Physical geography of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County

The territory is the southeast extension of Changbai Mountain range. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. There are as many as 240 large and small mountains.

Lots of seats. The main peaks are Jiucaidingzi Mountain, Xida Dingzi, Daaoling and Changlazi, all of which are above 1032 meters above sea level.

Within the jurisdiction of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Changbai Mountain is the Qian Shan Mountain Range that runs through the whole territory from east to west, starting from Dongying Square and Lanheyu in the east and reaching Zhanglianshan Pass in Caohe in the south, forming the southeast roof belt. Most of the peaks in the county 1000 meters are distributed here, with an average elevation of about 600 meters. Caohecheng and Caohekou, located at the southern foot of Qian Shan, are hilly areas in the south, with an average elevation of about 400 meters. In the middle of the county is the Taizihe fault zone. There are many feather-like faults on both banks, forming a small sedimentary plain with Prince Valley as the center line, with an average elevation of less than 300 meters. The northern part of the county is hilly, with gentle mountains and an average elevation of 450 meters. Overlooking the county seat, the terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The highest mountain in the county is the top of Bulaigou Village, Dongying Square Township, with an altitude of 13 10 m; The lowest absolute height is 120m, which is the exit of Taizi River in Beisanjiazi Village, Pianling Town.

The mountainous area of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County accounts for 82.7%. There are nearly 10,000 peaks and more than 28,000 ravines in the territory, including 289 peaks with an altitude of 800-1000 meters and 7 peaks with an altitude of 1 17.

The famous peaks in the county are: Maocaodingzi Mountain, with an altitude of 126. 1 m. Located 7 kilometers northeast of Xilaoyinggou, yang hu Gou Village, Dongying Fang Township, it is the boundary mountain of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Xinbin County and Huanren County. Daaoling is located 4 kilometers southeast of Xiaosiping in yang hu Gou Village, Dongying Fang Township, with an altitude of 1 125.9 meters. The mountain is gentle, with little soil, fertilizer and stones and dense forests. Monk Maozi Mountain is located in the southwest of Huangbaiyu, Lanheyu Township 10 km, with an altitude of 1244.4 meters. It is the boundary mountain between Benxi and Fengcheng, 4 kilometers away from Songjia Street, Hubao Village, Caohezhang Town, Benxi Manchu Autonomous Region. West Dading Mountain (also known as Baishilazi) is located 5 kilometers southeast of the villagers' group in Zhendong Street, Shancheng Town, with an altitude of 1 146 meters. Biaozilazi is located behind Shangbao Village in a small town, with an altitude of 1032.7 meters, about 6 kilometers away from the county town. The steep mountain is the highest peak on the north bank of Taizi River. Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is located in the middle latitude, belongs to the humid climate zone in the middle temperate zone, and has obvious monsoon and continental climate characteristics. The main climatic characteristics are four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine, moderate temperature and simultaneous rain and heat, which are favorable conditions for human survival and the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

The average annual temperature in Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is 6℃ ~ 8℃ (data of Benxi city, including 6. 1℃ in Caohekou Town). The first day when the daily average temperature is stable at 10℃ is April 20th-30th, and the whole day is February 2nd-9th, 156- 172 days.

Affected by monsoon environment and topography, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County is rich in precipitation. The annual precipitation is 800- 1000 mm. In addition to the alternation of winter and summer monsoon every year, seasonal rain comes as scheduled, and topographic precipitation and convective rain often moisten the countryside. Although the dry and wet seasons are distinct, there is no long drought without rain. The melting of snow in early spring eased the spring drought and ensured the moisture content of spring sowing. Winter precipitation is the least, accounting for only 4% of the total annual precipitation; Spring and autumn followed, accounting for 15% and 20% respectively; Summer is the most, reaching about 500 mm, accounting for 6 1% of the annual precipitation, concentrated in July and August.

The monsoon characteristics of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County are obvious, with dry and cold northerly winds in winter and humid southerly winds in summer. Because Benxi County is located in the mountainous area, with mountainous peaks and dense forests, it has formed a natural wind barrier, so the wind speed is smaller than that in the plain area. The annual average wind speed is only 2.5m/s, and the maximum wind speed can reach 3.6m/s from March to May. Benxi Manchu Autonomous County has excellent water conservation capacity in deep mountains and dense forests, and springs and streams converge into rivers, which are rich in water resources. Domestic water systems are mainly divided into Yellow Sea water system and Bohai Sea water system. Taking the watershed between Benxi Lanhe and Fengcheng as the boundary, Lingnan is the Yellow Sea water system, and Lingbei is the Bohai Sea water system. Caohe River flows into Yalu River and Yellow Sea, Taizi River flows into Hunhe River and Daliao River flows into Bohai Sea. Small rivers with a length of less than 5 kilometers 1297, and 88 rivers with a length of more than 5 kilometers. Among them, there are five large rivers. These rivers are rich in water in summer and reduced in winter, and have been in the ice age for about 5 months. Most rivers flow through hard rocks, covered with forest vegetation, and the river has less sediment concentration. The river bed gradient in mountainous areas is relatively large, with the average annual total surface runoff of 65.438+35.4 million cubic meters and the total hydropower reserves of 65.438+10 million kilowatts. The seven rivers have great potential for water conservancy and electric power development.

The main rivers in the territory are: Taizi River, which was called Yanshui, Daliangshui, Lianghe and Taizi River in ancient times. Taizi River is a major river in Liaohe River system. Its source and main stream are divided into north branch and south branch. The south Taizi River originated in Dongying Fang Township. The North Taizi River originates from Hongyan Gou, Pingdingshan Town, Xinbin County, and joins the South Taizi River in Machengzi Village, Nandian Town. The Taizi River basin covers an area of 2,547 square kilometers, with a total length of 173.2 kilometers, and the river gradient is 5.6%. The river is clear, with low sediment concentration (197.2g/m3) and average annual runoff10.2 billion m3. There are abundant aquatic resources here, which historically benefited from shipping. Tanghe River, 50 kilometers long, is the longest tributary of Taizi River, with a drainage area of 408 square kilometers, a river gradient of 6% and an average annual runoff of 65.438+0.7 billion cubic meters. Tangheyuan rises from Caohezhang on the south slope of North Jia Cun, Kei Ma, and joins Tang Chi Zishui in the northwest of Hubao Village. Beitanghe enters Guanmenshan Reservoir, flows downstream through small towns and villages such as Xiangmo and Zhangjiabao, and finally flows into Taizi River. Xihe River, which originated at the foot of Baiyun Mountain in Fengcheng, flows through Lianshanguan Town of Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, flows through Nanfen District of Benxi City to the north and enters Taizi River in Qiaotou Town to the west. Caohe River, with a domestic flow of 52.5 kilometers, originates from the south slope of Zhangdamiao watershed in Caohe River, flows through Caohe Zhanghe and Caohe City, and joins Weihe River in Fengcheng. Qinghe River originates from the southern slope of the north of Jia Cun, Qinghe Town, flows southward, turns eastward and flows into Guanyinge Reservoir. 1September 1995 15, Guanyinge Reservoir, a large-scale water conservancy construction project in Liaoning Province, held a grand completion ceremony. Guanyinge Reservoir Dam, located on Taizi River in Xiaoshi Town, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, has been completed and stored after six years of intense construction. Guanyinge Reservoir is a key water conservancy project in Liaoning Province during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period. The world's advanced RCC dam construction technology is adopted. It's a Sino-Japanese cooperation project and a loan from the Japanese government. The dam is104m long and 82m high, with a total storage capacity of 265,438+68 million cubic meters and a drainage area of 2,795 square kilometers. The main task of the reservoir hub is to give priority to urban industrial water supply and flood control, with comprehensive benefits such as power generation, irrigation, fish farming and tourism. After the completion, the flood control capacity of Benxi City has been improved from once every 50 years to once every 500 years. The flood control capacity of Liaoyang City, located in the lower reaches of Taizi River, has been increased from 100 to 500 years. Qian, Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Yang Zhenhuai, former Minister of Water Resources, Zhou, Vice Minister of Water Resources, Gu, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Wen Shizhen, Governor and other leading party and government officials in cities and counties, as well as members of the Japanese House of Representatives and former Minister of Construction Jin Bu, who came to participate in the celebration, cut the ribbon for the completion of the reservoir.