World Cultural Heritage of Macao's Historic City

1. How many years is the history of Macau? 2. History of Macao. A complete collection of historical materials of Macao. A brief introduction to the history of Macao. Brief introduction and main points of Macao history. About 100 words. 6. 300 words of Macao historical materials. How big is Macau?

Combining historical records and archaeological excavations, it is confirmed that Macao has a history of at least 5000 years.

At present, from the current situation, there are few cultural relics discovered in Macao from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui Dynasties, and more cultural relics unearthed in Tang Dynasty and later. It is inferred that the population was sparse from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, and more residents moved in and settled in the Tang Dynasty.

Since the Portuguese arrived in Macau in the/kloc-6th century, Macau has become one of the important ports in the East, the gateway to communicate between eastern and western civilizations, and the window to communicate between the west and China people, providing an important platform for the exchange and existence of eastern and western cultures, which has also shaped Macao's rich and varied history and culture.

Before the Portuguese arrived in Macau, there were already fishermen and farmers living in China (_ families and Hakkas). At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Yuan armies fought a water war in the waters near Macau (Crossgate). At that time, the Hakka refugees who fled with the army of the Southern Song Dynasty became residents of Jiu 'ao and Sixth Ring Road. However, the Fulao people immigrated to Australia after the reunification, and there are many relevant documents in Macao.

Since 1557, the Portuguese have gradually settled in Macao, making Macao a large-scale commercial city.

Early history

Since 1970, many archaeological works have been carried out in Macao, and many stone tools and pottery have been found on the outlying islands and roads in Macao, dating back to the Neolithic Age to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Comparing the painted pottery unearthed in Macao with the cultural relics unearthed in the mainland shows that it belongs to the same cultural system as the cultural relics in neighboring areas, and both originated from Daxi culture in the Yangtze River basin.

1995 and in 2006, teachers and students from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Macau excavated a complete jade workshop site in Heisha Park on Huancheng Road. It is inferred that people have been living in Macao since 4000 BC to 2000 BC.

Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already the land of more than 100 Guangdong islands. After Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, Macao belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County.

In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County. In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), the abandoned Xinhui County was changed to Baoan County. It is worth mentioning that at present, cultural relics from Qin, Han and Sui Dynasties have not been found in Macao, while cultural relics from Tang and Song Dynasties have been unearthed in Macao. In 757 AD (Tang Zhide), Baoan County was abandoned and Dongguan County was changed. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province.

According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days mainly lived by fishing and farming, and formed small villages here. Because of wandering at sea for a long time and eager for the protection of the gods, Mazu belief entered Macao.

History of Macao

[Formation of the Macao Question]

Macau has been the territory of China since ancient times. The Macao issue was caused by the corruption and incompetence of China feudal dynasty and the invasion of foreign powers.

1535, the Portuguese obtained the right to dock in Macao and trade; 1553, Portugal entered Macao to live on the grounds of exposing water-stained goods on board and bribing local officials in China; From 65438 to 0557, they paid a certain amount of silver rent to local officials in China every year in exchange for the qualification to live in Macau.

1840 When the Opium War broke out, the late Qing government of China was forced to cede territory and pay reparations under the aggression of western powers. The Portuguese government also took the opportunity to attack. 1845, Portugal issued a decree, publicly declared Macao a "free port", refused to pay the land rent, forcibly seized the door, expelled China officials, and kidnapped China soldiers. In 185 1 and 1864, the X and the Green Ring Islands were forcibly included in its jurisdiction, thus gradually completing the occupation of Macao.

1887, Portugal and the Qing government of China signed the unequal Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, forcing the Qing government to allow Portugal to "permanently administer Macao". However, after many talks, no agreement has been reached on the demarcation issues involved in the treaty. 1928, when the Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade expired for the fourth time, the Kuomintang government of China sent a note to the Portuguese government, announcing the suspension of the treaty and signing a new Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade. The new treaty does not mention the Macao issue, and the status quo of Portugal's occupation of Macao has not changed. 1955, Portugal promulgated the Organic Law of Macao's Overseas Provinces, and regarded Macao as its "overseas colony" without authorization. 1974, an anti-fascist coup took place in Portugal, giving up all overseas colonies and recognizing Macao as the territory of China. 1976 promulgated the Constitution of Macao, stipulating that Macao is a special administrative region under Portuguese rule and enjoys administrative, economic, financial and legislative autonomy. 1979 China and Portugal established diplomatic relations, and the two sides reached an agreement on Macao: Macao is the territory of China and is currently administered by Portugal; The Macao issue is an issue left over from history, and China and Portugal will settle it through friendly consultations at an appropriate time.

Complete works of Macao historical materials

Macau became the territory of China from the Qin Dynasty, and was leased by the Portuguese from 1557 in the Ming Dynasty. The following is some information I have compiled for you for your reference.

It was not until 1887 that the Portuguese government and the Qing government signed the Sino-Portuguese Reconciliation and Trade Treaty, which was valid for 40 years (after the expiration of 1928, Macao became a Portuguese colony and the first territory of European countries in East Asia).

Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already the land of more than 100 Guangdong islands. About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County. In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), the abandoned Xinhui County was changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year of Tang Dynasty to Germany), the abandoned Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here and made a living by fishing and farming.

Since Macao, the sacred territory of China, has been illegally occupied by Portugal since ancient times, the Portuguese of Macao's coat of arms have always enjoyed privileges or special status in Macao during the period of the Australian-Portuguese government, which has made the residents dissatisfied to some extent. From1August 29th, 849, when Shen Zhiliang assassinated Governor Amalio, to1February 3rd, 966, the "December 3rd" incident and the _ Sub-school incident triggered by the Cultural Revolution showed that people were deeply dissatisfied with the Portuguese privileges in Macau. 1On April 25th, 974, the Portuguese revolution was successful, and the new government implemented the policy of decolonization, recognizing that Macao was illegally occupied by Portugal, which was the territory of China under the current Portuguese regime, and Macao's sovereignty belonged to China.

From 65438 to 0986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue. 1April, 1987 13, the two countries signed a joint statement on Macao and its two annexes in Beijing. The joint statement said that Macao (including the Macao Peninsula, the Macao Peninsula and the Sixth Ring Road) is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th. China promised to implement one country, two systems for Macao, and ensured that Macao people enjoyed the right of "a high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao".

1On March 3, 9931,the National People's Congress passed the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing. 1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the handover ceremony venue of the new Macao port. The next morning (65438+February 2 1), the people of Macao welcomed the PLA troops stationed in Macao; At this point, People's Republic of China (PRC) officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.

About the 3rd century: When Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, Macao was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County.

1553: The Portuguese obtained the right of abode in Macao.

1623: The Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao.

1640: After Portugal got rid of Spanish rule, Macao was awarded the title of "CidadedoNomedeDeus" for not surrendering to Spain.

1September 20th, 844: Queen Maria II of Portugal of Portugal declared Macao a free port, which was after the First Opium War. 1849: Portugal stopped paying Macao land rent to China and occupied the gate.

1August 29th, 849: Chinese resident Shen Zhiliang assassinated the governor of Amazon.

185 1 year: Portuguese occupation _ Zi.

1863: Portugal occupied Tashi, Shagang, Xinqiao, Shalitou and Shitang Street.

1864: Portugal occupied the ring road.

1868: The Qing government offered to use/kloc-0.000 million taels of silver to recover Macao's sovereignty, but the Portuguese side refused.

1869: The first post office in Macao was established.

1July 22, 874: Macao was hit by a strong typhoon, killing more than 8,000 people and sinking more than 2,000 ships.

1875 May 3 1: Macao was hit by a strong typhoon, and many people were homeless.

1879: The Portuguese occupied Longtian village.

1883: The Portuguese occupied Wang Xia, Litchi Bay, Shek O and Green Island.

1883 rpm 1885: Macao imports 90,000 tons of opium every year, of which 20,000 tons are smuggled.

1887: The Portuguese government and the Qing government successively signed the Draft Convention of the China-Portugal Conference and the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, stipulating that "the Portuguese state will permanently administer Macao and its affiliated areas, just as the Portuguese region manages other places".

1896: The Portuguese tried to occupy the nearby Qinheng Island again, but failed.

1902: Atlantic bank opens in Macao.

1908: Portugal requests to expand the boundary and demarcate the Macao border. During World War II, Portugal was not occupied by Japan because it was a neutral country and a large number of Japanese lived in Brazil.

1926: A coup took place in Portugal. At the end of the same year, Ba Bosha became the governor of Macao, the first literati governor in Macao.

1929: Macao Post Building was completed, and automatic telephones began to be used in Macao.

1955: Portugal promulgated the organic law of Macao's overseas provinces.

196 1 year: the overseas department of Portugal has designated Macao as a tourist area, especially allowing gambling.

196 1 year 1 1 month: the Macao government promulgated the gambling and entertainment regulations.

1April 25th, 974: Portuguese coup, the new government implements the policy of decolonization, and recognizes that Macao is not a colony, but the territory of China.

1974: Macao Bridge, the first land connection tool in Macao, was completed and put into use.

The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on Macao was signed in Beijing.

February 20: People's Republic of China (PRC) resumes the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.

Brief introduction of Macao history

1, Macao was a hundred before the Qin Dynasty. Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been the territory of China, belonging to Nanhai County. Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County in Guangzhou. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already a land composed of more than 100 islands.

2. About the 3rd century (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macao was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 420, Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County.

3. When the Southern Song Dynasty was overthrown, a large number of China people settled in Macau Peninsula. When hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty retreated from Fujian and arrived in Macao by boat, some may set foot on this peninsula to draw fresh water and find food, and some may even turn this desolate place into a hiding place.

4. Convene the Shalitou Land Temple named "Yongfu Ancient Society" in Macao Peninsula, which was said to have been built in the late Southern Song Dynasty. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, residents in Wang Xia, Haojiang and other places on the Macao Peninsula have settled down.

Since then, the population of Macao has increased slightly. However, due to the small place, less arable land and less products, it is not easy to reproduce based on life. Until the middle of16th century, that is, during the Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty.

Brief introduction and main points of Macao history. About 100 words.

Macau belonged to China after Qin Shihuang's three visits to Lingnan. It was leased to the Portuguese from 1557 in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but the government was established in the Ming Dynasty. Until 1849, Portugal stopped paying land rent to the Qing dynasty and occupied the city gate; 1887, Portugal signed the Sino-Portuguese Reconciliation and Trade Treaty with the Qing Dynasty, which was valid for 40 years (1928 expired, and Macao became a Portuguese colony.

In 1960s, Portugal and China discussed the future of Macao, and then signed the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration in 1987. On February 20th, 1999,/kloc-0, Portugal handed over the sovereignty of Macao to China under the principle of one country, two systems, with Macao people ruling Macao with a high degree of autonomy.

Macao is an independent economy, among which tourism and gambling are important industries. Especially after the transfer of sovereignty, the gambling rights have been opened, and now it has developed into "the largest gambling city in the world". Macao has the highest population density in the world, with a population of over 20,000 per square kilometer.

In 20 17, Macao's per capita GDP was US$ 78,586 at the international exchange rate, ranking second in the world. Macao's gross national income per capita in 20 17 years is 102480 USD at purchasing power parity, ranking second in the world.

Extended data:

1553, the Portuguese bribed Wang Bai, the deputy envoy of Guangdong Criminal Investigation Bureau in the Ming Dynasty, under the pretext of "borrowing land to dry goods", and was allowed to live in Macao Peninsula temporarily.

1557, the Ming dynasty set up a Japanese patrol series in Xiangshan county, commonly known as the Australian official yamen. In addition to paying the shipping tax to Guangdong Shipping Company in Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese also paid a bribe of 520 taels of silver every year to consolidate their position in Macao.

157 1 year, when the Portuguese paid 500 taels of silver to the island's deputy envoy at the Guangzhou Fair, the Guangdong envoy was present, which translated as the "land rent silver" paid to the Ming government, and the bribed officials had to turn it over to the state treasury. Since then, Portuguese bribes have become land rent.

1574, the Ming dynasty set up a sluice in Lianhua trunk, which was managed by the deputy envoy of coastal defense. 1608, Xiangshan county magistrate Cai Shanji promulgated "Ten Rules for Controlling Macao" to strengthen management.

1623, the Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao. In the following hundreds of years, Macau has been the base for the world to communicate with China and its neighbors, even during the Spanish rule.

1640 when Portugal got rid of Spanish rule, Macao was awarded the title of "City of the Holy Name of God" for not surrendering to Spain. Macao is famous for its communication between China and the West in history. It played an important role in the "western learning spreading to the east" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and also played an important role in the operation of the world economy.

1685, the Qing Dynasty set up customs in Guangzhou, Zhangzhou, Ningbo and Yuntai Mountain respectively, and merged Macao Customs into Guangzhou Customs, renamed Macao Customs, 1 person, with 2 family members.

173 1 year, the Qing Dynasty established Xiancheng Yamen in Xiangshan County, the former stronghold of Macao. 1744, the Qing Dynasty also established the Chengyamen County and the Macao Garrison.

1748, China people Li Tingfu and Jane Yaer committed crimes, and Portuguese soldiers stationed in were arrested at the big battery. They were beaten to death by Portuguese soldiers because they refused to confess. Menezes, the governor of Australia and Portugal, refused to hand over the murderer. The following year, after many negotiations, menezes handed over the murderer. This incident led the Qing Dynasty to promulgate the Regulations on Macao and the Rehabilitation of Righteousness in 1749, which further strengthened the Qing Dynasty's control over Macao.

1783 On April 4th, the Portuguese Minister of Maritime and Overseas Affairs Castro issued an imperial edict to the governors of Portugal and India in the name of Queen Donna Maria I of Portugal, which was later called a royal patent.

1807, the first French Empire under Napoleon I occupied Portugal. In July of the following year, the British army invaded Macao on the pretext of defending Macao from French occupation, and then withdrew in June of that year under the pressure of the Qing government.

1849, Portugal stopped paying land rent to the Qing dynasty and occupied the city gate. 185 1 year, occupying _ Zi 1863, occupying Tashi, Shagang, Xinqiao, Shali and other places; 1864, occupying the road loop.

1879, the occupied Longtian village; 1883, Wang Xia village (Wang Xia, Litchi Bay, Shi 'ao, Green Island) was occupied and island city was established.

1887, Portugal forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, which stipulated that China agreed to Portugal's "permanent residence and management of Macao", but Portugal could never transfer Macao to other countries without China's consent.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty (1908), Portugal demanded to expand the border and demarcate the border of Macao, and Macao officially became a Portuguese colony.

1937 During the July 7th Incident, Japan invaded China in an all-round way and occupied Guangzhou the following year. 194 1 occupied Hong Kong. Portugal remained neutral in World War II, so the Australian and Portuguese governments also declared neutrality, but the Japanese army basically blocked Macao's economy and used Macao as an intelligence base.

After the war 1955, Portugal promulgated the organic law of Macao's overseas provinces. 196 1 year, the Portuguese Ministry of Overseas Affairs designated Macao as a tourist area, especially allowing gambling. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Australian and Portuguese governments promulgated the Gambling and Entertainment Regulations.

1On April 25th, 974, the carnation revolution broke out in Portugal. The neo-literati government implemented the policy of decolonization and abandoned all colonies, and the Portuguese troops stationed in Australia began to gradually withdraw. However, China and Portugal have not yet established diplomatic relations. China does not want Macao to become a Portuguese colony before the handover of sovereignty to Hong Kong, so it recognizes Macao as the territory of China under the current Portuguese regime.

1975 65438+February 3 1, the last Portuguese troops in Macao withdrew. Until the return of Macao in 1999, there was no garrison in the city for the time being.

1976 17 In February, Portugal promulgated the Constitution of Macao in the form of law 1/76, which is the constitutional document governing Macao by Portugal.

1979, China and Portugal established diplomatic relations. During 1986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments held four rounds of negotiations on the future of Macao. On April 13 of the following year, Zhao Ziyang, Prime Minister of the State Council, China, and Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal, signed the Joint Statement on Macao and two annexes.

According to the joint statement, Macao (including Macao Peninsula, Macao Peninsula and Sixth Ring Road) is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will exercise sovereignty over Macao on February 20th. 1999.

1993 On March 3 1, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China passed the Basic Law of Macao (chapter 9, * * *, 145, with three annexes, promulgated by Jiang Zemin, president, China at that time.

1 At 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the leaders of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of Macao Special Administrative Region, held a handover ceremony for the new reclamation area in Xingang, Macao, to hand over Macao's sovereignty. At noon that day, the PLA troops stationed in Macao entered Macao; At this point, China officially exercised Macao's sovereignty.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Macau

Historical materials of Macao are 300 words.

History of Macao:

Macau became the territory of China from the Qin Dynasty, and was leased by the Portuguese from 1557 in the Ming Dynasty. It was not until 1887 that the Portuguese government and the Qing government signed the Sino-Portuguese Reconciliation and Trade Treaty, which was valid for 40 years (after the expiration of 1928, Macao became a Portuguese colony and the first territory of European countries in East Asia).

Gundam 1966 12.3 The "12.3" incident triggered by the Cultural Revolution and the _ Sub-school incident showed that the people were always deeply dissatisfied with the Portuguese privileges in Macao.

1On April 25th, 974, the Portuguese revolution was successful, and the new government implemented the policy of decolonization, recognizing that Macao was illegally occupied by Portugal, which was the territory of China under the current Portuguese regime, and Macao's sovereignty belonged to China.

From 65438 to 0986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue. 1April, 1987 13, the two prime ministers signed a joint statement on Macao and its two annexes in Beijing. The joint statement said that Macao (including the Macao Peninsula, the Macao Peninsula and the Sixth Ring Road) is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th.

Extended data

Macao used to be a small fishing village. Its real name is Haojing or Haojing 'ao, and it was called "Macau" because it could be called "Macau" at that time. Macau and its vicinity are rich in oysters, so later generations changed the name to a more elegant "Hao Jing".

A Brief History of Macau published during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty said: "The name of Hao Jing was written in the history of Ming Dynasty. East-west five or six miles, north-south half way, north-south two bays, you can park. Or the North and South Bay, round as a mirror, is called a mirror. " From this name, a series of Macao aliases such as Haojiang, Haijing and Jinghai were derived.

The name Macao comes from Mazu. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553), the Portuguese obtained the right of abode in Macau from the Guangdong local government of the Ming Dynasty at that time, and became the first Europeans to enter China.

At that time, the Portuguese landed near Mazu Tempel and asked the local people about the place names here. Because it is next to Mazu Tempel, the local people answered Mazu, so they named Macao (Portuguese transliteration of Mazu Tempel), and the mainland often spelled Macao.

Regional flag of the macao special administrative region is a five-star lotus green flag. The regional flag of the Macao Special Administrative Region is a green flag with five stars, lotus flowers, small bridges and seawater. The aspect ratio is 3:2. The five five-pointed stars arranged in an arc symbolize the unity of the country and the resumption of the exercise of sovereignty by the people of China and China over Macao, which is an inalienable part of the motherland.

Lotus in bud is a favorite flower variety of Macao residents. It is not only related to ancient names such as "Lotus Island", "Lotus Land", "Lotus Stem" and "Lotus Peak", but also symbolizes the future prosperity and development of Macao. The three petals indicate that Macao consists of the Macao Peninsula and two affiliated islands, namely, the Macao Peninsula and the Macao Ring Road. Bridges and seawater reflect the characteristics of Macao's natural environment. The background color symbolizes peace and tranquility, implying that Macau is surrounded by China's territorial waters.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Macau