Gansu culture, geographical environment and territorial evolution of Gansu, and the evolution of Xinjiang city of Gansu.

Gansu culture, geographical environment and territory evolution of Gansu, evolution of border cities of Gansu

Gansu was called the land of Qin Liang in ancient times, named after the initials of Ganzhou (now Zhangye City) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan City) in China, which is called "Gan" for short, and most of the provincial territory is west of Longshan, where Longyou Road was set in the Tang Dynasty, so it is also called "Gan" for short.

Gansu has a long history. It was the land of harmony and harmony in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, vassal regimes dominated and merged with each other, establishing vassal countries such as Yiqu, Mixu, Qin, * * *, Yueshi and Wusun in Gansu Province, and it was the area where Xirong or Rongdi lived. Before 77, Zhou Ping moved to the east, and the State of Qin, which rose in Qingshui and Tianshui areas of Gansu, chose the area west of Qishan. When Qin Wugong, Mu Gong and Xian Gong were present, they gradually opened up to the west along the Weihe River. In the first 279 years, Longxi County was set up (the county governs Lintao County in Gansu Province), and in the first 272 years, Beidi County was set up (the county governs the northwest of Ning County in Gansu Province), which was the earliest administration in Gansu Province. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the county system was implemented, and Gansu was under the jurisdiction of Beidi and Longxi counties.

the western Han dynasty implemented a county-state system, which divided the whole country into thirteen states (also known as thirteen departments) and 13 counties. There are ten counties in Gansu, such as Beidi, Longxi, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Dunhuang, Tianshui, Anding, Wudu and Jincheng. Most counties in Gansu belong to Liangzhou Secretariat, Wudu County belongs to Yizhou Secretariat and Beidi County belongs to Shuofang Secretariat. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the establishment of administrative districts in Gansu roughly followed the Western Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Beidi County, the secretariat department of Shuofang, was placed under the secretariat department of Liangzhou. In the tenth year of Emperor Yongping of Han Dynasty (67), the water county was Hanyang County another day, and the four counties in Hexi were still like the Western Han Dynasty. After the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of county countries and subordinate countries increased. During the reign of Emperor Han 'an, Zhang Ye and Juyan were added, and later changed to Xihai County, and Yinping Road was changed to Yinping County. There is no big change in the total jurisdiction of Liangzhou thorn history department.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties still followed the system of county state. During the Three Kingdoms period, most of Gansu belonged to Wei, with Liangzhou and Qin Zhou. Liangzhou owns Jincheng, Anding, Wuwei, Zhangye, Xijun, Jiuquan, Dunhuang and other counties; Qin Zhou has Longxi, Nan 'an, Hanyang and Guangwei counties. Shu Han has jurisdiction over Wudu County and Yinping County in Gansu Province, and most of the two counties are in Longnan area today. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Anding County was changed to Yongzhou, and the Hexi area was Liangzhou, with Jincheng, Wuwei, Zhangye, Xijun, Jiuquan, Dunhuang and other counties. Qin Zhou was set up in the Weihe River Basin and its south area, which governed Longxi, Nan 'an, Tianshui, Lueyang, Wudu and Yinping counties. During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains was in chaos. In Gansu, there were five regimes (former cool, western cool, northern cool, later cool and southern cool), former Zhao, later Zhao, former Qin, later Qin, western Qin, Daxia, Chenghan and Qiuchi, all of which were in Gansu, with administrative settings and effective jurisdiction. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Gansu was under the jurisdiction of Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou.

After the reunification of Sui Dynasty, counties such as Huining, Longxi, Tianshui, Pingliang, Anding, Beidi and Honghua were established in eastern Gansu today. Set Jincheng, Hanhan, Wuwei, Zhangye, Dunhuang and other counties in central and western Gansu; Hanyang, Lintao, Dangchang, Wudu, Tongchang, Hechi and other counties are set up in southern Gansu. In the first year of Emperor Wendi's reign (581), the general manager's office of Lanzhou was set up, and the name of Lanzhou began to appear in the history books.

In the Tang Dynasty, the whole country was divided into ten roads, and then fifteen roads. The inner roads in Gansu led to Jingzhou, Yuanzhou, Ningzhou, Gyeongju, etc. Longyou Road leads Qin Zhou, Weizhou, Chengzhou, Lanzhou, Hezhou, Taozhou, Minzhou, Linzhou, Dangzhou, Diezhou, Liangzhou, Shazhou, Guazhou, Ganzhou and Suzhou; Shannan West Road leads Wenzhou and Fuzhou. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty was unable to look west, and the west of Jinglong was occupied by Tubo and Uighur.

during the five dynasties and ten kingdoms period, the Cao regime of Guazhou Guiyi Army, the Uighur regime of Ganzhou, and the joint regime of Liugu, Fanhan and Han in Liangzhou appeared in Hexi area of Gansu province. The eastern region is mainly occupied by Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou, (pre-and post-) Shu regimes.

at the beginning of the northern song dynasty, the whole country was still divided into ten roads, and later it was changed to fifteen roads. In Gansu and Ningxia, Huaide Army, Zhenrong Army and Deshun Army were set up. From the first year of Xining in Song Shenzong to the fourth year of Yuanfeng (168-181), the Weihe River was opened to the west in the Song Dynasty. According to the states of Xihe, Taohe and Min, Qinfeng, Jingyuan, Huanqing and Xihe were built to protect Xixia, and then it was changed to Qinfeng Road, Yongxing Road and Lizhou Road, and Gansu was under the jurisdiction of these three roads. The area under the jurisdiction of the Northern Song Dynasty has been the estuary west of Lanzhou, and the Hexi area has been occupied by Xixia. After Jin destroyed the Song Dynasty, Jin set up Fengxiang Road, Qingyuan Road and Lintao Road in Gansu. These districts are the same as Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty only occupied Xihe, Chengxian, Wudu and Wenxian in Longnan.

the yuan dynasty wiped out the Jin dynasty, the southern song dynasty and the Xixia dynasty, unified the whole country, and established the province of books in the middle of the line, referred to as the province of books in the middle of the line, and established eleven provinces of books in the middle of the line throughout the country. The whole territory of Gansu is under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province, and the former Golden Area belongs to Shaanxi Province, while Ningxia and Hexi area in Gansu Province belong to Gansu Province. Set roads such as Yongchang, Ganzhou, Suzhou and Shazhou in Hexi area. The name of Gansu province is still in use today.

in the Ming dynasty, the province was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the eastern part of Gansu was the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Shaanxi, and Hexi was the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Shaanxi. In the Qing Dynasty, it followed the Ming system. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Shaanxi was divided into the left and right ministries, and Shaanxi's right ministries were stationed in Gongchang. This was the first sound of Shaanxi-Gansu provinces, and later it was renamed Gongchang ministries. In 1669, it was changed to Gansu's Ministry of Political Affairs, and it was moved from Gongchang to Lanzhou. Gansu officially established a province (governing Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai regions) and implemented a four-level system of province, prefecture, and county. In Gansu, there are Lanzhou, Pingliang, Gongchang, Qingyang, Ganzhou, Liangzhou and other prefectures, Jingzhou, Qin Zhou and Jizhou.

After the Revolution of 1911, it was changed to a three-level system of provincial governing roads and county governing roads. Gansu Province will be located in Gaolan, with seven roads and seventy-six counties in the province. After the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants arrived in northern Shaanxi, it established the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in 1937, which governs seven counties in Gansu, including Qingyang, Huachi, Heshui, Huanxian, Zhenyuan, Ningxian and Zhengning. After the founding of New China, there have been new changes in Gansu administrative region. The present building is formed after many changes.

the evolution of the territory of Gansu from ancient times to the present is the product of regime change in past dynasties, and it is the staged performance of historical development. The territory of Gansu in history is not the same as that of Gansu today, but the culture produced in Gansu is naturally closely related to the national culture of a certain dynasty, such as Yin Shang, Zhou Qin, Sui and Tang Dynasties and other regional cultures, and it is unique.