US President Barack Obama kept talking with * * * and Republicans, hoping to reach an agreement on the 20 1 1 budget. If there is no result at midnight local time on the 8 th, the US government will close.

20 1 1 On April 5 and 6, 2008, Obama had two long talks with House Speaker Boehner and Senate Majority Leader Reid. According to American media, it is rare for the president to invite Congress to hold talks late at night, but the effect is not obvious.

On April 6, 2065438+0/KLOC-0, several White House press officials also vigorously "publicized" the "disastrous consequences" of the government's closure, thus putting pressure on the negotiations. The New York Times reporter who attended the news conference said that American officials said that once the government closed, more than 800,000 civil servants in the United States would take a long vacation. "Many government departments are neglected, and public institutions such as parks and art galleries may close down. Courts and some departments of the military will also be affected. "

On the evening of April 7, 2065438+0/KLOC-0, Obama called the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Republican john boehner, and Senate Majority Leader, Democrat Harry Reid, for a meeting at the White House. This is the fourth time in three days that they have discussed how to avoid the closure of the White House. More than an hour later, Obama appeared in the press conference room with a gloomy face-the two sides did not reach an agreement on the budget of 20 1 1. There is not much time before the midnight deadline on the 8th, and the US government has entered the countdown.

The 20 1 1 fiscal year budget submitted by the Obama administration to Congress was not approved. The deficit of the US government in fiscal year 20 1 1 will hit a record high of $65,438 +0.65 trillion. Although the Obama administration has repeatedly revised it, it has repeatedly hit a wall in Congress.

Capitol Hill protested the education-related budget cuts in fiscal year 20 1 1. The differences between the two parties are mainly about the scope of fiscal cuts. The Democratic Party demanded a reduction of $33 billion, while the * * * and the Party previously demanded a reduction of $6 1 billion, making some concessions, and now they advocate $40 billion. In fact, the difference between the two plans is only $7 billion, which is only equivalent to the federal government's expenditure of 17 hours, and less than a fraction of the expenditure of about $3.7 trillion in the budget of 201/kloc-0.

However, many consultations between the two sides failed to bridge their differences. The Wall Street Journal in the United States said that the two parties would rather risk shutting down the government than give in, more like comparing who is "more politically manly" in front of voters.

"The reason is related to the political stance of the two parties," said Jaco, an American scholar. "* * * and the party have always opposed the big government, which advocates the liberal economy and thinks that it is not advisable for the government to spend more money because of its large deficit; The Democratic Party is more concerned about some social improvements, such as health care reform, which requires the government to spend money. So do more budgeting. In addition, the Democratic Party is worried that drastic cuts in government spending will affect the pace of economic recovery. "

20 13 crisis progress:

On September 27th, 20 13, the US Senate (controlled by the Democratic Party) passed the provisional budget bill to prevent the government from shutting down, and sent it to the House of Representatives (controlled by the Party) for voting, excluding the content of banning the funding for Obama's US health care reform proposed by the Democratic Party. However, the House of Representatives will certainly not give in easily.

20 13 In the early morning of September 29th, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to pass a provisional appropriation bill for two and a half months, which also called for a one-year extension of the implementation of Obama's American health care reform.

On September 30th, 20 13, at 2pm, the US Senate rejected the request of the House of Representatives to postpone Obama's health care reform in the United States for one year and cancel the provisional appropriation bill to levy medical device tax for the implementation of medical reform, which indicates that the risk of non-core departments of the federal government closing down on September 30th 10 is increasing.

The present situation is very delicate. * * * and party members said that they could not accept the Senate version, and House Speaker Boehner said that he would submit another amendment to the Senate on the 30th. * * * And Republicans admit that they can't come up with an amendment at the moment. After all, it is difficult to reconcile the positions of the two parties on whether to provide financial support for the Obamacare reform bill.

According to the legislative procedure of the United States, if the annual budget is not approved, the Senate and the House of Representatives must pass exactly the same version of the provisional appropriation bill and send it to Obama for signature, so as to ensure that the federal government can avoid the lockout crisis. The Senate is scheduled to reconvene on the 30th, leaving little time for bipartisan consultation.

On September 30, 20 13, Obama stressed at the White House press conference that if the non-core departments of the federal government stop working on June 10, 1, it will immediately have a real impact on the lives of the American people and the economic growth of the United States. Although the operations of core departments such as the army, frontier defense, public security and prison guards will not be affected, the post office will continue to operate as usual, the social insurance benefits of retirees will also be paid as usual, and the beneficiaries of medical care projects can still go to hospitals, but hundreds of thousands of civilian government employees will stop working, all national parks will be closed, and the process of applying for government loans by the private sector will be forced to postpone. That night, Sylvia Burwell, director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, announced that the non-core departments of the federal government were forced to close because the federal government's budget for this fiscal year had been exhausted and Congress had not approved the budget or provisional appropriation bill for the new fiscal year. She urged Congress to approve the provisional appropriation bill as soon as possible, so that the government can operate normally and pass the government budget for the new fiscal year as soon as possible.

20 13 10 1, the U.S. federal government began fiscal year 20 14. Because American democracy, * * and the two parties have not yet resolved the government budget differences in the new fiscal year, the non-core departments of the federal government have been forced to close down. How long the federal government's "closed door" storm will last depends on when the two parties can resolve their budget differences. In his televised address to the military, Obama said that although the non-core departments of the federal government were forced to close, the US military at home and abroad would operate normally, and both houses of Congress had passed bills to allow soldiers to receive wages on time during the government's closure. The key reason why the differences between the two parties in the United States cannot be bridged this time lies in the upcoming Obama American health care reform bill. At the same time, the state medical insurance exchanges in the United States will also be opened, which is the core measure to expand the coverage of medical insurance in the American medical insurance reform bill, aiming at providing government-subsidized medical insurance products for Americans without medical insurance.

The closure of the us government has caused the "war" between the two parties to quickly burn to the us debt. Obama and the Ministry of Finance took turns to attack, saying that if the US debt defaulted in half a month, it would trigger a more serious financial crisis than in 2008. By then, more than 730,000 people in the US government have been forced to take vacations.

20 13 10 10 2, the White House informed that Obama had decided to cancel his visit to Malaysia and the Philippines due to the government shutdown.

On 201310/3, President Obama called on Speaker of the House of Representatives Boehner to immediately submit the provisional budget law passed by the Senate to the House of Representatives for voting, thus ending the current farce. On the same day, Warren Buffett, a famous stock god, said in an interview with American Consumer News and Business Channel TV that he was quite worried about the political deadlock and thought that the situation would deteriorate to the point of extreme idiocy, denouncing * * and the party for refusing to implement the US health care reform under the threat of national debt, but predicted that this tactic would not last long.

201310/0/4 October, according to foreign reports, Indonesia indicated that US President Barack Obama would miss the upcoming Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Bali due to the closure of the US federal government.

Obama urgently signs pay bill: 90% Pentagon employees will return to work.

According to Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po (10.7), the shutdown of the US government forced the civilian staff of the Ministry of National Defense to take unpaid leave. However, after studying the military salary bill signed by President Obama before the lockout, the Ministry of Justice believes that the bill is applicable to logistics personnel who directly support the army. Therefore, Defense Minister Hagel has ordered most of the Pentagon's civilian staff to return to their posts this week.

Hale, the deputy defense chief in charge of the audit, said that the actual number of people returning to work is temporarily impossible to estimate, but it is likely to exceed 90%. He said that the number of civilian employees affected by the Ministry of National Defense is about 350,000, less than the reported 400,000. According to this calculation, the number of people returning to work is about 310.5 million, which is equivalent to 40% of all civil servants who are forced to take unpaid leave.

End the federal government shutdown

On the evening of 20131kloc-0/6, the US Senate voted to pass a bill to end the closure of the federal government.

America will reach a budget agreement

20 13 12 16 According to British media reports, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a two-year budget agreement, which will be voted in the Senate to avoid a recurrence of the government shutdown.

According to the report, the budget bill negotiated by * * * and Party Rep. Paul Ryan and Democratic Senator Patty Murray is vague and not specific enough, and it takes an evasive approach to problems with more difficulties and differences. However, the agenda of next year's Congress is all about specific issues, including raising the debt ceiling, funding various government projects, reforming immigration policies and passing agricultural bills.

Crisis impact:

(1) Federal employees can take vacations.

During the government shutdown, only employees of key government departments will work, such as air traffic controllers, border patrol personnel, food supervisors, members of Congress and the President. During a similar government shutdown in 2065, 800,000 of the 265,438+million federal employees were on vacation.

The capital, Washington, litters everywhere.

When the federal government closes, Washington, D.C., will ban the use of local financial funds, and garbage disposal will be suspended.

(3) Can't visit national parks, zoos and museums.

All national parks will be closed (such as the famous Yellowstone National Park). ), visitors to parks and camping areas will be evacuated within 48 hours, and some national museums will be closed. Some visitor centers will also be closed: the Statue of Liberty in new york, the Independence Hall in Philadelphia and the Washington Memorial Tower.

(4) The visa time for foreigners to visit the United States will be delayed.

During the period of 1996, the number of visa applications will reach 20,000-30,000 per day, and there will be a serious backlog.

(5) Market impact