What is the difference between the independence of Haiti, Brazil and Spanish American colonies?

Prepare for the world modern history exam, right-sort out the differences yourself.

1. Haiti became independent. Haiti is located in the west of Santo Domingo, the second largest island in the Caribbean. It was originally a Spanish colony. After 1697, it was occupied by France and gradually developed into the richest colony overseas. Black people in Haiti launched many uprisings against the oppression and racial discrimination of French colonists. Under the influence of the French Revolution, in August of 179 1, Toussaint L'Ouverture led the slaves to revolt under the slogans of "fighting for freedom" and "would rather die than be a slave", and soon took control of most of Haiti's territory. 1793, Spain invaded from the eastern part of the island under the banner of "supporting the liberation of slaves". Toussaint saw through Spain's plot to occupy Haiti and drove away the interfering army. Britain also used the French planter's request for help as an excuse to send troops to land from the west of the island. The rebels in Toussaint became more and more brave, forcing the British colonial army to surrender. 180 1 year, Toussaint established a government headed by him and declared Haiti's independence; Promulgate the constitution and declare the abolition of slavery. Napoleon tried to rebuild the French colonial empire after he seized the French regime. 1802 thirty thousand French expeditionary forces invaded Haiti, trapped and killed Tucson. The Haitian people fought harder and won the final victory. Haiti officially declared its independence on 1804. Haiti's independence set a shining example for small countries to defeat big countries and slaves to liberate themselves, which greatly inspired the struggle of the entire Latin American people for independence and freedom.

2. Spain and Latin America are independent. Spain's Latin American War of Independence was roughly divided into two stages and three battlefields. In the first stage, from 18 10 to 18 15, all Spanish Latin American colonies except Peru launched armed uprisings. Colonial rule fell apart because it lost the support of its home country. Independent regimes were initially established in various places. However, the indigenous whites who mastered the leadership of the movement did not put forward the political and economic reform plan that the broad masses of the people urgently needed, nor did they mobilize Indians and blacks to participate in the revolution; The struggles in various regions lack cooperation and are scattered. With the collapse of Napoleon Empire and the restoration of Spanish Bourbon Dynasty, most independent regimes were destroyed by colonial forces. At present, the main battlefields are in Mexico and Central America. The Mexican independence movement is characterized by being more popular. Most of the leaders of the uprising were poor peasants and lower priests, which made the movement national liberation and anti-feudalism.

In the second stage, from 18 16 to 1826, the leaders of the independence movement learned from the failure of the previous stage, put forward clear revolutionary goals and programs, and won the support and support of the people; Break geographical boundaries, cooperate with each other, support each other and win the final victory. The battlefields in northern South America include Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Panama, with Venezuela as the center. 18 16, Bolí var returned to Venezuela with the support of Haiti, announced the abolition of slavery, and promised to distribute the land to the soldiers who participated in the liberation struggle after victory. A large number of Indians, blacks and hybrids joined the army enthusiastically. From 18 19, bolivar led the army over the Andes and liberated Colombia. Return to Caracas and liberate the whole territory of Venezuela; Subsequently, Ecuador was liberated and a "Greater Republic of Colombia" was established, including Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Most of northern South America was liberated. The battlefields in southern South America include Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia, with the center in La Plata. Spain's colonial power in this respect is relatively weak. San Martin realized that Peru was the main fortress of Spanish rule in America. To this end, he made a battle plan to cross the Andes from western Argentina, liberate Chile first, and then attack Peru from the sea. Starting from 18 17, San Martin led his troops over the Andes, which was covered with snow all the year round, and liberated Chile. Then attack from the sea, liberated the Peruvian capital and coastal areas. The Spanish colonial army retreated to northern Peru. In order to wipe out the colonial army completely, Bolí var and San Martí n held a separate meeting in Guayaquil in July 1822 to discuss coordinated operations, but failed to reach an agreement. After the meeting, San Martin quietly retired, and Bolí var assumed the heavy responsibility of liberating Peru. In the last battle of Ayacucho, the Bolivarian army decisively defeated the colonial army. By 1826, the Spanish-led Latin American War of Independence had achieved complete victory.

3. Brazil in Portugal is independent. Portuguese Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. 1807 Napoleon invaded Portugal, and the Portuguese royal family went into exile in Brazil, making Brazil the political center of the Portuguese kingdom. 1820 during the Portuguese bourgeois revolution, the new parliament asked the king to return to China, and the king left his son Pietro to continue to govern in Brazil. At this time, the independence movements all over Brazil are surging. In order to avoid revolution and maintain the rule of big landlords and planters, Pietro, at the behest of his father, declared Brazil's independence from Portugal and established the Brazilian Empire in 1822. Brazil's independence is the result of the people's long struggle. Because the bourgeoisie is weak and the revolutionary camp is not strong, the independence movement has not evolved into a large-scale revolutionary war. In the later period of the movement, the Portuguese royal family and the owners of big property gained leadership, which made the big property system and slavery unchanged after independence. But after all, Brazil got rid of colonial rule and provided favorable conditions for social and economic development.