What does the word "____" mean in Li Bai's poem? An introduction to the history of Shu culture!

Today, Xiaoyi Search brings you the meaning of "___" in Li Bai's poems. I hope it can help you.

Speaking of Li Bai, a great poet, a The poet, one of the greatest poets, everyone should still remember that Li Bai had an interesting exclamation, which is "Hehehehe". Recently, Xiaoyi Search saw an analysis of what Li Bai said. "Hehehe" is today's "hehe". Let's take a look!

What does "Don't leave it alone" mean when people in Sichuan say it? < /p>

The old saying "Hu Hu" is called "Oh Hu" or "Oh Hu" in Sichuan. "Oh, the bowl is broken." "Oh, I'm late." "" He took the medicine and turned off his phone. Oh-ho. "Oh, ho, it's time to get up." " all have different meanings. If you use two different tones, it will be more difficult to understand.

Nanjing was the ancient capital of ten dynasties. Maybe you have not thought that Chengdu, a typical "immigration city", had many What’s going on in Nanjing?

You’ve drank a lot of Sichuan wine, but have you ever drank “glass wine”?

Southwestern Communications "An Examination of the Middle and Ancient Shu Language" written by university professor Wang Qiming won the first prize of the 18th Peking University Wang Li Linguistics Award. The "Wang Li Linguistics Award" is regarded as the highest award in the field of linguistics in my country. It has been vacant for many years. The Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star News reporter learned that the academic community has been lacking in consideration of the authenticity of the Middle and Ancient Shu Language. , it is of great significance to find the roots of Bashu culture

So, how did it evolve from ancient Shu language to today’s Sichuan dialect? 1 On March 6, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star News interviewed Professor Wang Qiming and unveiled the mystery of ancient Shu dialect.

1. Millennium changes

The differences between ancient Shu dialect and Sichuan dialect. Very far.

According to the "Research on the Middle and Ancient Shu Language", the development of Shu language is systematically sorted out and discussed based on the literature. According to the evolution of regional names and administrative affiliations, the dialects of Shu in the medieval period are summarized. It was called "Shu dialect" during the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, and was called "Sichuan dialect" after the Qing Dynasty. The term "Sichuan dialect" first appeared in Ge Hong's "Baopuzi" in the Jin Dynasty and Huang's "Bu" in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Notes on Du Shi". As for the Sichuan dialect, due to the establishment of the Daxi regime in Sichuan by the Qing army at the end of the Ming Dynasty, more than ten or seven original Sichuan people have left. /p>

"Shu dialect is Shu dialect, but it cannot be called Sichuan dialect. The reason why the term 'Sichuan dialect' is used is because the historical Shu dialect is very different from today's Sichuan dialect." Wang Qiming added, "But Sichuan dialect evolved on the basis of the medieval Shu dialect."

Wang Qiming pointed out that in the medieval period, Shu people was a relatively broad concept, including all ethnic groups living in Shu. . Therefore, during its long history, Shu language was a mixture of multiple languages, rather than a single language. "During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shu experienced three major events, which brought great changes to the Shu language. First, the Liao people entered Shu. According to records, in the early Western Jin Dynasty, there were only more than 200,000 people in Sichuan, but there were more than 100,000 households. People came to the core of Sichuan. Secondly, a large number of northwest refugees came to Sichuan from Gansu and other places. They also established the Hancheng regime, which existed for more than 50 years, but the original residents of Sanshu fled to the east. After they came to the south, the languages ??of the north and the south came into contact. "Wang Qiming said that these three events almost changed the overall structure of the Shu people and the face of the Shu language.

"Not only that, according to records in the "Book of Han", Guanzhong, northwest, and Shandong were devastated in the early Han Dynasty, and a large number of people poured into Shu; later officials, criminals, strongmen, etc. all came to Shu. During the Three Kingdoms period, most of Liu Bei's troops were from the north and came to Shu. Therefore, the Shu language is based on the ancient Shu language and combines the languages ??of different periods and groups."

Wang Qi. Ming said that the inclusiveness of Tianfu culture can also be traced back to this. "Sichuan is very open and tolerant. Whether they are court officials or refugees begging for food, Sichuan welcomes them with open arms. It can be said that Chengdu is a city of immigrants. And the Shu language has a lot of contact and integration with other dialects and minority languages, so Shu The language became very complex and impure."

2. It has been passed down to this day.

Some Shu languages ??are still spoken.

In the 1980s, Wang Qiming and four other scholars compiled "Dialect", "Xu Dialect", Zhang Shenyi's "Dialect Bielu", and "Shu Dialect". Shu vocabulary is listed. It is clear at a glance which Shu languages ??have disappeared and which Shu languages ??are still alive today.

For example, sugar cane is called "sugar cane" in Shu language. "Shu language describes form, now it's called taste." Wang Qiming said.

In Sichuan dialect, there are some very distinctive words, such as "Dongluanzi", "Dongzui", "Dong", "Yuanba", "Suba" which represent human body parts in Ba movies ", "Baba Baba", "Bai Yu", etc. are still in use today.

Not only that, some words with Sichuan dialect characteristics have been used since the Shu language stage.

"For example, Sichuan people often say 'Lao Tzu', which has been used by the ancestors of Sichuan for a long time. It originally referred to the father. Later, the younger generations showed their talents and often said, 'I want to marry my son'. This The words have been generalized," Wang Qiming said with a smile.

What Sichuan people now call "skimming" is also in Shu dialect, which means free and easy, simple, plain, relaxed and relaxed. There is also a word that Sichuan people often say, "cuojiajia", which is also an ancient Shu language. According to literature, Shu people call the dirt on their bodies "Jia Jia".

Wang Qiming mentioned that there is another interesting modal particle. "The first sentence in Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult", '___________2222222222;22222222222;2222 But this word has multiple meanings in dialects, and the meaning is not limited to this. In addition to Li Bai often using Shu language in his poems, many Sichuan poets also use it in their poems

Su Shi came out of Shu at the age of 21, and his dialect has influenced Hainan to this day. "Cui Xian", "Xiuyuan Cai" and other Shu dialects mentioned in his works can be seen everywhere. He also calls his dialect Dongpo dialect. "

Du Fu, who has lived in Sichuan for a long time, said in "Wen Husi Liu Guan Didn't Return" that "the bandit police are deep and overgrown with weeds, and the soil is so cold that it smokes." The "stall" here " is a kind of Shu language, meaning pot, and is now called a pot. Du Fu's poems and Lu You's poems mostly use Sichuan dialect, which has long been noticed by predecessors.

3. Chengdu is called "Nanjing" for five years.

Language History

The word "Uncle" became popular on the Internet a few years ago. Everyone calls it another name for Uncle, also called Uncle Wei. In fact, the word "sorghum" was used in ancient Shu language. "Now everyone calls it sorghum, but few people say it. "

At the same time, Wang Qiming mentioned the record in "Shuowen Jiezi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Shu people call their mother sister," which means that Sichuan people at that time called their mother sister. This is the integration of ancient Qiang language into ancient Shu

Another example is that Lu You once went to Meishan and wrote a poem after drinking: "I was so happy in Shu language that I still felt like my hometown. Gingerbread and wine glass, when will you accompany me? "There is also a note at the end of the poem: "Glass Spring, the name of the county wine, is also the crown of Xizhou. "But the history does not say what kind of wine it is. It turns out that there is a glass river outside the local east gate, and the wine brewed with the water in the river is called "glass wine".

In the interview, Shu language was mentioned many times The history behind the changes. “From the study of language, we can get a glimpse of original policy changes, immigration changes, ethnic integration, cultural integration and other phenomena. For example, when we studied the word "Shu" in Du Fu's poems, we found that his poem "Plum Rain" said, "On Xipu Road, Nanjing, yellow plums are ripe in April." During Huang's "Supplementary Notes on Du Shi", "Nanjing, Chengdu is also the capital" was written down. We reviewed a large number of documents and finally found that from 757 AD to 762 AD, Shu County was changed to Nanjing, so the saying that Chengdu was called Nanjing existed for five years. ”

It is understood that the academic circle calls "A Textual Research on the Middle and Ancient Shu Language" the pioneering work in the study of the Middle and Ancient Shu Language. This is also based on the fact that this book was written in the study of language, and its significance is in the study of language. "A Textual Research on Middle and Ancient Shu Language" concludes that Bashu culture is one of the sources of Chinese civilization, and ancient Shu language is one of the sources of Chinese language, the predecessor of Chinese language, through mutual verification of literature, language, historical migration, and archaeology.

“Learning a language is actually learning history. There may be a history behind a simple statement. "Speaking of the use and disappearance of these words, Wang Qiming said.

Do you understand these ancient Shu dialects?

"Skimming" is not rigid, free and easy, simple, plain and relaxed , easy.

“Oh, ho! "Oh!

"Rub clothes" to scrub away the dirt on your body.

Lao Tzu's father

"Mom" sister

"Sugar cane" Sugar cane

"Corn" sorghum