The Qin army was clearly able to defeat the Huns, but why was the Han army suppressed by the Huns?

The Xiongnu were a powerful nomadic people active in the north during the Qin and Han Dynasties. After Qin Shihuang pacified the six kingdoms, facing the threat of the Xiongnu from the north, he sent General Meng Tian to the north to defeat the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu did not dare to go south for a time, but in the early Western Han Dynasty In 2008, we all have the impression that the Siege of Baideng took place, and it was even rumored that Liu Bang used Chen Ping's plan and bribed the women around the Xiongnu Chanyu with a lot of money to escape. The Han army also experienced many years of war. Why did it take so long? Suppressed by the Huns?

Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty after five years of Chu-Han War, which consumed a lot of national power. The tiger and wolf divisions that had been rigorously trained and organized for many years in the Qin Dynasty no longer exist, and some were just peasant rebels. Although after 4 ~Five years of war experience are indeed not comparable to those of the Tiger and Wolf Division back then. In addition, generals who were capable of fighting, including Han Xin and Ying Bu, were almost eliminated and killed by Liu Bang. Therefore, in the early Han Dynasty, combat effectiveness and other aspects were indeed inferior to those of Qin Shihuang. In addition, the Qin army was far superior to the early Han army and the Huns in terms of military technology, military technology, and combat experience. The Qin army that Qin Shihuang swept across Liuhe was indeed the strongest army in China at that time.

Of course, we must admit that the Qin Dynasty fought a battle of expulsion, just drive them away, while the Han Dynasty fought a battle of decisive battles and annihilation. The difficulty of the two is completely different, and the Qin Dynasty only defended the Xiongnu, and did not attack the Huns. There was no decent encirclement and annihilation battle. The Xiongnu faced by the Western Han Dynasty had become stronger, and the peace policy was a wise choice of the Han Dynasty at that time, which gave the Han Dynasty a chance to breathe. During this period, although Maodun Chanyu had humiliated Empress Lu, he basically did not violate any boundaries.

One more point to explain is that the siege of Baideng was not a failure of the Han army. Liu Bang was besieged because he was too aggressive and led the leading troops to be seized by the Xiongnu. They besieged Baideng. However, the main force of the Han army was not besieged, but marched towards Baishan Mountain under the leadership of Zhou Bo. The historical records about this period of history are very interesting. "Historical Records. The Chronicles of Emperor Gaozu" In the seventh year, the Xiongnu attacked King Xinmayi of Han, and Xinyin rebelled against Taiyuan. Baitu Manqiuchen and Wang Huang established the old Zhao general Zhao Li as king to rebel, and Gaozu went to attack him. It was cold in the meeting, and two or three soldiers had their fingers broken, so they arrived at Pingcheng. The Huns surrounded me and leveled the city, and then stopped after seven days. ?

Sima Qian was a bit unkind here. He deliberately stopped writing when Liu Bang was besieged. He didn't even write about how to rescue the siege. It was recorded in "Hanshu. Gaodi Ji",?

< p>In the winter and tenth month of the seventh year, the superior general attacked King Xin of Han at Tongtan and beheaded his general. Xin fled to the Huns, and their generals Manqiuchen and Wang Huang made Zhao Li, the queen of Zhao, king. They collected Xin's scattered troops and separated from the Han Dynasty with the Xiongnu. We fought continuously from Jinyang, taking advantage of the victory to drive north. When we arrived at Loufan, we encountered a severe cold, and even two or three soldiers fell down. Then he arrived at Pingcheng and was surrounded by the Xiongnu. In seven days, he used Chen Ping's secret plan to get it. ?

Taken together, Chen Ping missed the plan, but he did not specify what the plan was. I personally do not agree with the Yan family who bribed the Xiongnu Chanyu. How could a Xiongnu Chanyu be so obedient to a woman? A hero.

The record in "Historical Records. Jianghou Zhou Bo Family" is?

The general defeated the Han king Xin Yudai from Gaodi and surrendered the Huo people. Go to Wuquan in the past, attack Hu Qi, and break the north of Wuquan. Then he turned to attack Han Xin's army, Tongtan, and defeated it. Return and surrender to the six cities of Taiyuan. Attack Han Xin and Hu's cavalry going down to Jinyang, break it and go down to Jinyang. Then he attacked Han Xin's army at Qianshi, broke it, and pursued it for eighty miles to the north. They also attacked the three cities of Loufan. Because they attacked Hu Qiping at the foot of the city, there were many soldiers on the road. Bo moved to Taiwei. ?

This record is basically the same as the "Book of Han". It can be seen that on the whole, the Han army won most of the time. It was the existence of Zhou Bo's army that allowed Liu Bang to escape safely, so It is said that the Siege of Baideng was not a defeat for the Han army. It only made Liu Bang realize that the Huns' cavalry was too flexible and mobile and could not find the main force of the Huns for a decisive battle. Coupled with the weak national strength, the Han army could not fight head-on with them for the time being, so he chose to make peace with them. Relative is a wise choice.

Relatively speaking, during the Qin Dynasty, the most powerful one on the grassland was Donghu. At this time, the Xiongnu were still succumbing to Donghu's lust, and Maodun served as Donghu's hostage. During the Warring States Period, the northern countries continued to expand northward and continued to suppress the grassland peoples. Therefore, the grassland peoples never truly became strong. The rise of the Xiongnu was after the death of the First Emperor. The Second Emperor gave up the Qin's sphere of influence in Hetao and other places. The Xiongnu obtained the materials left by the Qin people before they unified the grassland. Furthermore, the Xiongnu during the Qin Dynasty were not the overlords of the grassland, they were just It was just a relatively large tribe in Munan. The overlord of the grassland at that time was the Dayue clan. At that time, the Huns were relatively backward and their technology was basically in the Stone Age. They were no match for the Dayue clan who had just entered bronze and Qin who was already at the peak of bronze. At the same time, Because he was living in the south of Mu, there was not much strategic space to move, so he was easily pinned to the ground and rubbed by the Qin Dynasty.

After Qin defeated the Huns and called them daddy, he started a new expedition plan. While establishing the Great Wall defense line as a starting position, he also immigrated to strengthen the production capacity at the border and shortened the supply lines. Then the main army was in chaos at home. Going south, a large number of facility workers did not evacuate in time, allowing the Xiongnu to obtain it, causing the Xiongnu technology to instantly climb to the mid-bronze stage. It was precisely because the Xiongnu gained this advantage that they were able to overwhelm the Yuezhi and finally unify the grassland, and then turned around to face the In the Han Dynasty, the population in the early Han Dynasty declined, and technology was in the transition stage from bronze to black iron. Faced with the population explosion, the explosion of technology, and the sufficient strategic space in the south and north of the curtain, the Xiongnu naturally could not defeat them.

It can also be understood that Qin expelled the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu did not dare to pastor in the south for decades. In the past few decades, the Qin Dynasty fell apart. Although the Han Dynasty once again unified the Central Plains, it had long-term melee, population dropped sharply, and productivity regressed. The combat effectiveness of the army is no longer what it used to be! The Xiongnu cultivated themselves for decades, and their population and horses recovered! It can be said that in the early days, Zhao State severely attacked the Xiongnu by using defense instead of attack. In the later period, the Qin Dynasty improved Zhao State's offensive method by using defense instead of attack to contain the rising Xiongnu. In the end, the Han Dynasty ended with preemptive strike and surprise victory. The regime of the Xiongnu in the desert. Every ancestor who resisted the Huns made a huge contribution to the survival and development of the Chinese nation. Without the contributions of previous princes or dynasties, there would be no brilliance of subsequent dynasties, so there is no need for me to say which dynasty was better at resisting foreign enemies. sharp.