What is the origin of Qu surname?

Qu surname is the164th surname in China today, accounting for about 0.06% of the Han population in China.

There are several opinions about the origin of Qu surname, but the most popular one is from Ji surname. According to "Custom Pass", in the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Hou of Jin Mu established his youngest son as a teacher in Quwo (the old city is now Wenxidong, Shanxi), and later generations took the land as their surname and called it Qu surname.

Shi Cheng, a native of Jin State in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, is the ninth grandson of three sons, the son of Mu, and the younger brother of Wen Houqiu. When Qiu Zi was a Marquis, Uncle Qu Wohuan was named after Uncle Qu Wohuan. The land of Quwo is bigger than the capital of gold, and Uncle Huan's virtue is noble, which is quite popular among Quwo citizens. Pan Fu, the minister at the end of the Jin Dynasty, got to know Uncle Huan, who was defeated by Qu Wo because of the common enemy of Jin people, and died of depression several years later (732 BC). His son Quwo Zhuangbo once mobilized troops to attack Jin, but it didn't work. When it spread to his grandson, Wu's Quwo, the family was strong and popular. He killed three kings in succession (Aihou, Filial Son Hou and Houjin), and took Jin as a vassal, which was called Duke Wu of Jin in history. After the Jin Dynasty, Wu Gong was still a wing of the former capital of Jin (now Yicheng, Shanxi), but the clan who stayed in Quwo took the land as its surname, and later called Uncle Huan of Quwo as its ancestor.

Qu surname originated in Quwo, Shanxi Province, and basically flourished here for a long time after being given the surname. During the Warring States Period, the three countries were divided into Jin, and some Qu surnames entered today's land of Hebei and Henan due to official relations or other reasons. Qu surnames originated from ancestral homes moved to Linfen, Shanxi Province in the north, or moved to Shaanxi between Shanxi and Henan Province in the south, and then entered Shaanxi for various reasons. There was an imperial court in the Qin Dynasty, which was a descendant of Uncle Qu Wohuan. In the Han Dynasty, in addition to the rapid proliferation of Qu family in Linfen, Shaanxi Province and Shanxian County, Henan Province, another family moved northward to Yanmen County, gradually forming a large settlement. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname Qu was popular in Linfen, Shaanxi Province and Shanxian County, Henan Province, with a prosperous population. It was named Pingyang County, Yanmen County and Shaanxi County. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the above-mentioned county names of Qu surname still existed, especially in Anyi, Shaanxi (now Xiaxian, Shanxi), and Qu Huan was its outstanding representative. Some of his descendants who lived in Longyou (now East County of Qinghai) settled here. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Thad entered Annan on official business, and his descendants stayed there. In the Song Dynasty, especially after Zhao and Song Dynasties were partial to the east of the Yangtze River, the number of people migrating to the south of the Yangtze River gradually increased. In the early Ming Dynasty, as one of the surnames of the relocated people, the Qu family in Shaanxi was moved to Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing and other places. From then on to the middle of Qing Dynasty, Qu gradually dispersed in Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other provinces. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Qu surnames from Shandong, Hebei and other places entered the three northeastern provinces in order to make a living, and their descendants stayed there. After liberation, with the development of the Great Northern Wilderness, military reclamation and reclamation, more Qu surnames settled in the northeast.

At present, the Qu surname is widely distributed in China, especially in Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces, where the Qu surname accounts for about 55% of the Han nationality's Qu surname in China.

From the above records, it is not difficult to see that Qu's family basically spread and moved around Quwo, Shanxi. Before the Ming Dynasty, he mainly lived in Shanxi and the border area between Shanxi and Henan. It was the immigration movement in the early Ming Dynasty that made Qu ancestors spread to the northern provinces of China.